Question 1

The molecular species that binds and unbinds to the Na+‒K+-ATPase, causing sodium and potassium to shuttle through it, is

Accepted Answer

A)  PO42‒. 
B)  ATP. 
C)  Na+‒K+-ATPase. 
D)  ADP. 
A)  PO42‒. 
B)  ATP. 
C)  Na+‒K+-ATPase. 
D)  ADP. B

Question 2

When X increases in the Fick diffusion equation, J

Accepted Answer

A)  also increases. 
B)  decreases. 
C)  remains the same. 
D)  can increase or decrease. 
A)  also increases. 
B)  decreases. 
C)  remains the same. 
D)  can increase or decrease. B

Question 3

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which y-axis measurement would not be supported by the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Total glucose uptake 
B)  Mass-specific metabolic rate 
C)  Glucose uptake per unit surface area of small intestine 
D)  Glucose uptake per gram of animal weight 
A)  Total glucose uptake 
B)  Mass-specific metabolic rate 
C)  Glucose uptake per unit surface area of small intestine 
D)  Glucose uptake per gram of animal weight A

Question 4

In the animal cell, the overall concentration effects on Na+ diffusion cause Na+ to _______ the cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  move into 
B)  move out of 
C)  remain inside 
D)  remain outside of 
A)  move into 
B)  move out of 
C)  remain inside 
D)  remain outside of

Question 5

A 1-osmolar solution has _______ dissolved entities per liter.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 kg of 
B)  1 dalton of 
C)  1.0 × 1023 independent 
D)  6.022 × 1023 independent 
A)  1 kg of 
B)  1 dalton of 
C)  1.0 × 1023 independent 
D)  6.022 × 1023 independent

Question 6

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which substance is mostly likely being pumped at A?

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ 
B)  H+ 
C)  K+ 
D)  ATP 
A)  Na+ 
B)  H+ 
C)  K+ 
D)  ATP

Question 7

In the Fick diffusion equation, if the units of D are cm2 ∙ s‒1, which of the following best represents the units for J?

Accepted Answer

A)  Moles ∙ cm‒2 ∙ s‒1 
B)  M ∙ cm ∙ s 
C)  Moles ∙ sec‒1 
D)  M ∙ cm2 ∙ s 
A)  Moles ∙ cm‒2 ∙ s‒1 
B)  M ∙ cm ∙ s 
C)  Moles ∙ sec‒1 
D)  M ∙ cm2 ∙ s

Question 8

If a change in the voltage of a cell membrane causes all the voltage-gated Na+ channels to open, the permeability of the cell membrane to Na+ has been

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibited. 
B)  decreased. 
C)  increased. 
D)  unaffected. 
A)  inhibited. 
B)  decreased. 
C)  increased. 
D)  unaffected.

Question 9

Which statement about the transport of glucose into the gut epithelial cell through the apical membrane is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The glucose transporter on the apical membrane uses ATP-bond energy. 
B)  Glucose diffuses through the apical membrane using its own concentration gradient; therefore, it does not use any energy. 
C)  Na+ uses ATP-bond energy as it brings in glucose at the apical membrane. 
D)  ATP-bond energy is used at the Na+‒K+ pump in setting up the Na+ gradient. 
A)  The glucose transporter on the apical membrane uses ATP-bond energy. 
B)  Glucose diffuses through the apical membrane using its own concentration gradient; therefore, it does not use any energy. 
C)  Na+ uses ATP-bond energy as it brings in glucose at the apical membrane. 
D)  ATP-bond energy is used at the Na+‒K+ pump in setting up the Na+ gradient.

Question 10

In the intestine, glucose is brought into the cell membrane by

Accepted Answer

A)  simple diffusion. 
B)  active transport. 
C)  facilitated diffusion. 
D)  osmosis. 
A)  simple diffusion. 
B)  active transport. 
C)  facilitated diffusion. 
D)  osmosis.

Question 11

What is meant by the "whole-epithelium" view of active ion transport? Provide an example.

Accepted Answer

Scientists who study transport through e

Question 12

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which panel in the figure shows a voltage-gated channel?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 13

A 1-M solution of Na2SO4 has _______ a 1-M solution of glucose.

Accepted Answer

A)  one-third the osmolarity of 
B)  twice the osmolarity of 
C)  three times the osmolarity of 
D)  the same osmolarity as 
A)  one-third the osmolarity of 
B)  twice the osmolarity of 
C)  three times the osmolarity of 
D)  the same osmolarity as

Question 14

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which ion is moving into the cell via diffusion and where is it located?

