Question 1

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which of the arrows in the figure is showing air movement during inhalation incorrectly?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 2

Which structure(s) is(are) primarily responsible for gas exchange in the bird respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mesobronchus 
B)  Secondary bronchi 
C)  Parabronchi 
D)  Air sacs 
A)  Mesobronchus 
B)  Secondary bronchi 
C)  Parabronchi 
D)  Air sacs

Question 3

Refer to the figure shown.
  At I in the diagram, O2 partial pressures are _______ the corresponding medium values and _______ from left to right.

Accepted Answer

A)  lower than; increase 
B)  lower than; decrease 
C)  higher than; increase 
D)  higher than; decrease 
A)  lower than; increase 
B)  lower than; decrease 
C)  higher than; increase 
D)  higher than; decrease

Question 4

The entrance to the gas exchange system of insects is via

Accepted Answer

A)  spiracles. 
B)  the mouth. 
C)  the scaphognathite. 
D)  the branchial chamber. 
A)  spiracles. 
B)  the mouth. 
C)  the scaphognathite. 
D)  the branchial chamber.

Question 5

Comparing insect and vertebrate breathing,

Accepted Answer

A)  vertebrates rely on conspicuous ventilation and insects rely on diffusion. 
B)  both use conspicuous ventilation and diffusion. 
C)  insects rely on conspicuous ventilation and insects rely on diffusion. 
D)  both rely on diffusion and only vertebrates rely on conspicuous ventilation. 
A)  vertebrates rely on conspicuous ventilation and insects rely on diffusion. 
B)  both use conspicuous ventilation and diffusion. 
C)  insects rely on conspicuous ventilation and insects rely on diffusion. 
D)  both rely on diffusion and only vertebrates rely on conspicuous ventilation.

Question 6

What are the major stimuli for increasing ventilation in fish?

Accepted Answer

One of the major stimuli for increasing

Question 7

An aquatic decapod crustacean moves water through the branchial chamber and ventilates the gills with its

Accepted Answer

A)  opercular pump. 
B)  buccal pump. 
C)  mouth. 
D)  scaphognathite. 
A)  opercular pump. 
B)  buccal pump. 
C)  mouth. 
D)  scaphognathite.

Question 8

Crocodilians and turtles have _______ lungs, which have a significantly _______ surface area compared to _______ lungs.

Accepted Answer

A)  unicameral; smaller; multicameral 
B)  multicameral; smaller; unicameral 
C)  multicameral; greater; unicameral 
D)  unicameral; greater; multicameral 
A)  unicameral; smaller; multicameral 
B)  multicameral; smaller; unicameral 
C)  multicameral; greater; unicameral 
D)  unicameral; greater; multicameral

Question 9

Which statement is the most accurate definition of external respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bulk flow (convection) of air or water to and from the gas-exchange membrane. 
B)  The process by which O2 is transported to the gas-exchange membrane from the environmental medium and by which CO2 is transported away from the membrane into the environmental medium. 
C)  The process by which CO2 is transported to the gas-exchange membrane from the environmental medium and O2 is transported away from the membrane into the environmental medium. 
D)  Diffusion of O2 and CO2 across the gas exchange membrane. 
A)  Bulk flow (convection) of air or water to and from the gas-exchange membrane. 
B)  The process by which O2 is transported to the gas-exchange membrane from the environmental medium and by which CO2 is transported away from the membrane into the environmental medium. 
C)  The process by which CO2 is transported to the gas-exchange membrane from the environmental medium and O2 is transported away from the membrane into the environmental medium. 
D)  Diffusion of O2 and CO2 across the gas exchange membrane.

Question 10

Bird respiration is characterized by _______ air flow and _______ gas exchange.

Accepted Answer

A)  nondirectional; countercurrent 
B)  unidirectional; cross-current 
C)  nondirectional; cross-current 
D)  unidirectional; countercurrent 
A)  nondirectional; countercurrent 
B)  unidirectional; cross-current 
C)  nondirectional; cross-current 
D)  unidirectional; countercurrent

Question 11

The rate of O2 uptake by the breathing organ depends on the

Accepted Answer

A)  volume flow of air or water per unit of time. 
B)  amount of O2 removed from each unit of volume. 
C)  amount of CO2 needing to be removed. 
D)  volume flow of respiratory medium per unit time and the amount of O2 removed from each unit volume. 
A)  volume flow of air or water per unit of time. 
B)  amount of O2 removed from each unit of volume. 
C)  amount of CO2 needing to be removed. 
D)  volume flow of respiratory medium per unit time and the amount of O2 removed from each unit volume.

Question 12

Which animal group(s) has(have) a true diaphragm?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reptiles and mammals 
B)  Birds and mammals 
C)  Mammals 
D)  Birds 
A)  Reptiles and mammals 
B)  Birds and mammals 
C)  Mammals 
D)  Birds

Question 13

If the inspiratory reserve volume is 3000 mL, the tidal volume is 500 mL, the expiratory reserve volume is 1000 mL, and the residual volume is 1000 mL, what is the vital capacity?

