Question 1

Which drugs can bypass the requirement for cellular excitation and cause a release of catecholamines independently of nerve cell firing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amphetamine and methamphetamine 
B)  Dopamine and tyrosine 
C)  Clonidine and lofexidine 
D)  Albuterol and levalbuterol 
A)  Amphetamine and methamphetamine 
B)  Dopamine and tyrosine 
C)  Clonidine and lofexidine 
D)  Albuterol and levalbuterol

Question 2

Patients with Parkinson's disease patients are often administered a catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor because COMT

Accepted Answer

A)  interacts poorly with other drugs frequently used to treat Parkinson's disease. 
B)  metabolizes a major portion of the administered l-DOPA before it reaches the brain. 
C)  prevents the conversion of tyrosine to DOPA. 
D)  builds up very quickly in the body and can lead to adverse reactions. 
A)  interacts poorly with other drugs frequently used to treat Parkinson's disease. 
B)  metabolizes a major portion of the administered l-DOPA before it reaches the brain. 
C)  prevents the conversion of tyrosine to DOPA. 
D)  builds up very quickly in the body and can lead to adverse reactions.

Question 3

A(n) _______ inhibitor of catecholamine vesicular uptake allows some action of the target protein while the cell synthesizes new protein molecules that have not been subjected to the inhibitory drug, whereas a(n) _______ inhibitor does not.

Accepted Answer

A)  COMT; MAO 
B)  MAO; COMT 
C)  reversible; irreversible 
D)  irreversible reversible 
A)  COMT; MAO 
B)  MAO; COMT 
C)  reversible; irreversible 
D)  irreversible reversible

Question 4

Recent research indicates that supersensitivity to a drug can be reduced by _______ of striatal D2 receptor occupancy.

Accepted Answer

A)  alternating the drug of choice with placebo to allow for an increase 
B)  complete withdrawal from the drug to allow for a reduction 
C)  an increased dose of a drug to allow for increase 
D)  intermittent drug dosing to allow for a reduction 
A)  alternating the drug of choice with placebo to allow for an increase 
B)  complete withdrawal from the drug to allow for a reduction 
C)  an increased dose of a drug to allow for increase 
D)  intermittent drug dosing to allow for a reduction

Question 5

Compare and contrast the D1 and D2 receptors, including consequences of activation.

Accepted Answer

Question 6

Which statement about norepinephrine (NE) is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It acts in both the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. 
B)  It is thought to play a role in arousal. 
C)  NE terminals are found throughout the forebrain. 
D)  NE-producing cell bodies are widespread throughout the brain. 
A)  It acts in both the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. 
B)  It is thought to play a role in arousal. 
C)  NE terminals are found throughout the forebrain. 
D)  NE-producing cell bodies are widespread throughout the brain.

Question 7

D1 and D2 dopamine receptor subtypes have _______ effects on adenylyl cyclase, which synthesizes cAMP; D1 receptors _______ it, and D2 receptors _______ it.

Accepted Answer

A)  opposite inhibit; stimulate 
B)  opposite; stimulate; inhibit 
C)  similar; inhibit; also inhibit 
D)  similar; stimulate; also stimulate 
A)  opposite inhibit; stimulate 
B)  opposite; stimulate; inhibit 
C)  similar; inhibit; also inhibit 
D)  similar; stimulate; also stimulate

Question 8

The main location of noradrenergic cell bodies in the CNS is the

Accepted Answer

A)  ventral tegmental area. 
B)  locus coeruleus. 
C)  substantia nigra. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
A)  ventral tegmental area. 
B)  locus coeruleus. 
C)  substantia nigra. 
D)  hypothalamus.

Question 9

Describe the anatomy and briefly explain the function of the four main dopaminergic systems of the brain.

Accepted Answer

@#LAT-DLM&Nigrostriatal tract: Cell bodies in subs

Question 10

Which statement regarding D2 dopamine receptors is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are found only in the hypothalamus. 
B)  They function as autoreceptors. 
C)  They inhibit adenylyl cyclase and decrease the synthesis of cAMP. 
D)  They can enhance K+ channel opening via activation of a G protein. 
A)  They are found only in the hypothalamus. 
B)  They function as autoreceptors. 
C)  They inhibit adenylyl cyclase and decrease the synthesis of cAMP. 
D)  They can enhance K+ channel opening via activation of a G protein.

Question 11

The β2-adrenoreceptor agonists albuterol and levalbuterol are used to treat _______ because they _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  asthma and COPD; constrict blood vessels in the bronchial lining and reduce congestion 
B)  asthma and COPD; relax the bronchial muscles and create a wider airway 
C)  colds; constrict blood vessels in the nose and reduce congestion 
D)  hypertension; decrease the rate of contraction of the heart 
A)  asthma and COPD; constrict blood vessels in the bronchial lining and reduce congestion 
B)  asthma and COPD; relax the bronchial muscles and create a wider airway 
C)  colds; constrict blood vessels in the nose and reduce congestion 
D)  hypertension; decrease the rate of contraction of the heart

Question 12

Which feature of norepinephrine makes its action similar to that of a hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is released from the locus coeruleus into the general circulation. 
B)  It is released from the hypothalamus into the general circulation. 
C)  It is released from the adrenal glands into the general circulation. 
D)  None of the above; it does not show action similar to a hormone. 
A)  It is released from the locus coeruleus into the general circulation. 
B)  It is released from the hypothalamus into the general circulation. 
C)  It is released from the adrenal glands into the general circulation. 
D)  None of the above; it does not show action similar to a hormone.