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ is diffusing into the cell at I. 
B)  K+ is diffusing into the cell at I. 
C)  K+ is diffusing into the cell at V. 
D)  Na+ is diffusing into the cell at V. 
A)  Na+ is diffusing into the cell at I. 
B)  K+ is diffusing into the cell at I. 
C)  K+ is diffusing into the cell at V. 
D)  Na+ is diffusing into the cell at V.

Question 15

The movement of an amino acid across the intestinal epithelial membrane in the direction of equilibrium

Accepted Answer

A)  is passive transport. 
B)  is active transport. 
C)  could be either passive or active transport. 
D)  is neither passive or active transport. 
A)  is passive transport. 
B)  is active transport. 
C)  could be either passive or active transport. 
D)  is neither passive or active transport.

Question 16

Describe four ways in which channel and transporter proteins can be regulated.

Accepted Answer

Channel and transporter proteins can be

Question 17

The osmotic pressure of a solution is _______ to the concentration of dissolved entities.

Accepted Answer

A)  approximately proportional 
B)  specific 
C)  exponentially related 
D)  not related 
A)  approximately proportional 
B)  specific 
C)  exponentially related 
D)  not related

Question 18

Most marine invertebrates typically have internal fluids of

Accepted Answer

A)  1 mOsm. 
B)  1 Osm. 
C)  10 Osm. 
D)  300 mOsm. 
A)  1 mOsm. 
B)  1 Osm. 
C)  10 Osm. 
D)  300 mOsm.

Question 19

According to the Fick diffusion equation, which letter represents permeability?

Accepted Answer

A)  J 
B)  Permeability is integrated into D 
C)  Permeability is integrated into C1 - C2 
D)  X 
A)  J 
B)  Permeability is integrated into D 
C)  Permeability is integrated into C1 - C2 
D)  X

Question 20

In the animal cell, the combined concentration and electrical effects on K+ cause K+ to _______ the cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  move into 
B)  leak out of 
C)  remain inside 
D)  remain outside of 
A)  move into 
B)  leak out of 
C)  remain inside 
D)  remain outside of

Exam 5: Transport of Solutes and Water

The molecular species that binds and unbinds to the Na+‒K+-ATPase, causing sodium and potassium to shuttle through it, is

When X increases in the Fick diffusion equation, J

Refer to the figure shown. Which y-axis measurement would not be supported by the figure?

In the animal cell, the overall concentration effects on Na+ diffusion cause Na+ to _______ the cell.

A 1-osmolar solution has _______ dissolved entities per liter.

Refer to the figure shown. Which substance is mostly likely being pumped at A?

In the Fick diffusion equation, if the units of D are cm2 ∙ s‒1, which of the following best represents the units for J?

If a change in the voltage of a cell membrane causes all the voltage-gated Na+ channels to open, the permeability of the cell membrane to Na+ has been

Which statement about the transport of glucose into the gut epithelial cell through the apical membrane is true?

In the intestine, glucose is brought into the cell membrane by

What is meant by the "whole-epithelium" view of active ion transport? Provide an example.

Refer to the figure shown. Which panel in the figure shows a voltage-gated channel?

A 1-M solution of Na2SO4 has _______ a 1-M solution of glucose.

Refer to the figure shown. Which ion is moving into the cell via diffusion and where is it located?

The movement of an amino acid across the intestinal epithelial membrane in the direction of equilibrium

Describe four ways in which channel and transporter proteins can be regulated.

The osmotic pressure of a solution is _______ to the concentration of dissolved entities.

Most marine invertebrates typically have internal fluids of

According to the Fick diffusion equation, which letter represents permeability?

In the animal cell, the combined concentration and electrical effects on K+ cause K+ to _______ the cell.

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters

The molecular species that binds and unbinds to the Na⁺‒K⁺-ATPase, causing sodium and potassium to shuttle through it, is

In the animal cell, the overall concentration effects on Na⁺ diffusion cause Na⁺ to _______ the cell.

In the Fick diffusion equation, if the units of D are cm² ∙ s^‒¹, which of the following best represents the units for J?

If a change in the voltage of a cell membrane causes all the voltage-gated Na⁺ channels to open, the permeability of the cell membrane to Na⁺ has been

A 1-M solution of Na₂SO₄ has _______ a 1-M solution of glucose.

In the animal cell, the combined concentration and electrical effects on K⁺cause K⁺ to _______ the cell.