Question 1

Frank bleeding of the rectum is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  melenA. 
B)  hematochezia. 
C)  occult bleeding. 
D)  hematemesis. 
A)  melenA. 
B)  hematochezia. 
C)  occult bleeding. 
D)  hematemesis.

Question 2

MATCHING
Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Susceptibility determined by discovery of NOD2/CARD15 gene on chromosome 16.

Accepted Answer

A) Ulcerative colitis 
B) Crohn disease 
A) Ulcerative colitis 
B) Crohn disease

Question 3

Which inflammatory cytokines are released in chronic gastritis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-),interleukins (IL-6,IL-8,IL-10),and leukotrienes 
B)  Colony-stimulating factor (CSF),interleukins (IL-1,IL-5,IL-7),and prostaglandins 
C)  Interferon alpha (IFN-),interleukins (IL-2,IL-12,IL-18),and serotonin 
D)  Gastric-stimulating factor (GSF),interleukins (IL-4,IL-9,IL-11),and bradykinin 
A)  Tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-),interleukins (IL-6,IL-8,IL-10),and leukotrienes 
B)  Colony-stimulating factor (CSF),interleukins (IL-1,IL-5,IL-7),and prostaglandins 
C)  Interferon alpha (IFN-),interleukins (IL-2,IL-12,IL-18),and serotonin 
D)  Gastric-stimulating factor (GSF),interleukins (IL-4,IL-9,IL-11),and bradykinin

Question 4

MATCHING
Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Colonic epithelial immunoglobulin G (IgG)antibodies have been identified in sera of individuals with this disorder.

Accepted Answer

A) Ulcerative colitis 
B) Crohn disease 
A) Ulcerative colitis 
B) Crohn disease

Question 5

Parietal pain is diffuse because nerve endings in abdominal organs are sparse and multisegmented.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which characteristic is consistent with dumping syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Usually responds well to dietary management 
B)  Occurs 1 to 2 hours after eating,most commonly 
C)  Is seen following intestinal surgery 
D)  Can result in alkaline reflux gastritis 
A)  Usually responds well to dietary management 
B)  Occurs 1 to 2 hours after eating,most commonly 
C)  Is seen following intestinal surgery 
D)  Can result in alkaline reflux gastritis

Question 7

Older adults experience which clinical manifestations of chronic gastritis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemorrhage or perforation 
B)  Epigastric pain relieved by ingestion of food 
C)  Chronic intermittent pain in the epigastric area 
D)  Epigastric pain that interrupts sleep 
A)  Hemorrhage or perforation 
B)  Epigastric pain relieved by ingestion of food 
C)  Chronic intermittent pain in the epigastric area 
D)  Epigastric pain that interrupts sleep

Question 8

Normal bowel habits range from two or three evacuations per day to one per:

Accepted Answer

A)  day. 
B)  2 days. 
C)  week. 
D)  month. 
A)  day. 
B)  2 days. 
C)  week. 
D)  month.

Question 9

Primary biliary cirrhosis can be a result of gallstones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Chronic gastritis tends to occur in older adults and causes thinning and degeneration of the stomach wall.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which statement is false about the pathophysiology of alcoholic cirrhosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inflammation and damage leading to cirrhosis begin in the bile canaliculi. 
B)  Alcohol is transformed to acetaldehyde,which promotes liver fibrosis. 
C)  Mitochondrial function is impaired,decreasing oxidation of fatty acids. 
D)  Acetaldehyde inhibits export of proteins from the liver. 
A)  Inflammation and damage leading to cirrhosis begin in the bile canaliculi. 
B)  Alcohol is transformed to acetaldehyde,which promotes liver fibrosis. 
C)  Mitochondrial function is impaired,decreasing oxidation of fatty acids. 
D)  Acetaldehyde inhibits export of proteins from the liver.

Question 12

Hepatitis A is transmitted through infected blood and other body fluids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Because patterns of bowel evacuation differ greatly among individuals,constipation must be individually defined.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which statement is false about the sources of increased ammonia that contribute to hepatic encephalopathy?

