Question 1

Besides temperature, the factor that is important for conduction, convection, and thermal radiation is

Accepted Answer

A)  thermal conductivity. 
B)  wind speed. 
C)  emissivity. 
D)  surface area. 
A)  thermal conductivity. 
B)  wind speed. 
C)  emissivity. 
D)  surface area.

Question 2

Performance curves

Accepted Answer

A)  should always be calculated acutely. 
B)  should always be calculated chronically. 
C)  are equivalent to measurements of evolutionary fitness. 
D)  can be used to calculate critical temperatures. 
A)  should always be calculated acutely. 
B)  should always be calculated chronically. 
C)  are equivalent to measurements of evolutionary fitness. 
D)  can be used to calculate critical temperatures.

Question 3

Why are antifreezes unimportant for most birds and mammals?

Accepted Answer

Most birds and mammals maintai

Question 4

Antifreezes are synthesized primarily by

Accepted Answer

A)  marine and freshwater fish. 
B)  amphibians and marine fish. 
C)  insects and marine fish. 
D)  insects and amphibians. 
A)  marine and freshwater fish. 
B)  amphibians and marine fish. 
C)  insects and marine fish. 
D)  insects and amphibians.

Question 5

Suppose that an animal is sweating profusely. The dripping of sweat off the animal's surface

Accepted Answer

A)  cools the animal due to the latent heat of condensation. 
B)  heats the animal due to the latent heat of fusion. 
C)  cools the animal due to the latent heat of vaporization. 
D)  does not contribute to heating or cooling of the animal. 
A)  cools the animal due to the latent heat of condensation. 
B)  heats the animal due to the latent heat of fusion. 
C)  cools the animal due to the latent heat of vaporization. 
D)  does not contribute to heating or cooling of the animal.

Question 6

Refer to the figure shown. One species of homeotherm under two different environmental conditions was exposed to temperature changes.
  In the following list, what is the lowest lower-critical temperature represented in this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  -50°C 
B)  -14°C 
C)  0°C 
D)  10°C 
A)  -50°C 
B)  -14°C 
C)  0°C 
D)  10°C

Question 7

Animals most commonly use _______ in terms of their thermal relationship with the environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  poikilothermy. 
B)  endothermy. 
C)  thigmothermy. 
D)  homeothermy. 
A)  poikilothermy. 
B)  endothermy. 
C)  thigmothermy. 
D)  homeothermy.

Question 8

How might a vapor barrier liner in a sleeping bag decrease a person's heat loss when camping outside in the cold?

Accepted Answer

By reducing water lo

Question 9

When carp or goldfish that are acclimated to warm temperatures are subsequently acclimated to colder temperatures, their swimming performance is impaired initially but then improves over time. Which of the following is thought to be the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shifts in myosin isoforms and shifts in isozyme forms for glycolysis and the Krebs cycle 
B)  Shifts in myosin isoforms, but no shifts in isozyme forms for glycolysis or the Krebs cycle 
C)  Shifts in isozyme forms for glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, but no shifts in myosin isoforms 
D)  Shifts in the amounts of enzymes for glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, but no shifts in myosin isoforms 
A)  Shifts in myosin isoforms and shifts in isozyme forms for glycolysis and the Krebs cycle 
B)  Shifts in myosin isoforms, but no shifts in isozyme forms for glycolysis or the Krebs cycle 
C)  Shifts in isozyme forms for glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, but no shifts in myosin isoforms 
D)  Shifts in the amounts of enzymes for glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, but no shifts in myosin isoforms

Question 10

Most animals are _______. Most endotherms are _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  endotherms; thermoregulators 
B)  ectotherms; thermoconformers 
C)  endotherms; nonthermoregulators 
D)  ectotherms; thermoregulators 
A)  endotherms; thermoregulators 
B)  ectotherms; thermoconformers 
C)  endotherms; nonthermoregulators 
D)  ectotherms; thermoregulators

Question 11

Per unit of surface area, animals emit _______ radiation than the sun; at wavelengths shorter than 3 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10m, they emit _______ radiation than the sun.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; more 
B)  more; less 
C)  less; more 
D)  less; less 
A)  more; more 
B)  more; less 
C)  less; more 
D)  less; less

Question 12

When the body temperature of ghost crabs is raised from 15°C to 24°C, resting metabolic rate and V̇O2max both increase, but the increase in V̇O2max is much greater than the increase in resting metabolic rate. Given this information, what would be the likely result if ghost crabs in nature experienced conditions that raised their typical body temperature from 15°C to 24°C?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aerobic scope and capacity for aerobic exercise would increase. 
B)  Aerobic scope and capacity for aerobic exercise would decrease. 
C)  Aerobic scope would decrease and capacity for aerobic exercise would increase. 
D)  Aerobic scope would increase and capacity for aerobic exercise would decrease. 
A)  Aerobic scope and capacity for aerobic exercise would increase. 
B)  Aerobic scope and capacity for aerobic exercise would decrease. 
C)  Aerobic scope would decrease and capacity for aerobic exercise would increase. 
D)  Aerobic scope would increase and capacity for aerobic exercise would decrease.

