Question 1

In this technique, fluorescent probes are used to detect homologous DNA or RNA sequences in chromosomes or intact cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  PCR 
B)  FISH 
C)  RFLP 
D)  DNA sequencing 
A)  PCR 
B)  FISH 
C)  RFLP 
D)  DNA sequencing B

Question 2

In nucleic acid hybridization, nucleic acid hybrids can be formed between______________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  two strands of DNA 
B)  two strands of RNA 
C)  one strand of RNA and one strand of DNA 
D)  all of the above 
A)  two strands of DNA 
B)  two strands of RNA 
C)  one strand of RNA and one strand of DNA 
D)  all of the above D

Question 3

Gel electrophoresis is a useful tool in DNA cloning. At a neutral pH, when voltage is applied, DNA fragments will migrate toward the anode because:

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA is negatively charged due to its glycine backbone. 
B)  DNA is negatively charged due to its phosphate backbone. 
C)  DNA is positively charged due to its glycine backbone. 
D)  DNA is positively charged due to its phosphate backbone. 
A)  DNA is negatively charged due to its glycine backbone. 
B)  DNA is negatively charged due to its phosphate backbone. 
C)  DNA is positively charged due to its glycine backbone. 
D)  DNA is positively charged due to its phosphate backbone. B

Question 4

All of the following are examples of recombinant proteins used in transfusion medicine except:

Accepted Answer

A)  G-CSF. 
B)  stem cell factor. 
C)  epoetin alpha. 
D)  factor VIII. 
A)  G-CSF. 
B)  stem cell factor. 
C)  epoetin alpha. 
D)  factor VIII.

Question 5

How can genomic DNA be obtained?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with a hypotonic solution and proteinase K 
B)  Lysis of bone marrow mononuclear cells with a hypertonic solution and proteinase K 
C)  Lysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with an isotonic solution and proteinase K 
D)  Lysis of bone marrow mononuclear cells with an isotonic solution and proteinase K 
A)  Lysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with a hypotonic solution and proteinase K 
B)  Lysis of bone marrow mononuclear cells with a hypertonic solution and proteinase K 
C)  Lysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with an isotonic solution and proteinase K 
D)  Lysis of bone marrow mononuclear cells with an isotonic solution and proteinase K

Question 6

All of the following make up three branches of molecular biology related to transfusion medicine except:

Accepted Answer

A)  molecular genetics. 
B)  biotechnology. 
C)  molecular diagnostics. 
D)  paternity. 
A)  molecular genetics. 
B)  biotechnology. 
C)  molecular diagnostics. 
D)  paternity.

Question 7

In the science of trans-blotting techniques, Southern is to DNA as Western is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  enzymes. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  proteins. 
A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  enzymes. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  proteins.

Question 8

Which of the following sequences is recognized by ecoRI?

Accepted Answer

A)  5'GAATTC3' 
B)  5'CTCTTG3' 
C)  5'CGCG3' 
D)  5'AGCT3' 
A)  5'GAATTC3' 
B)  5'CTCTTG3' 
C)  5'CGCG3' 
D)  5'AGCT3'

Question 9

Which of the following is representative of the lagging strand in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase catalyzes a primer that provides the 3'OH to which DNA polymerase III can add nucleotides. 
B)  DNA polymerase catalyzes a primer that provides the 5'OH to which RNA polymerase can add nucleotides. 
C)  DNA telomerase catalyzes a primer that provides the 3'OH to which RNA polymerase can add nucleotides. 
D)  DNA ligase catalyzes a primer that provides the 5'OH to which RNA polymerase can add nucleotides. 
A)  RNA polymerase catalyzes a primer that provides the 3'OH to which DNA polymerase III can add nucleotides. 
B)  DNA polymerase catalyzes a primer that provides the 5'OH to which RNA polymerase can add nucleotides. 
C)  DNA telomerase catalyzes a primer that provides the 3'OH to which RNA polymerase can add nucleotides. 
D)  DNA ligase catalyzes a primer that provides the 5'OH to which RNA polymerase can add nucleotides.

Question 10

Risks for using retroviruses, adenoviruses, and lentiviruses as vectors in gene therapy include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  the exogenous gene may cause disease if overexpressed or expressed in certain cell types. 
B)  contaminants may be introduced during vector manufacture. 
C)  antitumor responses by overexpression of cytokines may occur. 
D)  there is a potential for recombination of gene therapy vectors with human endogenous sequences. 
A)  the exogenous gene may cause disease if overexpressed or expressed in certain cell types. 
B)  contaminants may be introduced during vector manufacture. 
C)  antitumor responses by overexpression of cytokines may occur. 
D)  there is a potential for recombination of gene therapy vectors with human endogenous sequences.

