Question 1

Alcohol abuse is the most common cause of toxic myopathy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Cutaneous,sinus,ear,and dental infections are primary sources of bacteria in hematogenous bone infections.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

_____ is a chronic,inflammatory joint disease characterized by stiffening and fusion of the spine and sacroiliac joints.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ankylosing spondylitis 
B)  Rheumatoid arthritis 
C)  Paget disease 
D)  Fibromyalgia 
A)  Ankylosing spondylitis 
B)  Rheumatoid arthritis 
C)  Paget disease 
D)  Fibromyalgia

Question 4

MATCHING
Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics.
-Myositis

Accepted Answer

A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics,particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses,bacteria,and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairs the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease 
A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics,particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses,bacteria,and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairs the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease

Question 5

Healthy young women can gain bone mass up to and through the second decade of life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

MATCHING
Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics.
-Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency

Accepted Answer

A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics,particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses,bacteria,and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairs the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease 
A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics,particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses,bacteria,and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairs the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease

Question 7

In osteoarthritis,what is the effect of the disruption of the pumping action of proteoglycans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pump malfunction stimulates the induction of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)and nitric oxide (NO),which degrade the cartilage. 
B)  Cartilage is damaged by proteolytic enzymes because they cannot be pumped out of the joint. 
C)  Cartilage becomes dry,brittle,and wears away because fluid cannot be pumped into the cartilage. 
D)  Cartilage takes in too much fluid and is unable to withstand the stresses of weight bearing. 
A)  Pump malfunction stimulates the induction of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)and nitric oxide (NO),which degrade the cartilage. 
B)  Cartilage is damaged by proteolytic enzymes because they cannot be pumped out of the joint. 
C)  Cartilage becomes dry,brittle,and wears away because fluid cannot be pumped into the cartilage. 
D)  Cartilage takes in too much fluid and is unable to withstand the stresses of weight bearing.

Question 8

_____ fractures usually occur in individuals who engage in a new activity that is both strenuous and repetitive.

Accepted Answer

A)  Stress 
B)  Greenstick 
C)  Insufficiency 
D)  Pathologic 
A)  Stress 
B)  Greenstick 
C)  Insufficiency 
D)  Pathologic

Question 9

A balance between receptor activator of nuclear factor kß ligand (RANKL)and osteoprotegerin (OPG)is necessary to prevent osteoporosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which is an outcome of improper reduction or immobilization of a fractured femur?

Accepted Answer

A)  After the cast is removed,the muscles around the fracture site are weak. 
B)  The fracture healing requires 6 to 8 weeks to complete. 
C)  After the cast is removed,the skin under the cast is dry and flaky. 
D)  After the cast is removed,the bone is not straight. 
A)  After the cast is removed,the muscles around the fracture site are weak. 
B)  The fracture healing requires 6 to 8 weeks to complete. 
C)  After the cast is removed,the skin under the cast is dry and flaky. 
D)  After the cast is removed,the bone is not straight.

Question 11

What is the diagnosis of a person who has tennis elbow characterized by tissue degeneration or irritation of the extensor carpi brevis tendon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lateral epicondylitis 
B)  Medial epicondylitis 
C)  Bursitis 
D)  Lateral tendonitis 
E)  Medial tendonitis 
A)  Lateral epicondylitis 
B)  Medial epicondylitis 
C)  Bursitis 
D)  Lateral tendonitis 
E)  Medial tendonitis

Question 12

Considering the pathophysiology of osteoporosis,what are the effects of extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs)and receptor activator of nuclear factor kß ligand (RANKL)on osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

A)  ERKs increase the life span of osteoclasts and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoblasts. 
B)  ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoclasts and decrease the life span of osteoblasts. 
C)  ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoblasts and decrease the life span of osteoclasts. 
D)  ERKs increase the life span of osteoblasts and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoclasts. 
A)  ERKs increase the life span of osteoclasts and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoblasts. 
B)  ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoclasts and decrease the life span of osteoblasts. 
C)  ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoblasts and decrease the life span of osteoclasts. 
D)  ERKs increase the life span of osteoblasts and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoclasts.

Question 13

In ankylosing spondylitis,what is the antigen that is presented to the CD8+ T cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Synovium 
B)  Cartilage 
C)  Tendons 
D)  Ligaments 
A)  Synovium 
B)  Cartilage 
C)  Tendons 
D)  Ligaments

Question 14

Osteomyelitis is a bone infection only caused by bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kß ligand (RANKL)expression is inversely correlated with serum level of 17 ß-estradiol (i.e. ,with estradiol deficiency,RANKL is increased).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

_____ is the temporary displacement of two bones in which the bone surfaces partially lose contact.

Accepted Answer

A)  Dislocation 
B)  Subluxation 
C)  Malunion 
D)  Nonunion 
A)  Dislocation 
B)  Subluxation 
C)  Malunion 
D)  Nonunion

Question 17

Which are characteristics of osteosarcoma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slow growing tumor that begins in the bone marrow and infiltrates the trabeculae. 
B)  Solitary tumor that most often affects the metaphyseal region of the femur or tibia. 
C)  An aggressive tumor most often found in the bone marrow of long bones. 
D)  A tumor that infiltrates the trabeculae in spongy bone and implants in surrounding tissue by seeding. 
A)  Slow growing tumor that begins in the bone marrow and infiltrates the trabeculae. 
B)  Solitary tumor that most often affects the metaphyseal region of the femur or tibia. 
C)  An aggressive tumor most often found in the bone marrow of long bones. 
D)  A tumor that infiltrates the trabeculae in spongy bone and implants in surrounding tissue by seeding.

Question 18

What are characteristics of inflammatory joint disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unilateral joint involvement 
B)  Normal joint synovial fluid 
C)  Absence of synovial membrane inflammation 
D)  Systemic symptoms are prevalent (e.g. ,fatigue,fever) 
A)  Unilateral joint involvement 
B)  Normal joint synovial fluid 
C)  Absence of synovial membrane inflammation 
D)  Systemic symptoms are prevalent (e.g. ,fatigue,fever)

Question 19

How do people usually describe the pain associated with tendon and ligament injuries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dull and diffuse pain that persists over the distribution of the tendon or ligament 
B)  Sharp and localized pain that persists over the distribution of the tendon or ligament 
C)  Pins and needle sensations distal to injury on movement 
D)  Intermittent aching pain over the distribution of the tendon or ligament 
A)  Dull and diffuse pain that persists over the distribution of the tendon or ligament 
B)  Sharp and localized pain that persists over the distribution of the tendon or ligament 
C)  Pins and needle sensations distal to injury on movement 
D)  Intermittent aching pain over the distribution of the tendon or ligament

Question 20

A tear in a ligament is known as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  fracture. 
B)  strain. 
C)  disunion. 
D)  sprain. 
A)  fracture. 
B)  strain. 
C)  disunion. 
D)  sprain.

Exam 40: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alcohol abuse is the most common cause of toxic myopathy.

Cutaneous,sinus,ear,and dental infections are primary sources of bacteria in hematogenous bone infections.

_____ is a chronic,inflammatory joint disease characterized by stiffening and fusion of the spine and sacroiliac joints.

MATCHING Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics. -Myositis

Healthy young women can gain bone mass up to and through the second decade of life.

MATCHING Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics. -Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency

In osteoarthritis,what is the effect of the disruption of the pumping action of proteoglycans?

_____ fractures usually occur in individuals who engage in a new activity that is both strenuous and repetitive.

A balance between receptor activator of nuclear factor kß ligand (RANKL)and osteoprotegerin (OPG)is necessary to prevent osteoporosis.

Which is an outcome of improper reduction or immobilization of a fractured femur?

What is the diagnosis of a person who has tennis elbow characterized by tissue degeneration or irritation of the extensor carpi brevis tendon?

Considering the pathophysiology of osteoporosis,what are the effects of extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs)and receptor activator of nuclear factor kß ligand (RANKL)on osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

In ankylosing spondylitis,what is the antigen that is presented to the CD8+ T cells?

Osteomyelitis is a bone infection only caused by bacteria.

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kß ligand (RANKL)expression is inversely correlated with serum level of 17 ß-estradiol (i.e. ,with estradiol deficiency,RANKL is increased).

_____ is the temporary displacement of two bones in which the bone surfaces partially lose contact.

Which are characteristics of osteosarcoma?

What are characteristics of inflammatory joint disease?

How do people usually describe the pain associated with tendon and ligament injuries?

A tear in a ligament is known as a:

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Filters

A balance between receptor activator of nuclear factor _kß ligand (RANKL)and osteoprotegerin (OPG)is necessary to prevent osteoporosis.

Considering the pathophysiology of osteoporosis,what are the effects of extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs)and receptor activator of nuclear factor _kß ligand (RANKL)on osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

Receptor activator of nuclear factor _kß ligand (RANKL)expression is inversely correlated with serum level of 17 ß-estradiol (i.e. ,with estradiol deficiency,RANKL is increased).