Question 1

What is the principle of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Porous gel retards the movement of small molecules. 
B)  The negative charge of detergent overpowers the charge of the protein, and separation of molecules occurs by ion exchange. 
C)  Porous gel allows small molecules to move freely and retards the movement of larger molecules. 
D)  Support media contains antibodies that will bind specific proteins, and those not bound are washed away. 
A)  Porous gel retards the movement of small molecules. 
B)  The negative charge of detergent overpowers the charge of the protein, and separation of molecules occurs by ion exchange. 
C)  Porous gel allows small molecules to move freely and retards the movement of larger molecules. 
D)  Support media contains antibodies that will bind specific proteins, and those not bound are washed away.

Question 2

What anemia will result in an increased expression of i antigen, which exceeds that found on control cord cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sideroblastic anemia 
B)  CDA type I 
C)  CDA type II 
D)  CDA type III 
A)  Sideroblastic anemia 
B)  CDA type I 
C)  CDA type II 
D)  CDA type III

Question 3

It was discovered that a patient who was to receive two units of packed RBCs had an anti-Lea circulating in his system. What would be the proper procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anti- Lea is clinically insignificant, and two units could be issued without further workup. 
B)  Multiple units should be screened for Lea antigen, and only two of the units negative for that antigen should be transfused. 
C)  The two units do not necessarily need to be Lea-negative but should be crossmatched through at least 37 degrees and crossmatch compatible before given 
D)  The transfusion should be halted until specially screened units are flown in 
A)  Anti- Lea is clinically insignificant, and two units could be issued without further workup. 
B)  Multiple units should be screened for Lea antigen, and only two of the units negative for that antigen should be transfused. 
C)  The two units do not necessarily need to be Lea-negative but should be crossmatched through at least 37 degrees and crossmatch compatible before given 
D)  The transfusion should be halted until specially screened units are flown in

Question 4

Anti-M was detected in a 27-year-old man before surgery. Units negative for M antigen were not available; however, the units were approved for transfusion when major crossmatch using M+N+ donor cells and patient serum resulted in:

Accepted Answer

A)  IS = 1+, 37 = 1+, AHG = 0 
B)  IS = 1+, 37 = 0, AHG = 0 
C)  IS = 3+, 37 = 2+, AHG = 1+ 
D)  IS = 2+, 37 = 1+, AHG = 0 
A)  IS = 1+, 37 = 1+, AHG = 0 
B)  IS = 1+, 37 = 0, AHG = 0 
C)  IS = 3+, 37 = 2+, AHG = 1+ 
D)  IS = 2+, 37 = 1+, AHG = 0

Question 5

At which phase are Lewis antibodies usually detected?

Accepted Answer

A)  Immediate spin 
B)  37°C 
C)  Coombs 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Immediate spin 
B)  37°C 
C)  Coombs 
D)  All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lewis antibodies do not bind complement. 
B)  Lewis antibodies may cause hemolytic reactions if detectable at 37°C. 
C)  Lewis antibodies are IgM, therefore, they cannot cross the placenta and cause hemolytic disease of the newborn. 
D)  Lewis antigens are finally developed around age 6. 
A)  Lewis antibodies do not bind complement. 
B)  Lewis antibodies may cause hemolytic reactions if detectable at 37°C. 
C)  Lewis antibodies are IgM, therefore, they cannot cross the placenta and cause hemolytic disease of the newborn. 
D)  Lewis antigens are finally developed around age 6.

Question 7

Red blood cells that phenotyped as [Le(a-b-)] are incubated with plasma containing Lea substance. The red blood cells convert to the phenotype [Le(a+b-)]. Whereas the same red blood cells incubated with saliva containing Lea substance do not convert. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycoproteins are not absorbed onto red blood cell membranes. 
B)  Biochemically, Lewis substances in saliva are glycolipids. 
C)  Only Leb substance in saliva can convert phenotypes. 
D)  Other enzymes found in the saliva interfere with the conversion from Le(a-b-) to Le (a+b-). 
A)  Glycoproteins are not absorbed onto red blood cell membranes. 
B)  Biochemically, Lewis substances in saliva are glycolipids. 
C)  Only Leb substance in saliva can convert phenotypes. 
D)  Other enzymes found in the saliva interfere with the conversion from Le(a-b-) to Le (a+b-).

Question 8

Why are the M and N antigens important for paternity testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antigens are well developed on father's red blood cells. 
B)  Antigens are poorly developed on mother's cells. 
C)  Antigens are well developed at birth. 
D)  Antigens are fully developed at two years of age. 
A)  Antigens are well developed on father's red blood cells. 
B)  Antigens are poorly developed on mother's cells. 
C)  Antigens are well developed at birth. 
D)  Antigens are fully developed at two years of age.

Question 9

All of the following are grouped with the para-Kell antigens except:

Accepted Answer

A)  K18. 
B)  K11. 
C)  K22. 
D)  K14. 
A)  K18. 
B)  K11. 
C)  K22. 
D)  K14.

Question 10

What is the source of anti-M lectin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bauhinia candicans 
B)  Dolichos biflorus 
C)  Iberis amara 
D)  Bandeiraea simplicifolia 
A)  Bauhinia candicans 
B)  Dolichos biflorus 
C)  Iberis amara 
D)  Bandeiraea simplicifolia

Question 11

The structures that carry the P antigens also carry which determinants?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  I 
C)  B 
D)  All of the above 
A)  A 
B)  I 
C)  B 
D)  All of the above

Question 12

The Kell gene is located on the long arm of which chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  7 
C)  9 
D)  11 
A)  5 
B)  7 
C)  9 
D)  11

Question 13

Persons with the Kidd-null phenotype have been found in:

Accepted Answer

A)  Russia. 
B)  New Zealand. 
C)  North America. 
D)  Saudi Arabia. 
A)  Russia. 
B)  New Zealand. 
C)  North America. 
D)  Saudi Arabia.