Question 13

_______ and _______ exert their pharmacological effects by blocking monoamine reuptake.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cocaine; phenelzine 
B)  Cocaine; tricyclic antidepressants 
C)  Clonidine; tricyclic antidepressants 
D)  Clonidine; yohimbine 
A)  Cocaine; phenelzine 
B)  Cocaine; tricyclic antidepressants 
C)  Clonidine; tricyclic antidepressants 
D)  Clonidine; yohimbine

Question 14

Injections of isoproterenol and/or phenylephrine into the lateral hypothalamus of the rat show that

Accepted Answer

A)  NE is involved in hunger. 
B)  α1- and β-receptors are involved in wakefulness. 
C)  α1- and β-receptors are involved in sedation. 
D)  NE is important in pupil dilation. 
A)  NE is involved in hunger. 
B)  α1- and β-receptors are involved in wakefulness. 
C)  α1- and β-receptors are involved in sedation. 
D)  NE is important in pupil dilation.

Question 15

Working memory can be enhanced by activation of _______ in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), whereas activation of _______ in the PFC has detrimental effects on cognitive function.

Accepted Answer

A)  α1-adrenoreceptors; β1-adrenoreceptors 
B)  α2-adrenoreceptors; α1-adrenoreceptors 
C)  β2-adrenoreceptors; β1-adrenoreceptors 
D)  α2-adrenoreceptors; β1-adrenoreceptors 
A)  α1-adrenoreceptors; β1-adrenoreceptors 
B)  α2-adrenoreceptors; α1-adrenoreceptors 
C)  β2-adrenoreceptors; β1-adrenoreceptors 
D)  α2-adrenoreceptors; β1-adrenoreceptors

Question 16

β-antagonists, such as propranolol, help patients with generalized anxiety by _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  reducing some of the physical symptoms associated with anxiety. 
B)  acting directly on brain regions involved in anxiety. 
C)  increasing sympathetic nervous system activity, which makes the person feel better able to cope with anxiety-producing situations. 
D)  causing sedation. 
A)  reducing some of the physical symptoms associated with anxiety. 
B)  acting directly on brain regions involved in anxiety. 
C)  increasing sympathetic nervous system activity, which makes the person feel better able to cope with anxiety-producing situations. 
D)  causing sedation.

Question 17

Dopamine transporter knockout mice are hyperactive compared to wild-type mice because

Accepted Answer

A)  they produce more dopamine than wild-type mice. 
B)  they have fewer receptors than wild-type mice. 
C)  there is consistent activation of postsynaptic DA receptors. 
D)  they cannot synthesize dopamine. 
A)  they produce more dopamine than wild-type mice. 
B)  they have fewer receptors than wild-type mice. 
C)  there is consistent activation of postsynaptic DA receptors. 
D)  they cannot synthesize dopamine.

Question 18

The initial breakdown of catecholamines involves the enzymes

Accepted Answer

A)  catechol-O-methyltransferase and tyrosine hydroxylase. 
B)  monoamine oxidase and homovanillic acid. 
C)  catechol-O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase. 
D)  monoamine oxidase and tyrosine hydroxylase. 
A)  catechol-O-methyltransferase and tyrosine hydroxylase. 
B)  monoamine oxidase and homovanillic acid. 
C)  catechol-O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase. 
D)  monoamine oxidase and tyrosine hydroxylase.

Question 19

Activation of terminal autoreceptors inhibits dopamine release, in part, by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing Cl- entry into the terminal. 
B)  decreasing Ca2+ entry into the terminal. 
C)  preventing reuptake into vesicles. 
D)  decreasing Na+ entry into the terminal. 
A)  increasing Cl- entry into the terminal. 
B)  decreasing Ca2+ entry into the terminal. 
C)  preventing reuptake into vesicles. 
D)  decreasing Na+ entry into the terminal.

Question 20

In the treatment of hypertension, prazosin _______, whereas propranolol _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  blocks α1-receptors and causes dilation of blood vessels; blocks β-receptors in the heart and decreases the contractile force 
B)  blocks α1-receptors and causes constriction of blood vessels; activates β-receptors in the heart and increases the contractile force 
C)  activates α1-receptors and causes dilation of blood vessels; activates β-receptors in the heart and decreases the contractile force 
D)  activates α1-receptors and causes constriction of blood vessels; blocks β-receptors in the heart and increases the contractile force 
A)  blocks α1-receptors and causes dilation of blood vessels; blocks β-receptors in the heart and decreases the contractile force 
B)  blocks α1-receptors and causes constriction of blood vessels; activates β-receptors in the heart and increases the contractile force 
C)  activates α1-receptors and causes dilation of blood vessels; activates β-receptors in the heart and decreases the contractile force 
D)  activates α1-receptors and causes constriction of blood vessels; blocks β-receptors in the heart and increases the contractile force

Which drugs can bypass the requirement for cellular excitation and cause a release of catecholamines independently of nerve cell firing?

