Question 1

End products of the different fermentation processes include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  lactate. 
B)  ethanol. 
C)  carbon dioxide. 
D)  water. 
A)  lactate. 
B)  ethanol. 
C)  carbon dioxide. 
D)  water.

Question 2

During aerobic respiration in cells, about _ of the chemical energy in a metabolized glucose molecule is used for ATP production and the rest is released as heat.

Accepted Answer

A)  more than 90% 
B)  25% 
C)  40% 
D)  less than 1% 
A)  more than 90% 
B)  25% 
C)  40% 
D)  less than 1%

Question 3

How do fatigued human muscle cells repay an "oxygen debt"?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cells decrease CO2 production. 
B)  The cells convert glucose to pyruvate. 
C)  The cells produce more oxygen. 
D)  The cells increase production of ATP. 
E)  The cells convert lactate back to pyruvate. 
A)  The cells decrease CO2 production. 
B)  The cells convert glucose to pyruvate. 
C)  The cells produce more oxygen. 
D)  The cells increase production of ATP. 
E)  The cells convert lactate back to pyruvate.

Question 4

In the cell, more than half of the energy produced by the metabolic breakdown of glucose is released as
and the remaining energy is stored in .

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the cell, more than half of...

Question 5

Which of the following most closely matches the correct order of the main events of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Krebs cycle, ETC, major ATP production, glycolysis 
B)  Glycolysis, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion, Krebs cycle, major ATP production, ETC 
C)  Major ATP production, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion, Krebs cycle, ETC 
D)  Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, ETC, major ATP production 
E)  Glycolysis, major ATP production, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion, ETC, Krebs cycle 
A)  Krebs cycle, ETC, major ATP production, glycolysis 
B)  Glycolysis, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion, Krebs cycle, major ATP production, ETC 
C)  Major ATP production, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion, Krebs cycle, ETC 
D)  Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, ETC, major ATP production 
E)  Glycolysis, major ATP production, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion, ETC, Krebs cycle

Question 6

Suppose an organism can alternate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. If it had to use anaerobic respiration exclusively, how many glucose molecules must it break down to generate the same ATP as it would in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  19 
B)  1 
C)  14 
D)  6 
E)  38 
A)  19 
B)  1 
C)  14 
D)  6 
E)  38

Question 7

The products of the Krebs cycle include

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP only. 
B)  carbon dioxide only. 
C)  ATP, carbon dioxide, and energy carriers. 
D)  energy carriers only. 
E)  carbon dioxide and energy carriers only. 
A)  ATP only. 
B)  carbon dioxide only. 
C)  ATP, carbon dioxide, and energy carriers. 
D)  energy carriers only. 
E)  carbon dioxide and energy carriers only.

Question 8

The reason bread dough "rises" is due to the production of

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide gas. 
B)  ethanol. 
C)  oxygen gas. 
D)  lactic acid. 
A)  carbon dioxide gas. 
B)  ethanol. 
C)  oxygen gas. 
D)  lactic acid.

Question 9

Which of the following is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycolysis 
B)  Electron transport 
C)  Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
D)  Reduction of pyruvate to lactate 
E)  Krebs cycle 
A)  Glycolysis 
B)  Electron transport 
C)  Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
D)  Reduction of pyruvate to lactate 
E)  Krebs cycle

Question 10

Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycolysis 
B)  The Krebs cycle 
C)  The ETC 
A)  Glycolysis 
B)  The Krebs cycle 
C)  The ETC

Question 11

During the fermentation of one molecule of glucose, the net production of ATP is

Accepted Answer

A)  eight molecules. 
B)  three molecules. 
C)  six molecules. 
D)  one molecule. 
E)  two molecules. 
A)  eight molecules. 
B)  three molecules. 
C)  six molecules. 
D)  one molecule. 
E)  two molecules.

Question 12

Which of the following metabolic processes directly utilizes oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)  ETC 
B)  Alcohol fermentation 
C)  Lactic acid fermentation 
D)  Glycolysis 
A)  ETC 
B)  Alcohol fermentation 
C)  Lactic acid fermentation 
D)  Glycolysis

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of an electron- carrier molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP 
B)  NADH 
C)  CO2 
D)  Acetyl CoA 
E)  Citric acid 
A)  ATP 
B)  NADH 
C)  CO2 
D)  Acetyl CoA 
E)  Citric acid

Question 14

Human muscle cells can perform

Accepted Answer

A)  lactic acid fermentation. 
B)  alcoholic fermentation, lactic acid fermentation, and aerobic cellular respiration. 
C)  lactic acid fermentation and aerobic cellular respiration. 
D)  aerobic cellular respiration. 
E)  alcoholic fermentation. 
A)  lactic acid fermentation. 
B)  alcoholic fermentation, lactic acid fermentation, and aerobic cellular respiration. 
C)  lactic acid fermentation and aerobic cellular respiration. 
D)  aerobic cellular respiration. 
E)  alcoholic fermentation.

