Question 1

Why do mammals adapted to dry climates tend to have considerably more long- looped nephrons than those adapted to wet climates?

Accepted Answer

A)  So that a higher concentration of salt can be produced in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla, causing more water to be reabsorbed into the capillaries 
B)  So that the excess urea they produce as a result of dehydration can be properly filtered by the nephrons and excreted 
C)  So that their blood pressure does not drop to dangerously low levels during periods of drought 
D)  So that a lower concentration of salt can be produced in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla, causing less water to be reabsorbed into the capillaries 
E)  So that the wastes can be excreted as uric acid instead of urine 
A)  So that a higher concentration of salt can be produced in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla, causing more water to be reabsorbed into the capillaries 
B)  So that the excess urea they produce as a result of dehydration can be properly filtered by the nephrons and excreted 
C)  So that their blood pressure does not drop to dangerously low levels during periods of drought 
D)  So that a lower concentration of salt can be produced in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla, causing less water to be reabsorbed into the capillaries 
E)  So that the wastes can be excreted as uric acid instead of urine

Question 2

The composition of urine varies to help maintain homeostasis within the body. With this in mind, which of the following would you NOT expect to find in the urine of a healthy individual?

Accepted Answer

A)  Drug metabolites 
B)  Potassium ions 
C)  Ammonia 
D)  Glucose 
E)  Hydrogen ions 
A)  Drug metabolites 
B)  Potassium ions 
C)  Ammonia 
D)  Glucose 
E)  Hydrogen ions

Question 3

Insect urinary systems consist of

Accepted Answer

A)  Malpighian tubules. 
B)  nephrostomes. 
C)  flame cells. 
D)  protonephridia. 
E)  nephridia. 
A)  Malpighian tubules. 
B)  nephrostomes. 
C)  flame cells. 
D)  protonephridia. 
E)  nephridia.

Question 4

Cellular wastes and excess ions are moved from the blood into nephrons by

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration and secretion. 
B)  reabsorption only. 
C)  filtration only. 
D)  filtration and reabsorption. 
E)  secretion only. 
A)  filtration and secretion. 
B)  reabsorption only. 
C)  filtration only. 
D)  filtration and reabsorption. 
E)  secretion only.

Question 5

Because there is a high concentration of salt in the interstitial fluid around the nephron loop, what happens to the filtrate as it flows through the descending limb?

Accepted Answer

Water moves out of t

Question 6

Nitrogenous waste products, such as urea and uric acid, are primarily formed because of the digestion of

Accepted Answer

A)  salts. 
B)  lipids. 
C)  carbohydrates. 
D)  proteins. 
A)  salts. 
B)  lipids. 
C)  carbohydrates. 
D)  proteins.

Question 7

Which type of animal would you dissect to locate a nephridium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flatworm 
B)  Insect 
C)  Reptile 
D)  Earthworm 
E)  Bird 
A)  Flatworm 
B)  Insect 
C)  Reptile 
D)  Earthworm 
E)  Bird

Question 8

Based on your knowledge of the differences between the male and female urinary systems, why are females at greater risk of bladder infections?

Accepted Answer

The urethra is about five times longer i

Question 9

The descending limb of the nephron loop

Accepted Answer

A)  is not permeable to water. 
B)  pulls water from the renal medulla to make the filtrate more dilute. 
C)  responds to high levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the blood. 
D)  is permeable to salt and urea. 
E)  loses water to the medulla as the filtrate becomes more concentrated. 
A)  is not permeable to water. 
B)  pulls water from the renal medulla to make the filtrate more dilute. 
C)  responds to high levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the blood. 
D)  is permeable to salt and urea. 
E)  loses water to the medulla as the filtrate becomes more concentrated.

Question 10

Which of these is normally found in the glomerular filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Erythrocytes 
B)  White blood cells 
C)  Na+ 
D)  Fat droplets 
E)  Large proteins 
A)  Erythrocytes 
B)  White blood cells 
C)  Na+ 
D)  Fat droplets 
E)  Large proteins

Question 11

The ascending limb of the nephron loop

Accepted Answer

A)  is permeable to salt. 
B)  is permeable to water. 
C)  pulls salt from the renal medulla to make the filtrate more concentrated. 
D)  responds to high levels of ADH in the blood. 
E)  is the primary site of tubular secretion. 
A)  is permeable to salt. 
B)  is permeable to water. 
C)  pulls salt from the renal medulla to make the filtrate more concentrated. 
D)  responds to high levels of ADH in the blood. 
E)  is the primary site of tubular secretion.

Question 12

In a healthy kidney, glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed into the blood at which location in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nephron loop 
B)  Proximal tubule 
C)  Glomerulus 
D)  Ureter 
E)  Distal tubule 
A)  Nephron loop 
B)  Proximal tubule 
C)  Glomerulus 
D)  Ureter 
E)  Distal tubule

Question 13

Which structure collects the water and small dissolved molecules forced out of the bloodstream during the process of filtration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glomerular capsule 
B)  Distal tubule 
C)  Glomerulus 
D)  Nephron loop 
E)  Proximal tubule 
A)  Glomerular capsule 
B)  Distal tubule 
C)  Glomerulus 
D)  Nephron loop 
E)  Proximal tubule

Question 14

Your entire blood volume is filtered by your kidneys approximately 60 times per day.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

People whose kidneys have failed can eat and drink whatever they like as long as they go to dialysis three times a week as scheduled.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Name the two main parts of the nephron.

Accepted Answer

Renal corpuscle (con

Question 17

Explain the relationship between protein consumption and the nitrogenous waste products found in mammalian urine.

Accepted Answer

Proteins are made up of amino acids, whi

Question 18

The glomerulus, like all other capillary beds, empties into a venule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The primary nitrogenous waste product of aquatic organisms is .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary nitrogenous waste product of aquatic...

Exam 36: The Urinary System

Why do mammals adapted to dry climates tend to have considerably more long- looped nephrons than those adapted to wet climates?

The composition of urine varies to help maintain homeostasis within the body. With this in mind, which of the following would you NOT expect to find in the urine of a healthy individual?

Insect urinary systems consist of

Cellular wastes and excess ions are moved from the blood into nephrons by

Because there is a high concentration of salt in the interstitial fluid around the nephron loop, what happens to the filtrate as it flows through the descending limb?

Nitrogenous waste products, such as urea and uric acid, are primarily formed because of the digestion of

Which type of animal would you dissect to locate a nephridium?

Based on your knowledge of the differences between the male and female urinary systems, why are females at greater risk of bladder infections?

The descending limb of the nephron loop

Which of these is normally found in the glomerular filtrate?

The ascending limb of the nephron loop

In a healthy kidney, glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed into the blood at which location in the nephron?

Which structure collects the water and small dissolved molecules forced out of the bloodstream during the process of filtration?

Your entire blood volume is filtered by your kidneys approximately 60 times per day.

People whose kidneys have failed can eat and drink whatever they like as long as they go to dialysis three times a week as scheduled.

Name the two main parts of the nephron.

Explain the relationship between protein consumption and the nitrogenous waste products found in mammalian urine.

The glomerulus, like all other capillary beds, empties into a venule.

The primary nitrogenous waste product of aquatic organisms is .

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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