Patients with Parkinson's disease patients are often administered a catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor because COMT

A(n) _ inhibitor of catecholamine vesicular uptake allows some action of the target protein while the cell synthesizes new protein molecules that have not been subjected to the inhibitory drug, whereas a(n) _ inhibitor does not.

Recent research indicates that supersensitivity to a drug can be reduced by _______ of striatal D₂ receptor occupancy.

Compare and contrast the D₁ and D₂ receptors, including consequences of activation.

Which statement about norepinephrine (NE) is false?

D₁ and D₂ dopamine receptor subtypes have ___ effects on adenylyl cyclase, which synthesizes cAMP; D₁ receptors _ it, and D₂ receptors _____ it.

The main location of noradrenergic cell bodies in the CNS is the

Describe the anatomy and briefly explain the function of the four main dopaminergic systems of the brain.

Which statement regarding D₂ dopamine receptors is false?

The β₂-adrenoreceptor agonists albuterol and levalbuterol are used to treat _ because they _.

Which feature of norepinephrine makes its action similar to that of a hormone?

_ and _ exert their pharmacological effects by blocking monoamine reuptake.

Injections of isoproterenol and/or phenylephrine into the lateral hypothalamus of the rat show that

Working memory can be enhanced by activation of _ in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), whereas activation of _ in the PFC has detrimental effects on cognitive function.

β-antagonists, such as propranolol, help patients with generalized anxiety by _______.

Dopamine transporter knockout mice are hyperactive compared to wild-type mice because

The initial breakdown of catecholamines involves the enzymes

Activation of terminal autoreceptors inhibits dopamine release, in part, by

In the treatment of hypertension, prazosin _, whereas propranolol _.

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Exam 5: Catecholamines

Which drugs can bypass the requirement for cellular excitation and cause a release of catecholamines independently of nerve cell firing?

Patients with Parkinson's disease patients are often administered a catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor because COMT

A(n) _______ inhibitor of catecholamine vesicular uptake allows some action of the target protein while the cell synthesizes new protein molecules that have not been subjected to the inhibitory drug, whereas a(n) _______ inhibitor does not.

Recent research indicates that supersensitivity to a drug can be reduced by _______ of striatal D2 receptor occupancy.

Compare and contrast the D1 and D2 receptors, including consequences of activation.

Which statement about norepinephrine (NE) is false?

D1 and D2 dopamine receptor subtypes have _______ effects on adenylyl cyclase, which synthesizes cAMP; D1 receptors _______ it, and D2 receptors _______ it.

The main location of noradrenergic cell bodies in the CNS is the

Describe the anatomy and briefly explain the function of the four main dopaminergic systems of the brain.

Which statement regarding D2 dopamine receptors is false?

The β2-adrenoreceptor agonists albuterol and levalbuterol are used to treat _______ because they _______.

Which feature of norepinephrine makes its action similar to that of a hormone?

_______ and _______ exert their pharmacological effects by blocking monoamine reuptake.

Injections of isoproterenol and/or phenylephrine into the lateral hypothalamus of the rat show that

Working memory can be enhanced by activation of _______ in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), whereas activation of _______ in the PFC has detrimental effects on cognitive function.

β-antagonists, such as propranolol, help patients with generalized anxiety by _______.

Dopamine transporter knockout mice are hyperactive compared to wild-type mice because

The initial breakdown of catecholamines involves the enzymes

Activation of terminal autoreceptors inhibits dopamine release, in part, by

In the treatment of hypertension, prazosin _______, whereas propranolol _______.

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

A(n) _ inhibitor of catecholamine vesicular uptake allows some action of the target protein while the cell synthesizes new protein molecules that have not been subjected to the inhibitory drug, whereas a(n) _ inhibitor does not.

Recent research indicates that supersensitivity to a drug can be reduced by _______ of striatal D₂ receptor occupancy.

Compare and contrast the D₁ and D₂ receptors, including consequences of activation.

D₁ and D₂ dopamine receptor subtypes have ___ effects on adenylyl cyclase, which synthesizes cAMP; D₁ receptors _ it, and D₂ receptors _____ it.

Which statement regarding D₂ dopamine receptors is false?

The β₂-adrenoreceptor agonists albuterol and levalbuterol are used to treat _ because they _.

_ and _ exert their pharmacological effects by blocking monoamine reuptake.

Working memory can be enhanced by activation of _ in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), whereas activation of _ in the PFC has detrimental effects on cognitive function.

In the treatment of hypertension, prazosin _, whereas propranolol _.