Question 1

In the case below, which father is being falsely accused of paternity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alleged father #1 
B)  Alleged father #2 
C)  Both are being falsely accused. 
D)  Neither is being falsely accused. 
A)  Alleged father #1 
B)  Alleged father #2 
C)  Both are being falsely accused. 
D)  Neither is being falsely accused. A

Question 2

The inclusionary calculations are deemed invalid if which of the following possible subjects is to be ruled out as the alleged father of the child?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brother 
B)  Uncle 
C)  Father 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Brother 
B)  Uncle 
C)  Father 
D)  All of the above D

Question 3

Given the gene frequencies of MS and NS, what is the genotype frequency (MS/NS), assuming the genotype could occur in two different ways: MS: 0.2578 or NS: 0.0628.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.0004 
B)  0.0625 
C)  0.0324 
D)  0.0054 
A)  0.0004 
B)  0.0625 
C)  0.0324 
D)  0.0054 C

Question 4

What component of the Hardy-Weinberg equation (p2 + 2pq + q2) signifies heterozygotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  p2 
B)  2pq 
C)  q2 
D)  None of the above 
A)  p2 
B)  2pq 
C)  q2 
D)  None of the above

Question 5

Which of the following is a structure located within the cell nucleus that carries genes in a linear order as a part of the DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antigen 
B)  Karyosome 
C)  Chromosome 
D)  Locus 
A)  Antigen 
B)  Karyosome 
C)  Chromosome 
D)  Locus

Question 6

Which of the following AABB standards must be met in paternity testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA testing using double-locus probes 
B)  Independent reading of electrophoretograms by two technologists 
C)  HLA and red blood cell antigen testing performed by two independent laboratories 
D)  All of the above 
A)  DNA testing using double-locus probes 
B)  Independent reading of electrophoretograms by two technologists 
C)  HLA and red blood cell antigen testing performed by two independent laboratories 
D)  All of the above

Question 7

What is the major constituent of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Golgi bodies 
B)  Mitochondria 
C)  RNA 
D)  DNA 
A)  Golgi bodies 
B)  Mitochondria 
C)  RNA 
D)  DNA

Question 8

What is the basic unit of inheritance that determines the production or nonproduction of specific markers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antigen 
B)  Chromosome 
C)  Gene 
D)  Locus 
A)  Antigen 
B)  Chromosome 
C)  Gene 
D)  Locus

Question 9

A newborn is typed as Group O; her mother is Group A. Determine the maximum number of theoretical blood types that the father could be to produce a child of this ABO type.

Accepted Answer

A)  A, B, AB, O 
B)  A, AB, O 
C)  A, B, O 
D)  B, O 
E)  O 
A)  A, B, AB, O 
B)  A, AB, O 
C)  A, B, O 
D)  B, O 
E)  O

Question 10

Calculate the relative genotype frequency of MS/Ns, given that the genotype frequencies of MS/Ns and MS/Nu are 0.1999 and 0.0002, respectively. Gene frequency: MS, 0.2578; Ns, 0.3877; Nu, 0.0004.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1999 
B)  0.0009 
C)  0.999 
D)  0.2578 
A)  0.1999 
B)  0.0009 
C)  0.999 
D)  0.2578

Question 11

Samples for paternity testing have arrived at Forensic Laboratories, Inc. What documentation should the shipping container contain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Social Security number 
B)  Date of birth 
C)  Initials 
D)  Department code 
A)  Social Security number 
B)  Date of birth 
C)  Initials 
D)  Department code

Question 12

Apparent opposite homozygosity is also known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  direct exclusion. 
B)  apparent exclusion. 
C)  indirect exclusion. 
D)  direct homozygous transition. 
A)  direct exclusion. 
B)  apparent exclusion. 
C)  indirect exclusion. 
D)  direct homozygous transition.

Question 13

Which of the following is consistent with a low probability of paternity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only 1 POG and 1 MOG were found to exist in the Rh system. 
B)  More than 3 POGs were found in the HLA and MNS groups. 
C)  The POG had a gene frequency of 0.0004 in the random population. 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Only 1 POG and 1 MOG were found to exist in the Rh system. 
B)  More than 3 POGs were found in the HLA and MNS groups. 
C)  The POG had a gene frequency of 0.0004 in the random population. 
D)  None of the above

Question 14

Which offspring scenario could not be the result of the marriage shown.

Accepted Answer

A)  Father: MM/Mother: NN-Child: MN 
B)  Father: MN/Mother: NN-Child: NN 
C)  Father: MN/Mother: MM-Child: NN 
D)  Father: NN/Mother: NN-Child: NN 
A)  Father: MM/Mother: NN-Child: MN 
B)  Father: MN/Mother: NN-Child: NN 
C)  Father: MN/Mother: MM-Child: NN 
D)  Father: NN/Mother: NN-Child: NN

Question 15

In HLA serologic testing, how are cytotoxic effects of antigen-antibody interactions detected?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is visible agglutination, or clumping. 
B)  The cells remain clear. 
C)  Trypan blue or eosin stains the cells because of loss of membrane integrity. 
D)  There is hemolysis. 
A)  There is visible agglutination, or clumping. 
B)  The cells remain clear. 
C)  Trypan blue or eosin stains the cells because of loss of membrane integrity. 
D)  There is hemolysis.

