Question 1

Although tracheoles run between cells, they also very commonly penetrate _______ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  flight muscle 
B)  nervous system 
C)  circulatory system 
D)  heart muscle 
A)  flight muscle 
B)  nervous system 
C)  circulatory system 
D)  heart muscle

Question 2

Which animal group(s) ventilate(s) with the use of negative pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reptiles 
B)  Mammals 
C)  Amphibians 
D)  Both reptiles and mammals 
A)  Reptiles 
B)  Mammals 
C)  Amphibians 
D)  Both reptiles and mammals

Question 3

One of the exceptional adaptations of tuna is

Accepted Answer

A)  their exceptionally large gill mass to body mass ratio. 
B)  their exceptionally large gill surface area. 
C)  their exceptionally high pressure opercular suction pump. 
D)  their exceptionally fast opercular pumping rate. 
A)  their exceptionally large gill mass to body mass ratio. 
B)  their exceptionally large gill surface area. 
C)  their exceptionally high pressure opercular suction pump. 
D)  their exceptionally fast opercular pumping rate.

Question 4

Aquatic insects sometimes have evaginations of the body surface called _______ that are densely supplied with trachea and covered with a thin cuticle.

Accepted Answer

A)  gills 
B)  book lungs 
C)  tracheal gills 
D)  spiracles 
A)  gills 
B)  book lungs 
C)  tracheal gills 
D)  spiracles

Question 5

Which animal is likely to have the highest O2 and CO2 exchange percentage via the skin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Goldfish 
B)  Bullfrog larva 
C)  Lungless salamander 
D)  Adult bullfrog 
A)  Goldfish 
B)  Bullfrog larva 
C)  Lungless salamander 
D)  Adult bullfrog

Question 6

In mammals, ventilation is modulated by the chemosensation of

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2. 
B)  CO2 and H+. 
C)  CO2 and O2. 
D)  CO2, H+, and O2. 
A)  CO2. 
B)  CO2 and H+. 
C)  CO2 and O2. 
D)  CO2, H+, and O2.

Question 7

The evolution of sheetlike gills occurred in which major animal group?

Accepted Answer

A)  Annelids 
B)  Horseshoe crabs 
C)  Echinoderms 
D)  Molluscs 
A)  Annelids 
B)  Horseshoe crabs 
C)  Echinoderms 
D)  Molluscs

Question 8

Fish make use of _______ exchange in their gills.

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-current 
B)  concurrent 
C)  cocurrent 
D)  countercurrent 
A)  cross-current 
B)  concurrent 
C)  cocurrent 
D)  countercurrent

Question 9

Describe the quality of the gas within the alveoli of the mammalian lung and explain how it differs from atmospheric air.

Accepted Answer

Because mammals are tidal breathers, the

Question 10

What is the main vulnerability of the insect respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  The release of accumulated CO2 is slow. 
B)  It is susceptible to evaporative water loss. 
C)  It must be continually ventilated. 
D)  O2 uptake is very slow. 
A)  The release of accumulated CO2 is slow. 
B)  It is susceptible to evaporative water loss. 
C)  It must be continually ventilated. 
D)  O2 uptake is very slow.

Question 11

The volume of air in the lungs following a complete exhalation of the expiratory reserve volume is

Accepted Answer

A)  one-half the inspiratory reserve volume. 
B)  called the tidal volume. 
C)  very close to 0 mL. 
D)  called the residual volume. 
A)  one-half the inspiratory reserve volume. 
B)  called the tidal volume. 
C)  very close to 0 mL. 
D)  called the residual volume.

Question 12

Refer to the figure shown.
  Of the animals in the figure, which one represents a primarily aquatic animal using lungs as the primary source for O2 uptake?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 13

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which line best represents the excretion of CO2 via the skin?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 14

Refer to the figure shown.
  When O2 in a cell drops

Accepted Answer

A)  more of compound I is created via enzymatic reactions. 
B)  more of compound II is created via enzymatic reactions. 
C)  more of compound I is produced by inhibiting its breakdown. 
D)  product III formation is catalyzed directly by low O2. 
A)  more of compound I is created via enzymatic reactions. 
B)  more of compound II is created via enzymatic reactions. 
C)  more of compound I is produced by inhibiting its breakdown. 
D)  product III formation is catalyzed directly by low O2.