Question 14

Which of the following could NOT be the result of the parent combinationss described below?

Accepted Answer

A)  Father MM $\quad $Mother NN$\quad $ Child MN 
B)  Father MN $\quad $Mother NN $\quad $Child NN 
C)  Father MN $\quad $Mother MM$\quad $ Child NN 
D)  Father NN $\quad $Mother NN $\quad $Child NN 
A)  Father MM $\quad $Mother NN$\quad $ Child MN 
B)  Father MN $\quad $Mother NN $\quad $Child NN 
C)  Father MN $\quad $Mother MM$\quad $ Child NN 
D)  Father NN $\quad $Mother NN $\quad $Child NN

Question 15

Anti-Wrb has been frequently observed in patients:

Accepted Answer

A)  with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. 
B)  with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. 
C)  taking penicillin. 
D)  with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. 
A)  with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. 
B)  with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. 
C)  taking penicillin. 
D)  with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.

Question 16

What are the antibody characteristics of Fy3, Fy4, and Fy5?

Accepted Answer

A)  Immunogenic 
B)  IgG 
C)  Reactive at AHG 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Immunogenic 
B)  IgG 
C)  Reactive at AHG 
D)  All of the above

Question 17

Persons who are genetically P1 may serologically type as P2 because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  inheritance of the In(Lu) gene. 
B)  inheritance of the p gene. 
C)  presence of anti-P1 in their serum. 
D)  depressed antigen expression. 
A)  inheritance of the In(Lu) gene. 
B)  inheritance of the p gene. 
C)  presence of anti-P1 in their serum. 
D)  depressed antigen expression.

Question 18

What is the ISBT designation for the Lutheran blood group system?

Accepted Answer

A)  LN 
B)  LU 
C)  LT 
D)  LR 
A)  LN 
B)  LU 
C)  LT 
D)  LR

Question 19

What fatal disease is associated with the McLeod phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  Graves' disease 
B)  Chronic granulomatous disease 
C)  Lymphoma 
D)  Fanconi's syndrome 
A)  Graves' disease 
B)  Chronic granulomatous disease 
C)  Lymphoma 
D)  Fanconi's syndrome

Question 20

Duffy antigens are destroyed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  AET. 
B)  ficin. 
C)  neuraminidase. 
D)  neuraminidase and AET. 
A)  AET. 
B)  ficin. 
C)  neuraminidase. 
D)  neuraminidase and AET.

Exam 8: Blood Group Terminology and the Other Blood Groups

What is the principle of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)?

What anemia will result in an increased expression of i antigen, which exceeds that found on control cord cells?

It was discovered that a patient who was to receive two units of packed RBCs had an anti-Lea circulating in his system. What would be the proper procedure?

Anti-M was detected in a 27-year-old man before surgery. Units negative for M antigen were not available; however, the units were approved for transfusion when major crossmatch using M+N+ donor cells and patient serum resulted in:

At which phase are Lewis antibodies usually detected?

Which of the following statements is false?

Red blood cells that phenotyped as [Le(a-b-)] are incubated with plasma containing Lea substance. The red blood cells convert to the phenotype [Le(a+b-)]. Whereas the same red blood cells incubated with saliva containing Lea substance do not convert. Why?

Why are the M and N antigens important for paternity testing?

All of the following are grouped with the para-Kell antigens except:

What is the source of anti-M lectin?

The structures that carry the P antigens also carry which determinants?

The Kell gene is located on the long arm of which chromosome?

Persons with the Kidd-null phenotype have been found in:

Which of the following could NOT be the result of the parent combinationss described below?

Anti-Wrb has been frequently observed in patients:

What are the antibody characteristics of Fy3, Fy4, and Fy5?

Persons who are genetically P1 may serologically type as P2 because of:

What is the ISBT designation for the Lutheran blood group system?

What fatal disease is associated with the McLeod phenotype?

Duffy antigens are destroyed by:

Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends

Basic Genetics

Fundamentals of Immunology

Concepts in Molecular Biology

The Antiglobulin Test

The Abo Blood Group System

The RH Blood Group System

Detection and Identification of Antibodies

Pre-Transfusion Testing

Overview of the Routine Blood Bank Laboratory

Other Technologies and Automation

Donor Screening and Component Preparation

Apheresis

Transfusion Therapy

Cellular Therapy

Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

The Hla System

Relationship Testing

Quality Management

Transfusion Safety and Federal Regulatory Requirements

Utilization Management

Laboratory Information Systems

Medicolegal and Ethical Aspects of Providing Blood Collection and Transfusion Services

Tissue Banking: A New Role for the Transfusion Service

Filters

It was discovered that a patient who was to receive two units of packed RBCs had an anti-Le^a circulating in his system. What would be the proper procedure?

Red blood cells that phenotyped as [Le(a-b-)] are incubated with plasma containing Le^a substance. The red blood cells convert to the phenotype [Le(a+b-)]. Whereas the same red blood cells incubated with saliva containing Le^a substance do not convert. Why?

Anti-Wr^b has been frequently observed in patients:

Persons who are genetically P₁ may serologically type as P₂ because of: