Question 1

Which morphology sets up the least efficient gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cocurrent gas exchange 
B)  Convex current gas exchange 
C)  Cross-current gas exchange 
D)  Countercurrent gas exchange 
A)  Cocurrent gas exchange 
B)  Convex current gas exchange 
C)  Cross-current gas exchange 
D)  Countercurrent gas exchange A

Question 2

When lowlanders first ascend to high altitude, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypoventilation 
B)  Bradycardia 
C)  Lowering of V̇o2max 
D)  Hyperventilation 
A)  Hypoventilation 
B)  Bradycardia 
C)  Lowering of V̇o2max 
D)  Hyperventilation D

Question 3

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which pair of lines best represents the lungs of the bullfrog?

Accepted Answer

A)  I and IV 
B)  II and IV 
C)  I and VI 
D)  III and V 
A)  I and IV 
B)  II and IV 
C)  I and VI 
D)  III and V C

Question 4

Choose the best statement regarding buccal-opercular pumping.

Accepted Answer

A)  The opercular pump develops positive pressure while the buccal pump is being refilled, and the buccal pump sucks while the opercular pump is being emptied. 
B)  The opercular pump sucks while the buccal pump is being refilled, and the buccal pump sucks while the opercular pump is being emptied. 
C)  The opercular pump sucks while the buccal pump is being refilled, and the buccal pump develops positive pressure while the opercular pump is being emptied. 
D)  The opercular pump develops positive pressure while the buccal pump is being refilled, and the buccal pump develops positive pressure while the opercular pump is being emptied. 
A)  The opercular pump develops positive pressure while the buccal pump is being refilled, and the buccal pump sucks while the opercular pump is being emptied. 
B)  The opercular pump sucks while the buccal pump is being refilled, and the buccal pump sucks while the opercular pump is being emptied. 
C)  The opercular pump sucks while the buccal pump is being refilled, and the buccal pump develops positive pressure while the opercular pump is being emptied. 
D)  The opercular pump develops positive pressure while the buccal pump is being refilled, and the buccal pump develops positive pressure while the opercular pump is being emptied.

Question 5

Refer to the figure shown.
  O2 partial pressures at II in the diagram are always _______ those at III.

Accepted Answer

A)  equal to 
B)  lower than 
C)  higher than 
D)  half of 
A)  equal to 
B)  lower than 
C)  higher than 
D)  half of

Question 6

Describe a bimodal breather and the advantages that bimodal breathing can offer an animal.

Accepted Answer

A bimodal breather is an animal that can

Question 7

During high-speed swimming, many fish rely on a method of ventilation called

Accepted Answer

A)  ram ventilation. 
B)  opercular pumping ventilation. 
C)  the opercular suction pump. 
D)  buccal pressure pumping ventilation. 
A)  ram ventilation. 
B)  opercular pumping ventilation. 
C)  the opercular suction pump. 
D)  buccal pressure pumping ventilation.

Question 8

Suppose you are comparing blood samples and samples of alveolar gas from two native Peruvians resting in their dwellings-one at sea level and one at 4500 m altitude. The O2 partial pressure would likely be the most similar in

Accepted Answer

A)  their alveolar gas. 
B)  their arterial blood. 
C)  their venous blood. 
D)  the air in their tracheas. 
A)  their alveolar gas. 
B)  their arterial blood. 
C)  their venous blood. 
D)  the air in their tracheas.

Question 9

In all vertebrates, the central pattern generators for breathing are located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum. 
B)  lungs. 
C)  cortex. 
D)  medulla. 
A)  cerebellum. 
B)  lungs. 
C)  cortex. 
D)  medulla.

Question 10

Refer to the figure shown.
  The figure represents the respiratory system of which group of animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amphibians 
B)  Reptiles 
C)  Birds 
D)  Fish 
A)  Amphibians 
B)  Reptiles 
C)  Birds 
D)  Fish

Question 11

How do insects combat the evaporative water loss that is inherent in a tracheal system?

Accepted Answer

Insects commonly solve the problem of ev

Question 12

An adult bullfrog excretes CO2 primarily through its

Accepted Answer

A)  skin. 
B)  gills. 
C)  lungs. 
D)  cloaca. 
A)  skin. 
B)  gills. 
C)  lungs. 
D)  cloaca.

Question 13

Compare and contrast the uptake of O2 and the excretion of CO2 in bullfrog tadpoles and adults.

Accepted Answer

In bullfrog tadpoles, gills and skin pla

Question 14

Compare and contrast cocurrent gas exchange with countercurrent gas exchange and indicate which is more efficient.