Question 11

What blood grouping information can be ascertained from RFLP analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rh factor 
B)  HLA phenotype 
C)  Sda 
D)  Polyagglutination 
A)  Rh factor 
B)  HLA phenotype 
C)  Sda 
D)  Polyagglutination

Question 12

What is a major advantage of PCR?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primers can be reused. 
B)  It uses a small amount of DNA. 
C)  Probes can come from several sources. 
D)  DNA can be single stranded. 
A)  Primers can be reused. 
B)  It uses a small amount of DNA. 
C)  Probes can come from several sources. 
D)  DNA can be single stranded.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transcription mediated amplification is a form of NAT. 
B)  Serological testing for antibodies shortens the pre-conversion window period for testing the safety of donor units for the national blood supply. 
C)  PCR and ligase chain reaction are both examples of NAT. 
D)  NAT allows the detection of pathogens before the appearance of testable immune response. 
A)  Transcription mediated amplification is a form of NAT. 
B)  Serological testing for antibodies shortens the pre-conversion window period for testing the safety of donor units for the national blood supply. 
C)  PCR and ligase chain reaction are both examples of NAT. 
D)  NAT allows the detection of pathogens before the appearance of testable immune response.

Question 14

Single-stranded RNA can be transcribed into single-stranded DNA by what enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polymerase 
B)  DNAse 
C)  Reverse transcriptase 
D)  Endonuclease 
A)  Polymerase 
B)  DNAse 
C)  Reverse transcriptase 
D)  Endonuclease

Question 15

An advantage to cloning using the polymerase chain reaction is that it can be done completely .

Accepted Answer

A)  in vitro 
B)  in vivo 
C)  in situ 
D)  in utero 
A)  in vitro 
B)  in vivo 
C)  in situ 
D)  in utero

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the principle of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Migration of proteins in an electrical field 
B)  Amplification of RNA using two oligonucleotide primers that hybridize to opposite DNA strands 
C)  Amplification of DNA using two oligonucleotide primers that hybridize to opposite DNA strands, isolating a particular segment 
D)  Enzymatic cleavage of proteins for DNA sequencing 
A)  Migration of proteins in an electrical field 
B)  Amplification of RNA using two oligonucleotide primers that hybridize to opposite DNA strands 
C)  Amplification of DNA using two oligonucleotide primers that hybridize to opposite DNA strands, isolating a particular segment 
D)  Enzymatic cleavage of proteins for DNA sequencing

Question 17

Southern blotting techniques are mostly being replaced by ______________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  Northern blotting techniques 
B)  Eastern blotting techniques 
C)  polymerase chain reaction-based methods 
D)  all of the above 
A)  Northern blotting techniques 
B)  Eastern blotting techniques 
C)  polymerase chain reaction-based methods 
D)  all of the above

Question 18

All of the following are examples of vectors except:

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmids. 
B)  lambdas. 
C)  cosmids. 
D)  chirons. 
A)  plasmids. 
B)  lambdas. 
C)  cosmids. 
D)  chirons.

Question 19

What are ddNTPs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates 
B)  Dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphates 
C)  Deaminase deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates 
D)  Dodecyl deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates 
A)  Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates 
B)  Dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphates 
C)  Deaminase deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates 
D)  Dodecyl deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates

Question 20

What is the function of helicases and gyrases in the polymerase chain reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  To unwind the DNA 
B)  To anneal to cDNA sequences 
C)  To extend the primer sequence 
D)  To generate blunt-ended, double-stranded products 
A)  To unwind the DNA 
B)  To anneal to cDNA sequences 
C)  To extend the primer sequence 
D)  To generate blunt-ended, double-stranded products

Exam 4: Concepts in Molecular Biology

In this technique, fluorescent probes are used to detect homologous DNA or RNA sequences in chromosomes or intact cells.

In nucleic acid hybridization, nucleic acid hybrids can be formed between______________ .

Gel electrophoresis is a useful tool in DNA cloning. At a neutral pH, when voltage is applied, DNA fragments will migrate toward the anode because:

All of the following are examples of recombinant proteins used in transfusion medicine except:

How can genomic DNA be obtained?

All of the following make up three branches of molecular biology related to transfusion medicine except:

In the science of trans-blotting techniques, Southern is to DNA as Western is to:

Which of the following sequences is recognized by ecoRI?

Which of the following is representative of the lagging strand in DNA replication?

Risks for using retroviruses, adenoviruses, and lentiviruses as vectors in gene therapy include all of the following except:

What blood grouping information can be ascertained from RFLP analysis?

What is a major advantage of PCR?

Which of the following statements is false?

Single-stranded RNA can be transcribed into single-stranded DNA by what enzyme?

An advantage to cloning using the polymerase chain reaction is that it can be done completely .

Which of the following best describes the principle of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Southern blotting techniques are mostly being replaced by ______________ .

All of the following are examples of vectors except:

What are ddNTPs?

What is the function of helicases and gyrases in the polymerase chain reaction?

Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends

Basic Genetics

Fundamentals of Immunology

The Antiglobulin Test

The Abo Blood Group System

The RH Blood Group System

Blood Group Terminology and the Other Blood Groups

Detection and Identification of Antibodies

Pre-Transfusion Testing

Overview of the Routine Blood Bank Laboratory

Other Technologies and Automation

Donor Screening and Component Preparation

Apheresis

Transfusion Therapy

Cellular Therapy

Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

The Hla System

Relationship Testing

Quality Management

Transfusion Safety and Federal Regulatory Requirements

Utilization Management

Laboratory Information Systems

Medicolegal and Ethical Aspects of Providing Blood Collection and Transfusion Services

Tissue Banking: A New Role for the Transfusion Service

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