Question 1

A person who has cholera would be expected to have which type of diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osmotic diarrhea 
B)  Secretory diarrhea 
C)  Small volume diarrhea 
D)  Motility diarrhea 
A)  Osmotic diarrhea 
B)  Secretory diarrhea 
C)  Small volume diarrhea 
D)  Motility diarrhea

Question 2

Chronic gastritis of the fundus occurs more frequently than chronic gastritis of the antrum.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Hepatic fat accumulation is seen in _____ cirrhosis.

Accepted Answer

A)  biliary 
B)  metabolic 
C)  postnecrotic 
D)  alcohol 
A)  biliary 
B)  metabolic 
C)  postnecrotic 
D)  alcohol

Question 4

Individuals with chronic hepatitis C are at increased risk for hepatic cancer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which statement is false about the contributing factors to duodenal ulcers?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are a greater than usual number of parietal cells in the gastric mucosA. 
B)  Gastric emptying is slowed causing greater exposure of the mucosa to acid. 
C)  High serum gastrin levels remain high longer than normal after eating. 
D)  Failure of the feedback mechanism occurs,whereas acid in the gastric antrum inhibits gastrin release. 
A)  There are a greater than usual number of parietal cells in the gastric mucosA. 
B)  Gastric emptying is slowed causing greater exposure of the mucosa to acid. 
C)  High serum gastrin levels remain high longer than normal after eating. 
D)  Failure of the feedback mechanism occurs,whereas acid in the gastric antrum inhibits gastrin release.

Question 6

Which statement is false about how abdominal pain is produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemical mediators,such as histamine,bradykinin,and serotonin produce abdominal pain. 
B)  Edema and vascular congestion produce abdominal pain by stretching. 
C)  Ischemia caused by distention of bowel obstruction or mesenteric vessel thrombosis produce abdominal pain. 
D)  Low concentrations of anaerobes,such as streptococci,lactobacilli,staphylococci,enterobacteria,and Bacteroides,produce abdominal pain. 
A)  Chemical mediators,such as histamine,bradykinin,and serotonin produce abdominal pain. 
B)  Edema and vascular congestion produce abdominal pain by stretching. 
C)  Ischemia caused by distention of bowel obstruction or mesenteric vessel thrombosis produce abdominal pain. 
D)  Low concentrations of anaerobes,such as streptococci,lactobacilli,staphylococci,enterobacteria,and Bacteroides,produce abdominal pain.

Question 7

Which clinical manifestation is not consistent with cancer of the cecum and ascending colon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mahogany-colored blood mixed with stool 
B)  Anemia 
C)  Pain 
D)  Constipation 
A)  Mahogany-colored blood mixed with stool 
B)  Anemia 
C)  Pain 
D)  Constipation

Question 8

With losses of more than 1000 ml or more,the heart rate is greater than 100 beats/min and systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What is the most common manifestation of splenomegaly caused by portal hypertension?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leukopenia 
B)  Thrombocytopenia 
C)  Erythrocytopenia 
D)  Pancytopenia 
A)  Leukopenia 
B)  Thrombocytopenia 
C)  Erythrocytopenia 
D)  Pancytopenia

Question 10

Obesity is defined as a body mass index greater than 40.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

MATCHING
Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Inflammation creates a pattern of skip lesions that have cobblestone projections of inflamed tissue surrounded by area of ulceration.

Accepted Answer

A) Ulcerative colitis 
B) Crohn disease 
A) Ulcerative colitis 
B) Crohn disease

Question 12

The mutation of which gene occurs in cancers of the stomach,colon,liver,gallbladder,and pancreas?

Accepted Answer

A)  K-ras mutation 
B)  p53 tumor suppressor gene 
C)  myc 
D)  HER2 
A)  K-ras mutation 
B)  p53 tumor suppressor gene 
C)  myc 
D)  HER2

Question 13

Reflux esophagitis may be defined as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  immune response to gastroesophageal reflux. 
B)  inflammatory response to gastroesophageal reflux. 
C)  congenital anomaly. 
D)  secretory response to gastroesophageal reflux. 
A)  immune response to gastroesophageal reflux. 
B)  inflammatory response to gastroesophageal reflux. 
C)  congenital anomaly. 
D)  secretory response to gastroesophageal reflux.