Question 13

Refer to the figure shown. Multiple species of poikilotherms that naturally experience different body temperatures are shown in the figure. The response of each species at multiple temperatures is plotted on the figure.
  Which line indicates the species that needs to be coldest for enzyme function to be in the range favored by evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 14

Refer to the figure shown. One species of homeotherm under two different environmental conditions was exposed to temperature changes.
  Data from which species is most likely represented in this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mouse 
B)  Naked human 
C)  Fox 
D)  Rabbit 
A)  Mouse 
B)  Naked human 
C)  Fox 
D)  Rabbit

Question 15

_______ describes the process of rewarming of the tissues of a mammal after controlled hypothermia.

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic acclimatization 
B)  Endothermy 
C)  Q10 effect 
D)  Arousal 
A)  Metabolic acclimatization 
B)  Endothermy 
C)  Q10 effect 
D)  Arousal

Question 16

Which structure has a physiological function that shares major similarities with the function of brown adipose tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stomach of lamnid sharks 
B)  Parts of the extraocular eye muscles of billfishes 
C)  Red swimming muscles in tunas 
D)  White swimming muscles in tunas 
A)  Stomach of lamnid sharks 
B)  Parts of the extraocular eye muscles of billfishes 
C)  Red swimming muscles in tunas 
D)  White swimming muscles in tunas

Question 17

For animals, an advantage of fur is that

Accepted Answer

A)  if the air it traps is motionless, heat is transferred by convection. 
B)  if the air it traps is motionless, heat is transferred by conduction. 
C)  it has a high convection coefficient. 
D)  it has a high thermal conductivity. 
A)  if the air it traps is motionless, heat is transferred by convection. 
B)  if the air it traps is motionless, heat is transferred by conduction. 
C)  it has a high convection coefficient. 
D)  it has a high thermal conductivity.

Question 18

The environmental temperature is 15°C. The internal temperature of a sphinx moth after 30 minutes of rest is _______ and the internal temperature of a sphinx moth after 30 minutes of flight is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  10°C; 15°C 
B)  15°C; 15°C 
C)  15°C; 38°C 
D)  10°C; 38°C 
A)  10°C; 15°C 
B)  15°C; 15°C 
C)  15°C; 38°C 
D)  10°C; 38°C

Question 19

A homeotherm is a

Accepted Answer

A)  nonthermoregulating poikilotherm. 
B)  thermoregulating ectotherm. 
C)  nonthermoregulating endotherm. 
D)  thermoregulating endotherm. 
A)  nonthermoregulating poikilotherm. 
B)  thermoregulating ectotherm. 
C)  nonthermoregulating endotherm. 
D)  thermoregulating endotherm.

Question 20

With respect to heat flow between animals and their environments, high conductance corresponds to _______ insulation and to _______ resistance to heat loss

Accepted Answer

A)  high; high 
B)  high; low 
C)  low; high 
D)  low; low 
A)  high; high 
B)  high; low 
C)  low; high 
D)  low; low

Exam 10: Thermal Relations

Besides temperature, the factor that is important for conduction, convection, and thermal radiation is

Performance curves

Why are antifreezes unimportant for most birds and mammals?

Antifreezes are synthesized primarily by

Suppose that an animal is sweating profusely. The dripping of sweat off the animal's surface

Refer to the figure shown. One species of homeotherm under two different environmental conditions was exposed to temperature changes. In the following list, what is the lowest lower-critical temperature represented in this figure?

Animals most commonly use _______ in terms of their thermal relationship with the environment.

How might a vapor barrier liner in a sleeping bag decrease a person's heat loss when camping outside in the cold?

When carp or goldfish that are acclimated to warm temperatures are subsequently acclimated to colder temperatures, their swimming performance is impaired initially but then improves over time. Which of the following is thought to be the most likely explanation?

Most animals are _______. Most endotherms are _______.

Per unit of surface area, animals emit _______ radiation than the sun; at wavelengths shorter than 3 m, they emit _______ radiation than the sun.

Refer to the figure shown. One species of homeotherm under two different environmental conditions was exposed to temperature changes. Data from which species is most likely represented in this figure?

_______ describes the process of rewarming of the tissues of a mammal after controlled hypothermia.

Which structure has a physiological function that shares major similarities with the function of brown adipose tissues?

For animals, an advantage of fur is that

The environmental temperature is 15°C. The internal temperature of a sphinx moth after 30 minutes of rest is _______ and the internal temperature of a sphinx moth after 30 minutes of flight is _______.

A homeotherm is a

With respect to heat flow between animals and their environments, high conductance corresponds to _______ insulation and to _______ resistance to heat loss

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters

Most animals are _. Most endotherms are _.

Per unit of surface area, animals emit _ radiation than the sun; at wavelengths shorter than 3 m, they emit _ radiation than the sun.

The environmental temperature is 15°C. The internal temperature of a sphinx moth after 30 minutes of rest is _ and the internal temperature of a sphinx moth after 30 minutes of flight is _.

With respect to heat flow between animals and their environments, high conductance corresponds to _ insulation and to _ resistance to heat loss