Question 15

Imagine that you are running a marathon, and at the end of the race, you sprint to the finish line. Describe how your muscle cells are getting energy. Discuss the processes involved and detail the differences that occur at the start of your run and toward the end of your run.

Accepted Answer

Students should address the sh

Question 16

Some people trying to lose weight have gone on the Atkins diet, in which they eat mostly high- protein, low- carbohydrate foods such as meat, cheese, and eggs. The amino acids in these protein- rich diets, such as alanine, glycine, and serine, can be converted to pyruvate by deamination (removal of the amino group).
Based on this scenario as well as your knowledge of cellular respiration, how many ATP, NADH, and FADH2 molecules will be generated from one molecule of alanine during the mitochondrial matrix reactions? Hint: Only consider the reactions from the point at which the alanine carbons enter cellular respiration.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 FADH2, 4 NADH, and 1 ATP 
B)  0 FADH2, 1 NADH, and 2 ATP 
C)  2 FADH2, 3 NADH, and 2 ATP 
D)  2 FADH2, 6 NADH, and 2 ATP 
E)  1 FADH2, 1 NADH, and 1 ATP 
A)  1 FADH2, 4 NADH, and 1 ATP 
B)  0 FADH2, 1 NADH, and 2 ATP 
C)  2 FADH2, 3 NADH, and 2 ATP 
D)  2 FADH2, 6 NADH, and 2 ATP 
E)  1 FADH2, 1 NADH, and 1 ATP

Question 17

In the mitochondrial matrix reactions, the original carbons in pyruvate

Accepted Answer

A)  form the ring structure of oxaloacetic acid. 
B)  end up in molecules of CO2. 
C)  form glucose. 
D)  form the backbone chain of citric acid. 
E)  are incorporated into molecules of NADH and FADH2. 
A)  form the ring structure of oxaloacetic acid. 
B)  end up in molecules of CO2. 
C)  form glucose. 
D)  form the backbone chain of citric acid. 
E)  are incorporated into molecules of NADH and FADH2.

Question 18

During which step of aerobic respiration is oxygen used?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycolysis 
B)  Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
C)  Electron transport chain (ET
C)  
D)  Krebs cycle 
E)  Fermentation 
A)  Glycolysis 
B)  Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
C)  Electron transport chain (ET
C)  
D)  Krebs cycle 
E)  Fermentation

Question 19

When oxygen is present

Accepted Answer

A)  most animal cells carry on fermentation and produce lactate. 
B)  two ATP molecules are produced for each glucose molecule. 
C)  most animals convert CO2 to glucose. 
D)  most bacteria and yeasts carry on fermentation. 
E)  most animal cells utilize aerobic cellular respiration. 
A)  most animal cells carry on fermentation and produce lactate. 
B)  two ATP molecules are produced for each glucose molecule. 
C)  most animals convert CO2 to glucose. 
D)  most bacteria and yeasts carry on fermentation. 
E)  most animal cells utilize aerobic cellular respiration.

Question 20

Carbon dioxide is considered a waste product of cellular respiration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 8: Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

End products of the different fermentation processes include all of the following EXCEPT

During aerobic respiration in cells, about _ of the chemical energy in a metabolized glucose molecule is used for ATP production and the rest is released as heat.

How do fatigued human muscle cells repay an "oxygen debt"?

In the cell, more than half of the energy produced by the metabolic breakdown of glucose is released as and the remaining energy is stored in .

Which of the following most closely matches the correct order of the main events of aerobic cellular respiration?

Suppose an organism can alternate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. If it had to use anaerobic respiration exclusively, how many glucose molecules must it break down to generate the same ATP as it would in aerobic respiration?

The products of the Krebs cycle include

The reason bread dough "rises" is due to the production of

Which of the following is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration?

Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm?

During the fermentation of one molecule of glucose, the net production of ATP is

Which of the following metabolic processes directly utilizes oxygen?

Which of the following is an example of an electron- carrier molecule?

Human muscle cells can perform

Imagine that you are running a marathon, and at the end of the race, you sprint to the finish line. Describe how your muscle cells are getting energy. Discuss the processes involved and detail the differences that occur at the start of your run and toward the end of your run.

In the mitochondrial matrix reactions, the original carbons in pyruvate

During which step of aerobic respiration is oxygen used?

When oxygen is present

Carbon dioxide is considered a waste product of cellular respiration.

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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