Question 1

If an adult animal had a lot of brown fat,

Accepted Answer

A)  its metabolic rate would be higher at rest compared to an animal of the same size that does not have a lot of brown fat. 
B)  its metabolic rate would be lower during exercise compared to an animal of the same size that does not have a lot of brown fat. 
C)  it would facilitate the storage of high-energy triglycerides. 
D)  the metabolism of its brown fat cells would increase during exercise due to the release of cortisol. 
A)  its metabolic rate would be higher at rest compared to an animal of the same size that does not have a lot of brown fat. 
B)  its metabolic rate would be lower during exercise compared to an animal of the same size that does not have a lot of brown fat. 
C)  it would facilitate the storage of high-energy triglycerides. 
D)  the metabolism of its brown fat cells would increase during exercise due to the release of cortisol. A

Question 2

According to the experiment done by Nilssen et al. (1984), the resting metabolic rate in adult reindeer during winter

Accepted Answer

A)  increases dramatically as the air temperature changes from -40°C to -20°C. 
B)  decreases significantly as the air temperature changes from 20°C to 40°C. 
C)  remains about the same as the air temperature changes from 0°C to 10°C. 
D)  decreases drastically as the air temperature changes from 0°C to 10°C. 
A)  increases dramatically as the air temperature changes from -40°C to -20°C. 
B)  decreases significantly as the air temperature changes from 20°C to 40°C. 
C)  remains about the same as the air temperature changes from 0°C to 10°C. 
D)  decreases drastically as the air temperature changes from 0°C to 10°C. C

Question 3

Which animal will have the greatest amount of brown fat, relative to its body, at birth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lamb 
B)  Piglet 
C)  Mouse 
D)  Rat 
A)  Lamb 
B)  Piglet 
C)  Mouse 
D)  Rat A

Question 4

Researchers have shown that animals that consume a diet rich in _______ can tolerate the lowest body temperature without being aroused from hibernation.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates 
B)  protein 
C)  saturated fats 
D)  unsaturated fats 
A)  carbohydrates 
B)  protein 
C)  saturated fats 
D)  unsaturated fats

Question 5

Explain how animals prepare for hibernation. Include the cues that trigger preparation, the type of nutrients stored, and the specific location of storage molecules.

Accepted Answer

Fattening is important to support metabo

Question 6

Refer to the figure shown.
  In the figure, what do the arrows represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Energy savings per gram per hour during hibernation 
B)  The aerobic scope per gram per hour in relation to body mass 
C)  The winter season metabolic effect per gram per hour 
D)  The mass effect on cost of metabolism with winter fur insulation 
A)  Energy savings per gram per hour during hibernation 
B)  The aerobic scope per gram per hour in relation to body mass 
C)  The winter season metabolic effect per gram per hour 
D)  The mass effect on cost of metabolism with winter fur insulation

Question 7

If near-term sheep fetuses with normal blood circulation are cooled inside the uteruses of their mothers,

Accepted Answer

A)  brown fat is upregulated. 
B)  the fetus shivers. 
C)  fetal metabolic rate increases. 
D)  nothing happens. 
A)  brown fat is upregulated. 
B)  the fetus shivers. 
C)  fetal metabolic rate increases. 
D)  nothing happens.

Question 8

In ground squirrels, testosterone levels _______ during hibernation.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase 
B)  decrease 
C)  stay the same 
D)  initially increase and then decrease 
A)  increase 
B)  decrease 
C)  stay the same 
D)  initially increase and then decrease

Question 9

Explain how body size relates to weight-specific metabolic rate in hibernating and nonhibernating animals.

Accepted Answer

The weight-specific metabolic rates of h

Question 10

Which statement about small hibernating mammals is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their chances for survival increase during hibernation. 
B)  Their chances for survival decrease with hibernation. 
C)  Their chances of encountering a predator increase with hibernation. 
D)  Testosterone plasma levels increase during hibernation. 
A)  Their chances for survival increase during hibernation. 
B)  Their chances for survival decrease with hibernation. 
C)  Their chances of encountering a predator increase with hibernation. 
D)  Testosterone plasma levels increase during hibernation.

Question 11

Refer to the figure shown.
  What is this figure showing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maximum metabolic rate at various temperatures in summer-acclimatized and winter-acclimatized reindeer 
B)  Resting metabolic rate at various temperatures in summer-acclimatized and winter-acclimatized reindeer 
C)  Maximum metabolic rate at various temperatures in a northern species and southern species of reindeer 
D)  Resting metabolic rate at various temperatures in a northern species and southern species of reindeer 
A)  Maximum metabolic rate at various temperatures in summer-acclimatized and winter-acclimatized reindeer 
B)  Resting metabolic rate at various temperatures in summer-acclimatized and winter-acclimatized reindeer 
C)  Maximum metabolic rate at various temperatures in a northern species and southern species of reindeer 
D)  Resting metabolic rate at various temperatures in a northern species and southern species of reindeer

Question 12

Physiologists have always pondered the relationship of body size to the evolution of hibernation. Based on evolutionary theory, an animal of that weighs _______ kg will have the least energy savings in hibernation.