Question 15

Several morphological features of the bird respiratory system allow for more efficient gas exchange. Describe these features.

Accepted Answer

For their given mass, birds have gas-exc

Question 16

The evolution of the mantle cavity into a lung occurred in which major animal group?

Accepted Answer

A)  Annelids 
B)  Horseshoe crabs 
C)  Sea stars 
D)  Snails 
A)  Annelids 
B)  Horseshoe crabs 
C)  Sea stars 
D)  Snails

Question 17

As mammals get smaller, lung volume _______ and breathing frequency _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases exponentially; increases exponentially 
B)  decreases exponentially; increases exponentially 
C)  decreases proportionally; increases exponentially 
D)  increases proportionally; decreases proportionally 
A)  increases exponentially; increases exponentially 
B)  decreases exponentially; increases exponentially 
C)  decreases proportionally; increases exponentially 
D)  increases proportionally; decreases proportionally

Question 18

Which animal is an example of a bimodal breather?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dog 
B)  Frog 
C)  Lizard 
D)  Crocodile 
A)  Dog 
B)  Frog 
C)  Lizard 
D)  Crocodile

Question 19

A key mechanism of gas transport through the tracheal system is

Accepted Answer

A)  muscular contraction. 
B)  the scaphognathite. 
C)  diffusion. 
D)  spiracle size. 
A)  muscular contraction. 
B)  the scaphognathite. 
C)  diffusion. 
D)  spiracle size.

Question 20

In which structure does diffusion of oxygen to capillaries not play a major role?

Accepted Answer

A)  Terminal bronchioles 
B)  Respiratory bronchioles 
C)  Alveolar ducts 
D)  Alveolar sacs 
A)  Terminal bronchioles 
B)  Respiratory bronchioles 
C)  Alveolar ducts 
D)  Alveolar sacs

Exam 23: External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Although tracheoles run between cells, they also very commonly penetrate _______ cells.

Which animal group(s) ventilate(s) with the use of negative pressure?

One of the exceptional adaptations of tuna is

Aquatic insects sometimes have evaginations of the body surface called _______ that are densely supplied with trachea and covered with a thin cuticle.

Which animal is likely to have the highest O2 and CO2 exchange percentage via the skin?

In mammals, ventilation is modulated by the chemosensation of

The evolution of sheetlike gills occurred in which major animal group?

Fish make use of _______ exchange in their gills.

Describe the quality of the gas within the alveoli of the mammalian lung and explain how it differs from atmospheric air.

What is the main vulnerability of the insect respiratory system?

The volume of air in the lungs following a complete exhalation of the expiratory reserve volume is

Refer to the figure shown. Of the animals in the figure, which one represents a primarily aquatic animal using lungs as the primary source for O2 uptake?

Refer to the figure shown. Which line best represents the excretion of CO2 via the skin?

Refer to the figure shown. When O2 in a cell drops

Several morphological features of the bird respiratory system allow for more efficient gas exchange. Describe these features.

The evolution of the mantle cavity into a lung occurred in which major animal group?

As mammals get smaller, lung volume _______ and breathing frequency _______.

Which animal is an example of a bimodal breather?

A key mechanism of gas transport through the tracheal system is

In which structure does diffusion of oxygen to capillaries not play a major role?

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters

Which animal is likely to have the highest O₂ and CO₂ exchange percentage via the skin?

Refer to the figure shown. Of the animals in the figure, which one represents a primarily aquatic animal using lungs as the primary source for O₂ uptake?

Refer to the figure shown. Which line best represents the excretion of CO₂ via the skin?

Refer to the figure shown. When O₂ in a cell drops

As mammals get smaller, lung volume _ and breathing frequency _.