Accepted Answer

A)  End products of intestinal protein digestion 
B)  Digested blood leaking from ruptured varices 
C)  Accumulation of short chain fatty acids attaches to ammonia 
D)  Ammonia-forming bacteria in the colon 
A)  End products of intestinal protein digestion 
B)  Digested blood leaking from ruptured varices 
C)  Accumulation of short chain fatty acids attaches to ammonia 
D)  Ammonia-forming bacteria in the colon

Question 15

Ammonia formation may increase hepatic encephalopathy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which statement is false about the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Impaired excretion of sodium by the kidneys promotes water retention. 
B)  Decreased oncotic pressure and increased hepatic sinusoidal hydrostatic pressure causes movement fluid into the peritoneal cavity. 
C)  Decreased blood flow to the kidneys activates aldosterone,which retains sodium. 
D)  Circulating nitric oxide causes vasoconstriction,which forces fluid from the capillaries into the peritoneal cavity. 
A)  Impaired excretion of sodium by the kidneys promotes water retention. 
B)  Decreased oncotic pressure and increased hepatic sinusoidal hydrostatic pressure causes movement fluid into the peritoneal cavity. 
C)  Decreased blood flow to the kidneys activates aldosterone,which retains sodium. 
D)  Circulating nitric oxide causes vasoconstriction,which forces fluid from the capillaries into the peritoneal cavity.

Question 17

MATCHING
Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Inflammation develops in crypts of Lieberkühn in the large intestine.

Accepted Answer

A) Ulcerative colitis 
B) Crohn disease 
A) Ulcerative colitis 
B) Crohn disease

Question 18

Which statement is false about the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pancreatic acinar cells metabolize ethanol,which generates toxic metabolites. 
B)  Injury to the pancreatic acinar cells permit leakage of pancreatic enzymes,which digest pancreatic tissue. 
C)  Acute pancreatitis is an autoimmune disease in which immunoglobulins G (IgG)coats the pancreatic acinar cells so they are destroyed by the pancreatic enzymes. 
D)  When gallstones are present,bile flows into the pancreas contributing to attacks. 
A)  Pancreatic acinar cells metabolize ethanol,which generates toxic metabolites. 
B)  Injury to the pancreatic acinar cells permit leakage of pancreatic enzymes,which digest pancreatic tissue. 
C)  Acute pancreatitis is an autoimmune disease in which immunoglobulins G (IgG)coats the pancreatic acinar cells so they are destroyed by the pancreatic enzymes. 
D)  When gallstones are present,bile flows into the pancreas contributing to attacks.

Question 19

Which intestinal obstruction occurs most commonly in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diverticulosis 
B)  Tumor 
C)  Volvulus 
D)  Adhesions 
A)  Diverticulosis 
B)  Tumor 
C)  Volvulus 
D)  Adhesions

Question 20

Hepatitis B is a sexually transmitted disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 37: Alterations of Digestive Function

Frank bleeding of the rectum is called:

MATCHING Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Susceptibility determined by discovery of NOD2/CARD15 gene on chromosome 16.

Which inflammatory cytokines are released in chronic gastritis?

MATCHING Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Colonic epithelial immunoglobulin G (IgG)antibodies have been identified in sera of individuals with this disorder.

Parietal pain is diffuse because nerve endings in abdominal organs are sparse and multisegmented.

Which characteristic is consistent with dumping syndrome?

Older adults experience which clinical manifestations of chronic gastritis?

Normal bowel habits range from two or three evacuations per day to one per:

Primary biliary cirrhosis can be a result of gallstones.

Chronic gastritis tends to occur in older adults and causes thinning and degeneration of the stomach wall.

Which statement is false about the pathophysiology of alcoholic cirrhosis?

Hepatitis A is transmitted through infected blood and other body fluids.

Because patterns of bowel evacuation differ greatly among individuals,constipation must be individually defined.

Which statement is false about the sources of increased ammonia that contribute to hepatic encephalopathy?

Ammonia formation may increase hepatic encephalopathy.

Which statement is false about the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?

MATCHING Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Inflammation develops in crypts of Lieberkühn in the large intestine.

Which statement is false about the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis?

Which intestinal obstruction occurs most commonly in the small intestine?

Hepatitis B is a sexually transmitted disease.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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