Question 1

GABAB receptors

Accepted Answer

A)  cause potassium channel opening when stimulated. 
B)  are ionotropic. 
C)  are better studied than GABAA receptors. 
D)  exert excitatory effects on cyclic AMP. 
A)  cause potassium channel opening when stimulated. 
B)  are ionotropic. 
C)  are better studied than GABAA receptors. 
D)  exert excitatory effects on cyclic AMP.

Question 2

In the expression phase of E-LTP,

Accepted Answer

A)  tetanic stimulation occurs. 
B)  brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is released. 
C)  there is an influx of Ca2+ ions through the NMDA receptor. 
D)  AMPA receptors are removed from the membrane. 
A)  tetanic stimulation occurs. 
B)  brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is released. 
C)  there is an influx of Ca2+ ions through the NMDA receptor. 
D)  AMPA receptors are removed from the membrane.

Question 3

The NMDA receptor channel can be blocked by all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca2+ ions. 
B)  PCP. 
C)  MK-801. 
D)  ketamine. 
A)  Ca2+ ions. 
B)  PCP. 
C)  MK-801. 
D)  ketamine.

Question 4

The AMPA receptor

Accepted Answer

A)  handles most fast excitatory responses to glutamate. 
B)  is metabotropic. 
C)  opens calcium channels when activated. 
D)  is stimulated by the drug NBQX. 
A)  handles most fast excitatory responses to glutamate. 
B)  is metabotropic. 
C)  opens calcium channels when activated. 
D)  is stimulated by the drug NBQX.

Question 5

Which statement about astrocytes is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They contain glutamine synthetase. 
B)  They remove glutamate from the extracellular fluid. 
C)  They prevent excessive neuronal excitation and degeneration. 
D)  They use the transporter EAAT3. 
A)  They contain glutamine synthetase. 
B)  They remove glutamate from the extracellular fluid. 
C)  They prevent excessive neuronal excitation and degeneration. 
D)  They use the transporter EAAT3.

Question 6

LTP is most often studied in a slice preparation from which area of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cerebral cortex 
B)  Cerebellum 
C)  Thalamus 
D)  Hippocampus 
A)  Cerebral cortex 
B)  Cerebellum 
C)  Thalamus 
D)  Hippocampus

Question 7

The classic GABAA agonist _______ comes from a fungus, and the noncompetitive GABAA antagonist _______ comes from a plant.

Accepted Answer

A)  muscimol; picrotoxin 
B)  muscimol; pentylenetetrazol 
C)  baclofen; picrotoxin 
D)  bicuculline; baclofen 
A)  muscimol; picrotoxin 
B)  muscimol; pentylenetetrazol 
C)  baclofen; picrotoxin 
D)  bicuculline; baclofen

Question 8

Benzodiazepine inverse agonist drugs would be

Accepted Answer

A)  anticonvulsant. 
B)  anxiogenic. 
C)  sedating. 
D)  hypnotic. 
A)  anticonvulsant. 
B)  anxiogenic. 
C)  sedating. 
D)  hypnotic.

Question 9

Which primary neuronal glutamate transporter has a postsynaptic instead of a presynaptic localization?

Accepted Answer

A)  EAAT1 
B)  EAAT2 
C)  EAAT3 
D)  EAAT5 
A)  EAAT1 
B)  EAAT2 
C)  EAAT3 
D)  EAAT5

Question 10

Which of the following is thought to be responsible for the anticonvulsant action of neurosteriods in type II (hormone withdrawal) catamenial epilepsy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Upregulation of benzodiazepine receptors 
B)  Downregulation of benzodiazepine receptors 
C)  Upregulation of δ subunit-containing extrasynaptic GABAA receptors 
D)  Downregulation of A5 subunit-containing extrasynaptic GABAA receptors 
A)  Upregulation of benzodiazepine receptors 
B)  Downregulation of benzodiazepine receptors 
C)  Upregulation of δ subunit-containing extrasynaptic GABAA receptors 
D)  Downregulation of A5 subunit-containing extrasynaptic GABAA receptors

Question 11

In E-LTP, what happens to silent dendritic spine synapses when functional synapses are subjected to LTP?

