Question 1

The process of fermentation is energetically more efficient than that of cellular respiration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The end product of glycolysis is

Accepted Answer

A)  two citric acid molecules. 
B)  one lactate molecule. 
C)  two pyruvate molecules. 
D)  one G3P molecule. 
E)  two NAD+ molecules. 
A)  two citric acid molecules. 
B)  one lactate molecule. 
C)  two pyruvate molecules. 
D)  one G3P molecule. 
E)  two NAD+ molecules.

Question 3

The anaerobic breakdown of glucose is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the Krebs cycle. 
B)  cellular respiration. 
C)  fermentation. 
D)  phosphorylation. 
E)  chemiosmosis. 
A)  the Krebs cycle. 
B)  cellular respiration. 
C)  fermentation. 
D)  phosphorylation. 
E)  chemiosmosis.

Question 4

The conversion of glucose to lactate is a form of .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The conversion of glucose to lactate is...

Question 5

Which of the following statements is TRUE of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It only takes place under anaerobic conditions. 
B)  It can be performed only by bacteria. 
C)  It produces a net gain of ATP. 
D)  It produces more ATP than does aerobic respiration. 
E)  It produces a net gain of FADH. 
A)  It only takes place under anaerobic conditions. 
B)  It can be performed only by bacteria. 
C)  It produces a net gain of ATP. 
D)  It produces more ATP than does aerobic respiration. 
E)  It produces a net gain of FADH.

Question 6

To be able to continue, each turn of the Krebs cycle must regenerate which of the following as a final product?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetyl CoA 
B)  Oxaloacetate 
C)  NADH and FADH2 
D)  Pyruvate 
E)  ATP 
A)  Acetyl CoA 
B)  Oxaloacetate 
C)  NADH and FADH2 
D)  Pyruvate 
E)  ATP

Question 7

Within a cell undergoing anaerobic metabolism of glucose, fermentation occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A)  fluid portion of the cytoplasm. 
B)  nucleus. 
C)  mitochondrial matrix. 
D)  stroma of the chloroplast. 
E)  phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane. 
A)  fluid portion of the cytoplasm. 
B)  nucleus. 
C)  mitochondrial matrix. 
D)  stroma of the chloroplast. 
E)  phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane.

Question 8

Bacteria in our mouths feed off the sugars in foods that we eat. As these bacteria ferment the sugars, they generate a product that can cause dental cavities. What is this product?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pyruvate 
B)  Lactic acid 
C)  Acetyl CoA 
D)  Hydrochloric acid 
E)  Citric acid 
A)  Pyruvate 
B)  Lactic acid 
C)  Acetyl CoA 
D)  Hydrochloric acid 
E)  Citric acid

Question 9

In the absence of oxygen, suppose a single yeast cell undergoes fermentation and uses 100 molecules of glucose. How many molecules of ATP will be generated?

Accepted Answer

A)  400 
B)  200 
C)  36 
D)  300 
E)  100 
A)  400 
B)  200 
C)  36 
D)  300 
E)  100

Question 10

If ATP is made in the mitochondria, how does it provide energy for reactions in the cytoplasm of the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  The energy in ATP is converted to NADH, which travels to the cytoplasm. 
B)  ATP diffuses into the cytoplasm through large pores in the outer membrane of the mitochondria out. 
C)  ATP is converted to ADP, which is transported to the cytoplasm and converted back to ATP. 
D)  ATP is used to make glucose, which is transported to the cytoplasm. 
E)  ATP is pumped out from the intermembrane space of the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. 
A)  The energy in ATP is converted to NADH, which travels to the cytoplasm. 
B)  ATP diffuses into the cytoplasm through large pores in the outer membrane of the mitochondria out. 
C)  ATP is converted to ADP, which is transported to the cytoplasm and converted back to ATP. 
D)  ATP is used to make glucose, which is transported to the cytoplasm. 
E)  ATP is pumped out from the intermembrane space of the mitochondria to the cytoplasm.

Question 11

How does baker's yeast in bread dough make the bread rise?

