Question 1

Which of the following antibodies is least likely to bind complement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jka 
B)  Kell 
C)  ABO 
D)  P 
A)  Jka 
B)  Kell 
C)  ABO 
D)  P B

Question 2

Which of the following is not a clinical application for a direct antiglobulin test?

Accepted Answer

A)  HDN 
B)  HTR 
C)  AIHA 
D)  Heterophile detection 
A)  HDN 
B)  HTR 
C)  AIHA 
D)  Heterophile detection D

Question 3

You are performing an IAT, and you are suspicious of the results. It appears there may be a weak alloantibody present. You decide to repeat the test, and at the LISS stage you decide to add an extra two drops of serum to each tube being tested. What can you expect to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  There would be no effect. 
B)  The additional serum increases reaction strengths, because more possible antibody is added to the reaction. 
C)  Sensitivity of the test decreases, because you increased the ionic strength of the mixture. 
D)  You lowered the zeta potential, thus enhancing your results. 
A)  There would be no effect. 
B)  The additional serum increases reaction strengths, because more possible antibody is added to the reaction. 
C)  Sensitivity of the test decreases, because you increased the ionic strength of the mixture. 
D)  You lowered the zeta potential, thus enhancing your results. C

Question 4

The indirect antiglobulin test detects which antigen-antibody reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  In vivo 
B)  In vitro 
C)  Both in vivo and in vitro 
D)  None of the above 
A)  In vivo 
B)  In vitro 
C)  Both in vivo and in vitro 
D)  None of the above

Question 5

How would a negative IAT be demonstrated in solid phase methodology?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cells form a monolayer. 
B)  There is a pellet at the bottom of the well. 
C)  The well turns orange. 
D)  Small agglutinins appear at the bottom of the well. 
A)  The cells form a monolayer. 
B)  There is a pellet at the bottom of the well. 
C)  The well turns orange. 
D)  Small agglutinins appear at the bottom of the well.

Question 6

What do "check cells" contain?

Accepted Answer

A)  A+ red blood cell coated with anti-D 
B)  Rh(
D) + red blood cells coated with anti-D 
C)  Rh(
D) - red blood cells coated with anti-D 
D)  B+ red blood cells coated with anti-D 
A)  A+ red blood cell coated with anti-D 
B)  Rh(
D) + red blood cells coated with anti-D 
C)  Rh(
D) - red blood cells coated with anti-D 
D)  B+ red blood cells coated with anti-D

Question 7

At what temperature is the incubation phase of the AHG test?

Accepted Answer

A)  22°C 
B)  37°C 
C)  4°C 
D)  56°C 
A)  22°C 
B)  37°C 
C)  4°C 
D)  56°C

Question 8

How is a 40:1 ratio of serum to cells prepared for the AHG test?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 drops of serum + 1 drop of a 5% v/v RBC suspension 
B)  1 drop of serum + 1 drop of a 5% v/v RBC suspension 
C)  2 drops of serum + 1 drop of a 5% v/v RBC suspension 
D)  1 drop of serum + 5 drops of a 5% v/v RBC suspension 
A)  5 drops of serum + 1 drop of a 5% v/v RBC suspension 
B)  1 drop of serum + 1 drop of a 5% v/v RBC suspension 
C)  2 drops of serum + 1 drop of a 5% v/v RBC suspension 
D)  1 drop of serum + 5 drops of a 5% v/v RBC suspension

Question 9

How many IgG molecules must be present on the red blood cell for a positive IAT to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  100 
C)  50 
D)  500 
A)  10 
B)  100 
C)  50 
D)  500

Question 10

Why is incubation omitted in the direct AHG test?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polyspecific AHG contains a higher dose of anti-IgG. 
B)  Incubation will cause lysis of red blood cells. 
C)  Incubation elutes complement components from red blood cells. 
D)  In vivo antigen antibody complex is already formed. 
A)  Polyspecific AHG contains a higher dose of anti-IgG. 
B)  Incubation will cause lysis of red blood cells. 
C)  Incubation elutes complement components from red blood cells. 
D)  In vivo antigen antibody complex is already formed.

Question 11

What class of antibody can be present in AHG?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG 
B)  IgM 
C)  IgA 
D)  All of the above 
A)  IgG 
B)  IgM 
C)  IgA 
D)  All of the above

Question 12

The antihuman globulin (AHG) test was discovered in 1945 by whom?

Accepted Answer

A)  Landsteiner 
B)  Mollison 
C)  Coombs 
D)  Sanger 
A)  Landsteiner 
B)  Mollison 
C)  Coombs 
D)  Sanger

Question 13

All of the following are important in evaluating a positive DAT except:

Accepted Answer

A)  patient diagnosis. 
B)  drug therapy. 
C)  transfusion history. 
D)  donation history. 
A)  patient diagnosis. 
B)  drug therapy. 
C)  transfusion history. 
D)  donation history.