Question 16

How is HLA serologic testing performed?

Accepted Answer

A)  T lymphocytes are harvested and introduced to a panel of test sera specific for antigens of the HLA system. 
B)  B lymphocytes are harvested and introduced to a panel of test sera specific for antigens of the HLA system. 
C)  HLA antigens move through a limited pH gradient and are immobilized, complexed with antibody, and stained. 
D)  DNA is isolated from peripheral white blood cells, fragmented, and hybridized. 
A)  T lymphocytes are harvested and introduced to a panel of test sera specific for antigens of the HLA system. 
B)  B lymphocytes are harvested and introduced to a panel of test sera specific for antigens of the HLA system. 
C)  HLA antigens move through a limited pH gradient and are immobilized, complexed with antibody, and stained. 
D)  DNA is isolated from peripheral white blood cells, fragmented, and hybridized.

Question 17

What technology is used to demonstrate the presence of allelic variants of red blood cell enzymes and serum proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electrophoresis 
B)  Polymerase chain reaction 
C)  Ion-exchange chromatography 
D)  Fluorescence polarization 
A)  Electrophoresis 
B)  Polymerase chain reaction 
C)  Ion-exchange chromatography 
D)  Fluorescence polarization

Question 18

A child was found to express the M+N+ phenotype. The mother's phenotype was M+N-, as was the father's. What type of exclusion is evident in this case?

Accepted Answer

A)  Direct 
B)  Indirect 
C)  No exclusion 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Direct 
B)  Indirect 
C)  No exclusion 
D)  None of the above

Question 19

Calculate the paternity index, given the X and Y probabilities:

Accepted Answer

A)  0.999 
B)  0.301 
C)  0.452 
D)  0.002 
A)  0.999 
B)  0.301 
C)  0.452 
D)  0.002

Question 20

In paternity testing, which of the following systems is the first to be tested against samples drawn from the mother, alleged father, and child?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rh 
B)  Red blood cell enzymes 
C)  ABO 
D)  Kell 
A)  Rh 
B)  Red blood cell enzymes 
C)  ABO 
D)  Kell

Exam 22: Relationship Testing

In the case below, which father is being falsely accused of paternity?

The inclusionary calculations are deemed invalid if which of the following possible subjects is to be ruled out as the alleged father of the child?

Given the gene frequencies of MS and NS, what is the genotype frequency (MS/NS), assuming the genotype could occur in two different ways: MS: 0.2578 or NS: 0.0628.

What component of the Hardy-Weinberg equation (p2 + 2pq + q2) signifies heterozygotes?

Which of the following is a structure located within the cell nucleus that carries genes in a linear order as a part of the DNA molecule?

Which of the following AABB standards must be met in paternity testing?

What is the major constituent of chromosomes?

What is the basic unit of inheritance that determines the production or nonproduction of specific markers?

A newborn is typed as Group O; her mother is Group A. Determine the maximum number of theoretical blood types that the father could be to produce a child of this ABO type.

Calculate the relative genotype frequency of MS/Ns, given that the genotype frequencies of MS/Ns and MS/Nu are 0.1999 and 0.0002, respectively. Gene frequency: MS, 0.2578; Ns, 0.3877; Nu, 0.0004.

Samples for paternity testing have arrived at Forensic Laboratories, Inc. What documentation should the shipping container contain?

Apparent opposite homozygosity is also known as:

Which of the following is consistent with a low probability of paternity?

Which offspring scenario could not be the result of the marriage shown.

In HLA serologic testing, how are cytotoxic effects of antigen-antibody interactions detected?

How is HLA serologic testing performed?

What technology is used to demonstrate the presence of allelic variants of red blood cell enzymes and serum proteins?

A child was found to express the M+N+ phenotype. The mother's phenotype was M+N-, as was the father's. What type of exclusion is evident in this case?

Calculate the paternity index, given the X and Y probabilities:

In paternity testing, which of the following systems is the first to be tested against samples drawn from the mother, alleged father, and child?

Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends

Basic Genetics

Fundamentals of Immunology

Concepts in Molecular Biology

The Antiglobulin Test

The Abo Blood Group System

The RH Blood Group System

Blood Group Terminology and the Other Blood Groups

Detection and Identification of Antibodies

Pre-Transfusion Testing

Overview of the Routine Blood Bank Laboratory

Other Technologies and Automation

Donor Screening and Component Preparation

Apheresis

Transfusion Therapy

Cellular Therapy

Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

The Hla System

Quality Management

Transfusion Safety and Federal Regulatory Requirements

Utilization Management

Laboratory Information Systems

Medicolegal and Ethical Aspects of Providing Blood Collection and Transfusion Services

Tissue Banking: A New Role for the Transfusion Service

Filters

What component of the Hardy-Weinberg equation (p²+ 2pq + q²) signifies heterozygotes?