Question 14

Functional dysphagia is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsic mechanical obstruction. 
B)  extrinsic mechanical obstruction. 
C)  a tumor. 
D)  a neural or muscular disorder. 
A)  intrinsic mechanical obstruction. 
B)  extrinsic mechanical obstruction. 
C)  a tumor. 
D)  a neural or muscular disorder.

Question 15

What regulates eating behavior,energy metabolism,and body fat mass?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anterior pituitary 
B)  Hypothalamus 
C)  Posterior pituitary 
D)  Parietal lobe 
A)  Anterior pituitary 
B)  Hypothalamus 
C)  Posterior pituitary 
D)  Parietal lobe

Question 16

Endoscopy and biopsy may show long-standing inflammatory process and gastric atrophy indicating chronic gastritis in an individual with no history of abdominal distress.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

_____ is the primary cause of duodenal ulcers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypersecretion of acid by the stomach 
B)  Hypersecretion of pepsin by the stomach 
C)  Hypersecretion of acid by the duodenum 
D)  Hypersecretion of pepsin by the duodenum 
E)  Helicobacter pylori 
A)  Hypersecretion of acid by the stomach 
B)  Hypersecretion of pepsin by the stomach 
C)  Hypersecretion of acid by the duodenum 
D)  Hypersecretion of pepsin by the duodenum 
E)  Helicobacter pylori

Question 18

MATCHING
Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Alterations in immunoglobulin A production have been found in individuals with this disorder.

Accepted Answer

A) Ulcerative colitis 
B) Crohn disease 
A) Ulcerative colitis 
B) Crohn disease

Question 19

How does intussusception cause intestinal obstruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  By telescoping of part of the intestine into another usually causing strangulation of the blood supply 
B)  By twisting the intestine on its mesenteric pedicle causing occlusion of the blood supply 
C)  By loss of peristaltic motor activity in the intestine,causing an adynamic ileus 
D)  By forming fibrin and scar tissue that attach to intestinal omentum and cause obstruction 
A)  By telescoping of part of the intestine into another usually causing strangulation of the blood supply 
B)  By twisting the intestine on its mesenteric pedicle causing occlusion of the blood supply 
C)  By loss of peristaltic motor activity in the intestine,causing an adynamic ileus 
D)  By forming fibrin and scar tissue that attach to intestinal omentum and cause obstruction

Question 20

What is the action of antiemetics,such as ondansetron and granisetron?

Accepted Answer

A)  They block the effects of 5-HT serotonin. 
B)  They block the effects of histamine 2 (H2). 
C)  They stimulate the effects of acetylcholine. 
D)  They stimulate the effects of dopamine (D2). 
A)  They block the effects of 5-HT serotonin. 
B)  They block the effects of histamine 2 (H2). 
C)  They stimulate the effects of acetylcholine. 
D)  They stimulate the effects of dopamine (D2).

Exam 37: Alterations of Digestive Function

A person who has cholera would be expected to have which type of diarrhea?

Chronic gastritis of the fundus occurs more frequently than chronic gastritis of the antrum.

Hepatic fat accumulation is seen in _____ cirrhosis.

Individuals with chronic hepatitis C are at increased risk for hepatic cancer.

Which statement is false about the contributing factors to duodenal ulcers?

Which statement is false about how abdominal pain is produced?

Which clinical manifestation is not consistent with cancer of the cecum and ascending colon?

With losses of more than 1000 ml or more,the heart rate is greater than 100 beats/min and systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.

What is the most common manifestation of splenomegaly caused by portal hypertension?

Obesity is defined as a body mass index greater than 40.

MATCHING Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Inflammation creates a pattern of skip lesions that have cobblestone projections of inflamed tissue surrounded by area of ulceration.

The mutation of which gene occurs in cancers of the stomach,colon,liver,gallbladder,and pancreas?

Reflux esophagitis may be defined as a(n):

Functional dysphagia is caused by:

What regulates eating behavior,energy metabolism,and body fat mass?

Endoscopy and biopsy may show long-standing inflammatory process and gastric atrophy indicating chronic gastritis in an individual with no history of abdominal distress.

_____ is the primary cause of duodenal ulcers.

MATCHING Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Alterations in immunoglobulin A production have been found in individuals with this disorder.

How does intussusception cause intestinal obstruction?

What is the action of antiemetics,such as ondansetron and granisetron?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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