Accepted Answer

A)  400 
B)  300 
C)  200 
D)  100 
A)  400 
B)  300 
C)  200 
D)  100

Question 13

Which mammal would be most likely to maintain some brown fat as an adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mouse 
B)  Beaver 
C)  Dog 
D)  Reindeer 
A)  Mouse 
B)  Beaver 
C)  Dog 
D)  Reindeer

Question 14

Lambs born to shorn mothers _______ at birth compared to lambs born to unshorn mothers.

Accepted Answer

A)  shiver more 
B)  engage in exercise more 
C)  have more brown fat 
D)  have less brown fat 
A)  shiver more 
B)  engage in exercise more 
C)  have more brown fat 
D)  have less brown fat

Question 15

The biggest threat to a newborn reindeer's life upon birth is

Accepted Answer

A)  its lack of camouflage. 
B)  the immediate risk of predation. 
C)  the significant temperature drop. 
D)  its lack of being able to move. 
A)  its lack of camouflage. 
B)  the immediate risk of predation. 
C)  the significant temperature drop. 
D)  its lack of being able to move.

Question 16

In winter, reindeer have low energy costs because they

Accepted Answer

A)  increase their heart rate. 
B)  change their behavior by constantly moving to warm up. 
C)  maintain different temperatures in different body parts. 
D)  hide in caves where the temperature is warmer. 
A)  increase their heart rate. 
B)  change their behavior by constantly moving to warm up. 
C)  maintain different temperatures in different body parts. 
D)  hide in caves where the temperature is warmer.

Question 17

Which would have more brown fat, a lamb born in Palm Desert or one born in Alaska?

Accepted Answer

A)  The lamb born in Alaska 
B)  The lamb born in Palm Desert 
C)  Both lambs will have an equal amount of brown fat 
D)  Neither; brown fat is not produced in sheep 
A)  The lamb born in Alaska 
B)  The lamb born in Palm Desert 
C)  Both lambs will have an equal amount of brown fat 
D)  Neither; brown fat is not produced in sheep

Question 18

The elevated rate of oxygen consumption response to norepinephrine in newborn reindeer has declined by _______ of age.

Accepted Answer

A)  one week 
B)  one month 
C)  two months 
D)  one year 
A)  one week 
B)  one month 
C)  two months 
D)  one year

Question 19

Which statement regarding microbes in reindeer rumen is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microbes that digest fibers are less prevalent in summer communities than winter communities. 
B)  Microbes that digest cellulose are less prevalent in winter communities than summer communities. 
C)  Microbes that digest proteins are more prevalent in summer communities than winter communities. 
D)  Microbes that digest starch are more prevalent in summer communities than winter communities. 
A)  Microbes that digest fibers are less prevalent in summer communities than winter communities. 
B)  Microbes that digest cellulose are less prevalent in winter communities than summer communities. 
C)  Microbes that digest proteins are more prevalent in summer communities than winter communities. 
D)  Microbes that digest starch are more prevalent in summer communities than winter communities.

Question 20

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which line most closely approximates an adult animal in the summer season?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Exam 11: Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

If an adult animal had a lot of brown fat,

According to the experiment done by Nilssen et al. (1984), the resting metabolic rate in adult reindeer during winter

Which animal will have the greatest amount of brown fat, relative to its body, at birth?

Researchers have shown that animals that consume a diet rich in _______ can tolerate the lowest body temperature without being aroused from hibernation.

Explain how animals prepare for hibernation. Include the cues that trigger preparation, the type of nutrients stored, and the specific location of storage molecules.

Refer to the figure shown. In the figure, what do the arrows represent?

If near-term sheep fetuses with normal blood circulation are cooled inside the uteruses of their mothers,

In ground squirrels, testosterone levels _______ during hibernation.

Explain how body size relates to weight-specific metabolic rate in hibernating and nonhibernating animals.

Which statement about small hibernating mammals is true?

Refer to the figure shown. What is this figure showing?

Physiologists have always pondered the relationship of body size to the evolution of hibernation. Based on evolutionary theory, an animal of that weighs _______ kg will have the least energy savings in hibernation.

Which mammal would be most likely to maintain some brown fat as an adult?

Lambs born to shorn mothers _______ at birth compared to lambs born to unshorn mothers.

The biggest threat to a newborn reindeer's life upon birth is

In winter, reindeer have low energy costs because they

Which would have more brown fat, a lamb born in Palm Desert or one born in Alaska?

The elevated rate of oxygen consumption response to norepinephrine in newborn reindeer has declined by _______ of age.

Which statement regarding microbes in reindeer rumen is false?

Refer to the figure shown. Which line most closely approximates an adult animal in the summer season?

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

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