Question 14

In preparing anti-IgG, how is excess antibody removed for titer adjustment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elution 
B)  Adsorption 
C)  Block titration 
D)  Dilution 
A)  Elution 
B)  Adsorption 
C)  Block titration 
D)  Dilution

Question 15

What is the optimal temperature for complement activation?

Accepted Answer

A)  58°C 
B)  37°C 
C)  4°C 
D)  22°C 
A)  58°C 
B)  37°C 
C)  4°C 
D)  22°C

Question 16

An advantage of monoclonal anti-C3 over polyclonal anti-C3 is:

Accepted Answer

A)  with monoclonal anti-C3, the antibody potency can be controlled. 
B)  contamination with anti-IgG is avoided with anti-C3. 
C)  with monoclonal anti-C3, antibody to immunoglobulin light chains are eliminated. 
D)  false-positives caused by cold agglutinins are avoided with anti-C3. 
A)  with monoclonal anti-C3, the antibody potency can be controlled. 
B)  contamination with anti-IgG is avoided with anti-C3. 
C)  with monoclonal anti-C3, antibody to immunoglobulin light chains are eliminated. 
D)  false-positives caused by cold agglutinins are avoided with anti-C3.

Question 17

What is the action of PEG?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reduces ionic strength to allow for faster antibody uptake 
B)  Its macromolecules allow for closer contact of antibody-coated RBCs 
C)  Increases the serum-to-cell ratio 
D)  Removes water molecules, thereby concentrating antibody 
A)  Reduces ionic strength to allow for faster antibody uptake 
B)  Its macromolecules allow for closer contact of antibody-coated RBCs 
C)  Increases the serum-to-cell ratio 
D)  Removes water molecules, thereby concentrating antibody

Question 18

Why are check cells added to all negative reactions in the AHG test?

Accepted Answer

A)  To ensure AHG was not neutralized by free globulin molecules 
B)  To wash away any unbound antibody 
C)  To increase the cell-to-serum ratio 
D)  To bring the antibody closer to the antigen in the test system 
A)  To ensure AHG was not neutralized by free globulin molecules 
B)  To wash away any unbound antibody 
C)  To increase the cell-to-serum ratio 
D)  To bring the antibody closer to the antigen in the test system

Question 19

If not labeled "gamma heavy chain-specific," monospecific anti-IgG may contain antibodies to:

Accepted Answer

A)  immunoglobulin light chains. 
B)  alpha heavy chains. 
C)  mu heavy chains. 
D)  C3d. 
A)  immunoglobulin light chains. 
B)  alpha heavy chains. 
C)  mu heavy chains. 
D)  C3d.

Question 20

Most clinically significant blood group antibodies are of which IgG subclasses?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG1 and IgG2 
B)  IgG1 and IgG3 
C)  IgG2 and IgG3 
D)  IgG2 and IgG4 
A)  IgG1 and IgG2 
B)  IgG1 and IgG3 
C)  IgG2 and IgG3 
D)  IgG2 and IgG4

Exam 5: The Antiglobulin Test

Which of the following antibodies is least likely to bind complement?

Which of the following is not a clinical application for a direct antiglobulin test?

You are performing an IAT, and you are suspicious of the results. It appears there may be a weak alloantibody present. You decide to repeat the test, and at the LISS stage you decide to add an extra two drops of serum to each tube being tested. What can you expect to happen?

The indirect antiglobulin test detects which antigen-antibody reactions?

How would a negative IAT be demonstrated in solid phase methodology?

What do "check cells" contain?

At what temperature is the incubation phase of the AHG test?

How is a 40:1 ratio of serum to cells prepared for the AHG test?

How many IgG molecules must be present on the red blood cell for a positive IAT to occur?

Why is incubation omitted in the direct AHG test?

What class of antibody can be present in AHG?

The antihuman globulin (AHG) test was discovered in 1945 by whom?

All of the following are important in evaluating a positive DAT except:

In preparing anti-IgG, how is excess antibody removed for titer adjustment?

What is the optimal temperature for complement activation?

An advantage of monoclonal anti-C3 over polyclonal anti-C3 is:

What is the action of PEG?

Why are check cells added to all negative reactions in the AHG test?

If not labeled "gamma heavy chain-specific," monospecific anti-IgG may contain antibodies to:

Most clinically significant blood group antibodies are of which IgG subclasses?

Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends

Basic Genetics

Fundamentals of Immunology

Concepts in Molecular Biology

The Abo Blood Group System

The RH Blood Group System

Blood Group Terminology and the Other Blood Groups

Detection and Identification of Antibodies

Pre-Transfusion Testing

Overview of the Routine Blood Bank Laboratory

Other Technologies and Automation

Donor Screening and Component Preparation

Apheresis

Transfusion Therapy

Cellular Therapy

Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

The Hla System

Relationship Testing

Quality Management

Transfusion Safety and Federal Regulatory Requirements

Utilization Management

Laboratory Information Systems

Medicolegal and Ethical Aspects of Providing Blood Collection and Transfusion Services

Tissue Banking: A New Role for the Transfusion Service

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