Accepted Answer

A)  LTP leads to AMPA receptor removal from the membrane and receptor degradation. 
B)  There is an influx of Ca2+ ions into the NMDA receptor which activates AMPA receptors thereby making the silent synapses functional. 
C)  AMPA receptors in the silent synapses move into spine membrane thereby making the synapses functional. 
D)  Functional synapses suppress the transport of AMDA into silent synapses during LTP. 
A)  LTP leads to AMPA receptor removal from the membrane and receptor degradation. 
B)  There is an influx of Ca2+ ions into the NMDA receptor which activates AMPA receptors thereby making the silent synapses functional. 
C)  AMPA receptors in the silent synapses move into spine membrane thereby making the synapses functional. 
D)  Functional synapses suppress the transport of AMDA into silent synapses during LTP.

Question 12

The α4 and α6 subunits make the GABAA receptor insensitive to

Accepted Answer

A)  barbiturates. 
B)  neurosteroids. 
C)  picrotoxin. 
D)  benzodiazepines. 
A)  barbiturates. 
B)  neurosteroids. 
C)  picrotoxin. 
D)  benzodiazepines.

Question 13

Although some people experience unpleasant effects after eating the flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate (MSG) and it shows adverse effects in high doses in mice, it is generally considered safe to consume, because it

Accepted Answer

A)  never reaches the brain because it breaks down in blood circulation. 
B)  is taken up rapidly by the vesicular transporters. 
C)  only affects individuals with a rare allergy. 
D)  does not cross the blood-brain barrier. 
A)  never reaches the brain because it breaks down in blood circulation. 
B)  is taken up rapidly by the vesicular transporters. 
C)  only affects individuals with a rare allergy. 
D)  does not cross the blood-brain barrier.

Question 14

GABAB receptors are unusual because unlike other metabotropic receptors, they

Accepted Answer

A)  require glycine as a co-agonist. 
B)  require two different subunits to work properly. 
C)  simultaneously enhance Na+ channel opening and inhibit cAMP. 
D)  act as autoreceptors. 
A)  require glycine as a co-agonist. 
B)  require two different subunits to work properly. 
C)  simultaneously enhance Na+ channel opening and inhibit cAMP. 
D)  act as autoreceptors.

Question 15

A metabotropic glutamate receptor is located postsynaptically and mediates excitatory responses by stimulating the phosphoinositide second-messenger system. This receptor belongs in _______ and is either _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  group I; mGluR1 or mGluR5 
B)  group 2; mGluR2 or mGluR3 
C)  group 3; mGluR4 or mGluR6 
D)  group 3; mGluR7 or mGluR8 
A)  group I; mGluR1 or mGluR5 
B)  group 2; mGluR2 or mGluR3 
C)  group 3; mGluR4 or mGluR6 
D)  group 3; mGluR7 or mGluR8

Question 16

Glutamate plays a specific functional role in

Accepted Answer

A)  synaptic plasticity. 
B)  anxiety reduction. 
C)  seizure suppression. 
D)  the effects of benzodiazepines. 
A)  synaptic plasticity. 
B)  anxiety reduction. 
C)  seizure suppression. 
D)  the effects of benzodiazepines.

Question 17

The GABAA receptor

Accepted Answer

A)  forms channels that permit chloride to move from the inside to the outside of the cell membrane. 
B)  is composed of four subunits labeled α, β, γ, and δ. 
C)  is a metabotropic receptor that inhibits cyclic AMP formation. 
D)  is stimulated by the intoxicating drug muscimol. 
A)  forms channels that permit chloride to move from the inside to the outside of the cell membrane. 
B)  is composed of four subunits labeled α, β, γ, and δ. 
C)  is a metabotropic receptor that inhibits cyclic AMP formation. 
D)  is stimulated by the intoxicating drug muscimol.

Question 18

The findings from VGLUT knockout mice suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)  VGLUT2-expressing neurons are critical for survival. 
B)  VGLUT2-expressing neurons have no impact on offspring survival. 
C)  VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 KO are always found in the same neurons. 
D)  VGLUT5 is important in the development of the auditory system. 
A)  VGLUT2-expressing neurons are critical for survival. 
B)  VGLUT2-expressing neurons have no impact on offspring survival. 
C)  VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 KO are always found in the same neurons. 
D)  VGLUT5 is important in the development of the auditory system.