Accepted Answer

Bread rises due to t

Question 12

In the process of cellular respiration, a molecule of _ is completely broken down to form ,
, and .

Accepted Answer

glucose; H

Question 13

Oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration because oxygen

Accepted Answer

A)  combines with electrons and hydrogen ions to form water. 
B)  reduces glucose to form carbon dioxide and water. 
C)  combines with carbon to form carbon dioxide. 
D)  combines with carbon dioxide and water to form glucose. 
E)  combines with electrons to form CO2. 
A)  combines with electrons and hydrogen ions to form water. 
B)  reduces glucose to form carbon dioxide and water. 
C)  combines with carbon to form carbon dioxide. 
D)  combines with carbon dioxide and water to form glucose. 
E)  combines with electrons to form CO2.

Question 14

Some plans for weight loss include eating a low- carbohydrate diet. In the absence of a lot of glucose in the diet, what other food molecules can be used to extract energy for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein and fats 
B)  Protein only 
C)  Fats only 
A)  Protein and fats 
B)  Protein only 
C)  Fats only

Question 15

Some of the CO2 that is exhaled during breathing is created during

Accepted Answer

A)  the reduction of oxygen in the ETC. 
B)  glycolysis. 
C)  the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. 
D)  fermentation. 
E)  chemiosmosis. 
A)  the reduction of oxygen in the ETC. 
B)  glycolysis. 
C)  the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. 
D)  fermentation. 
E)  chemiosmosis.

Question 16

If glucose is metabolized under completely anaerobic conditions, pyruvate

Accepted Answer

A)  immediately enters the Krebs cycle. 
B)  is converted to NADH. 
C)  is converted by fermentation to lactate or CO2 + ethanol. 
D)  is converted back to fructose until the concentration of oxygen increases. 
E)  leaves the fluid portion of the cytoplasm and enters the mitochondrial matrix. 
A)  immediately enters the Krebs cycle. 
B)  is converted to NADH. 
C)  is converted by fermentation to lactate or CO2 + ethanol. 
D)  is converted back to fructose until the concentration of oxygen increases. 
E)  leaves the fluid portion of the cytoplasm and enters the mitochondrial matrix.

Question 17

Which of the following parts of the mitochondria is (are) directly involved in the synthesis of ATP during chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Matrix only 
B)  Outer membrane only 
C)  Inner and outer membranes 
D)  Matrix and inner membrane 
E)  Inner membrane only 
A)  Matrix only 
B)  Outer membrane only 
C)  Inner and outer membranes 
D)  Matrix and inner membrane 
E)  Inner membrane only

Exam 8: Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

The process of fermentation is energetically more efficient than that of cellular respiration.

The end product of glycolysis is

The anaerobic breakdown of glucose is called

The conversion of glucose to lactate is a form of .

Which of the following statements is TRUE of glycolysis?

To be able to continue, each turn of the Krebs cycle must regenerate which of the following as a final product?

Within a cell undergoing anaerobic metabolism of glucose, fermentation occurs in the

Bacteria in our mouths feed off the sugars in foods that we eat. As these bacteria ferment the sugars, they generate a product that can cause dental cavities. What is this product?

In the absence of oxygen, suppose a single yeast cell undergoes fermentation and uses 100 molecules of glucose. How many molecules of ATP will be generated?

If ATP is made in the mitochondria, how does it provide energy for reactions in the cytoplasm of the cell?

How does baker's yeast in bread dough make the bread rise?

In the process of cellular respiration, a molecule of _ is completely broken down to form , , and .

Oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration because oxygen

Some plans for weight loss include eating a low- carbohydrate diet. In the absence of a lot of glucose in the diet, what other food molecules can be used to extract energy for cellular respiration?

Some of the CO2 that is exhaled during breathing is created during

If glucose is metabolized under completely anaerobic conditions, pyruvate

Which of the following parts of the mitochondria is (are) directly involved in the synthesis of ATP during chemiosmosis?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

Filters

Some of the CO₂ that is exhaled during breathing is created during