Accepted Answer

In cocurrent gas exchange, the medium fl

Question 15

Which statement is a recently discovered similarity between alligator respiration and bird respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cross-current gas exchange takes place. 
B)  Air sacs are present. 
C)  Ventilation is tidal. 
D)  Ventilation is unidirectional. 
A)  Cross-current gas exchange takes place. 
B)  Air sacs are present. 
C)  Ventilation is tidal. 
D)  Ventilation is unidirectional.

Question 16

During heavy exercise, we observe a significant increase in the use of the _______ for exhalation compared to resting conditions.

Accepted Answer

A)  diaphragm 
B)  internal intercostals 
C)  external intercostals 
D)  sternocleidomastoid 
A)  diaphragm 
B)  internal intercostals 
C)  external intercostals 
D)  sternocleidomastoid

Question 17

During the _______ developmental stage, the bullfrog splits oxygen uptake (roughly 50:50) between the gills and the skin.

Accepted Answer

A)  aquatic tadpole 
B)  air-breathing tadpole 
C)  postmetamorphic froglet 
D)  adult 
A)  aquatic tadpole 
B)  air-breathing tadpole 
C)  postmetamorphic froglet 
D)  adult

Question 18

Hypoxia factors can respond to hypoxia (along with other possible cofactors or coactivators) with all of the following responses except

Accepted Answer

A)  increased erythropoiesis. 
B)  increased synthesis of glucose transporters. 
C)  increased synthesis of enzymes of aerobic metabolism. 
D)  the promotion of angiogenesis. 
A)  increased erythropoiesis. 
B)  increased synthesis of glucose transporters. 
C)  increased synthesis of enzymes of aerobic metabolism. 
D)  the promotion of angiogenesis.

Question 19

Refer to the figure shown.
  The diagram is referring to what physiological process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cocurrent gas exchange 
B)  Countercurrent gas exchange 
C)  Nondirectional ventilation and gas exchange 
D)  Cross-current gas exchange 
A)  Cocurrent gas exchange 
B)  Countercurrent gas exchange 
C)  Nondirectional ventilation and gas exchange 
D)  Cross-current gas exchange

Question 20

How does a typical teleost fish, such as a goldfish, maintain ventilation of its gills when stationary in the water column?

Accepted Answer

A)  With a buccal pressure pump 
B)  With an opercular suction pump 
C)  Via ram ventilation 
D)  With both a buccal pressure pump and an opercular suction pump 
A)  With a buccal pressure pump 
B)  With an opercular suction pump 
C)  Via ram ventilation 
D)  With both a buccal pressure pump and an opercular suction pump

Exam 23: External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Which morphology sets up the least efficient gas exchange?

When lowlanders first ascend to high altitude, which of the following occurs?

Refer to the figure shown. Which pair of lines best represents the lungs of the bullfrog?

Choose the best statement regarding buccal-opercular pumping.

Refer to the figure shown. O2 partial pressures at II in the diagram are always _______ those at III.

Describe a bimodal breather and the advantages that bimodal breathing can offer an animal.

During high-speed swimming, many fish rely on a method of ventilation called

Suppose you are comparing blood samples and samples of alveolar gas from two native Peruvians resting in their dwellings-one at sea level and one at 4500 m altitude. The O2 partial pressure would likely be the most similar in

In all vertebrates, the central pattern generators for breathing are located in the

Refer to the figure shown. The figure represents the respiratory system of which group of animals?

How do insects combat the evaporative water loss that is inherent in a tracheal system?

An adult bullfrog excretes CO2 primarily through its

Compare and contrast the uptake of O2 and the excretion of CO2 in bullfrog tadpoles and adults.

Compare and contrast cocurrent gas exchange with countercurrent gas exchange and indicate which is more efficient.

Which statement is a recently discovered similarity between alligator respiration and bird respiration?

During heavy exercise, we observe a significant increase in the use of the _______ for exhalation compared to resting conditions.

During the _______ developmental stage, the bullfrog splits oxygen uptake (roughly 50:50) between the gills and the skin.

Hypoxia factors can respond to hypoxia (along with other possible cofactors or coactivators) with all of the following responses except

Refer to the figure shown. The diagram is referring to what physiological process?

How does a typical teleost fish, such as a goldfish, maintain ventilation of its gills when stationary in the water column?

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters

Refer to the figure shown. O₂ partial pressures at II in the diagram are always _______ those at III.

Suppose you are comparing blood samples and samples of alveolar gas from two native Peruvians resting in their dwellings-one at sea level and one at 4500 m altitude. The O₂ partial pressure would likely be the most similar in

An adult bullfrog excretes CO₂ primarily through its

Compare and contrast the uptake of O₂ and the excretion of CO₂ in bullfrog tadpoles and adults.