Question 19

_______ are responsible for removal of glutamate molecules from the extracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)  Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) 
B)  Vesicular transporters (VGLUTs) 
C)  Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporters (VIAATs) 
D)  Vesicular monoamine transporters (VMATs) 
A)  Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) 
B)  Vesicular transporters (VGLUTs) 
C)  Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporters (VIAATs) 
D)  Vesicular monoamine transporters (VMATs)

Question 20

Which drug(s) do(es) not enhance the effects of GABA on the GABAA receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethanol 
B)  Baclofen 
C)  Benzodiazepines 
D)  Neurosteroids 
A)  Ethanol 
B)  Baclofen 
C)  Benzodiazepines 
D)  Neurosteroids

GABA_B receptors

In the expression phase of E-LTP,

The NMDA receptor channel can be blocked by all of the following except

The AMPA receptor

Which statement about astrocytes is false?

LTP is most often studied in a slice preparation from which area of the brain?

The classic GABA_A agonist _______ comes from a fungus, and the noncompetitive GABA_A antagonist _______ comes from a plant.

Benzodiazepine inverse agonist drugs would be

Which primary neuronal glutamate transporter has a postsynaptic instead of a presynaptic localization?

Which of the following is thought to be responsible for the anticonvulsant action of neurosteriods in type II (hormone withdrawal) catamenial epilepsy?

In E-LTP, what happens to silent dendritic spine synapses when functional synapses are subjected to LTP?

The α4 and α6 subunits make the GABA_A receptor insensitive to

Although some people experience unpleasant effects after eating the flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate (MSG) and it shows adverse effects in high doses in mice, it is generally considered safe to consume, because it

GABA_B receptors are unusual because unlike other metabotropic receptors, they

A metabotropic glutamate receptor is located postsynaptically and mediates excitatory responses by stimulating the phosphoinositide second-messenger system. This receptor belongs in _ and is either _.

Glutamate plays a specific functional role in

The GABA_A receptor

The findings from VGLUT knockout mice suggest that

_______ are responsible for removal of glutamate molecules from the extracellular fluid.

Which drug(s) do(es) not enhance the effects of GABA on the GABA_A receptor?

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Exam 8: Glutamate and Gaba

GABAB receptors

In the expression phase of E-LTP,

The NMDA receptor channel can be blocked by all of the following except

The AMPA receptor

Which statement about astrocytes is false?

LTP is most often studied in a slice preparation from which area of the brain?

The classic GABAA agonist _______ comes from a fungus, and the noncompetitive GABAA antagonist _______ comes from a plant.

Benzodiazepine inverse agonist drugs would be

Which primary neuronal glutamate transporter has a postsynaptic instead of a presynaptic localization?

Which of the following is thought to be responsible for the anticonvulsant action of neurosteriods in type II (hormone withdrawal) catamenial epilepsy?

In E-LTP, what happens to silent dendritic spine synapses when functional synapses are subjected to LTP?

The α4 and α6 subunits make the GABAA receptor insensitive to

Although some people experience unpleasant effects after eating the flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate (MSG) and it shows adverse effects in high doses in mice, it is generally considered safe to consume, because it

GABAB receptors are unusual because unlike other metabotropic receptors, they

A metabotropic glutamate receptor is located postsynaptically and mediates excitatory responses by stimulating the phosphoinositide second-messenger system. This receptor belongs in _______ and is either _______.

Glutamate plays a specific functional role in

The GABAA receptor

The findings from VGLUT knockout mice suggest that

_______ are responsible for removal of glutamate molecules from the extracellular fluid.

Which drug(s) do(es) not enhance the effects of GABA on the GABAA receptor?

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

GABA_B receptors

The classic GABA_A agonist _______ comes from a fungus, and the noncompetitive GABA_A antagonist _______ comes from a plant.

The α4 and α6 subunits make the GABA_A receptor insensitive to

GABA_B receptors are unusual because unlike other metabotropic receptors, they

A metabotropic glutamate receptor is located postsynaptically and mediates excitatory responses by stimulating the phosphoinositide second-messenger system. This receptor belongs in _ and is either _.

The GABA_A receptor

Which drug(s) do(es) not enhance the effects of GABA on the GABA_A receptor?