Accepted Answer

A)  3500 mL 
B)  4500 mL 
C)  5000 mL 
D)  5500 mL 
A)  3500 mL 
B)  4500 mL 
C)  5000 mL 
D)  5500 mL

Question 14

Which is primarily responsible for moving air into the lungs of a lizard?

Accepted Answer

A)  The buccal pump 
B)  The buccopharyngeal pump 
C)  The intercostal muscles 
D)  The diaphragm 
A)  The buccal pump 
B)  The buccopharyngeal pump 
C)  The intercostal muscles 
D)  The diaphragm

Question 15

HIF-1 and HIF-2 can help increase the O2-carrying ability of the blood by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the secretion of erythropoietin. 
B)  increasing ventilation rate. 
C)  decreasing the diffusion distance at the lungs. 
D)  increasing circulation rate. 
A)  increasing the secretion of erythropoietin. 
B)  increasing ventilation rate. 
C)  decreasing the diffusion distance at the lungs. 
D)  increasing circulation rate.

Question 16

Describe the physiological advantages of the bird respiratory system that make it more efficient than the mammalian system.

Accepted Answer

Birds have two functional advantages in

Question 17

A rise in arterial blood CO2 partial pressure by 5 mm Hg would increase ventilation frequency in humans. This mechanism would likely trigger increased ventilation in

Accepted Answer

A)  all vertebrates. 
B)  just terrestrial vertebrates. 
C)  just aquatic vertebrates. 
D)  all animals. 
A)  all vertebrates. 
B)  just terrestrial vertebrates. 
C)  just aquatic vertebrates. 
D)  all animals.

Question 18

In the mammalian alveoli, the partial pressure of O2 is _______ that of atmospheric air and the CO2 partial pressure is _______ that of atmospheric air.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher than; lower than 
B)  lower than; higher than 
C)  lower than; lower than 
D)  the same as; higher than 
A)  higher than; lower than 
B)  lower than; higher than 
C)  lower than; lower than 
D)  the same as; higher than

Question 19

Which statement about land crab respiration is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most land crabs have evolved lungs. 
B)  They allow their gills to go dry and ventilate them with air. 
C)  Their gills are ventilated with water. 
D)  O2 is taken up chiefly by their branchial-chamber epithelium. 
A)  Most land crabs have evolved lungs. 
B)  They allow their gills to go dry and ventilate them with air. 
C)  Their gills are ventilated with water. 
D)  O2 is taken up chiefly by their branchial-chamber epithelium.

Question 20

The O2 partial pressure in the blood leaving a breathing organ is considered the best single measure of the breathing organ's effectiveness. Why is the partial pressure of blood going toward the breathing organ not an effective measure?

Accepted Answer

Since the breathing organ is the point a

Exam 23: External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Refer to the figure shown. Which of the arrows in the figure is showing air movement during inhalation incorrectly?

Which structure(s) is(are) primarily responsible for gas exchange in the bird respiratory system?

Refer to the figure shown. At I in the diagram, O2 partial pressures are _______ the corresponding medium values and _______ from left to right.

The entrance to the gas exchange system of insects is via

Comparing insect and vertebrate breathing,

What are the major stimuli for increasing ventilation in fish?

An aquatic decapod crustacean moves water through the branchial chamber and ventilates the gills with its

Crocodilians and turtles have _______ lungs, which have a significantly _______ surface area compared to _______ lungs.

Which statement is the most accurate definition of external respiration?

Bird respiration is characterized by _______ air flow and _______ gas exchange.

The rate of O2 uptake by the breathing organ depends on the

Which animal group(s) has(have) a true diaphragm?

If the inspiratory reserve volume is 3000 mL, the tidal volume is 500 mL, the expiratory reserve volume is 1000 mL, and the residual volume is 1000 mL, what is the vital capacity?

Which is primarily responsible for moving air into the lungs of a lizard?

HIF-1 and HIF-2 can help increase the O2-carrying ability of the blood by

Describe the physiological advantages of the bird respiratory system that make it more efficient than the mammalian system.

A rise in arterial blood CO2 partial pressure by 5 mm Hg would increase ventilation frequency in humans. This mechanism would likely trigger increased ventilation in

In the mammalian alveoli, the partial pressure of O2 is _______ that of atmospheric air and the CO2 partial pressure is _______ that of atmospheric air.

Which statement about land crab respiration is true?

The O2 partial pressure in the blood leaving a breathing organ is considered the best single measure of the breathing organ's effectiveness. Why is the partial pressure of blood going toward the breathing organ not an effective measure?

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters

Refer to the figure shown. At I in the diagram, O₂ partial pressures are _ the corresponding medium values and _ from left to right.

Crocodilians and turtles have ___ lungs, which have a significantly _ surface area compared to _____ lungs.

Bird respiration is characterized by _ air flow and _ gas exchange.

The rate of O₂ uptake by the breathing organ depends on the

HIF-1 and HIF-2 can help increase the O₂-carrying ability of the blood by

A rise in arterial blood CO₂ partial pressure by 5 mm Hg would increase ventilation frequency in humans. This mechanism would likely trigger increased ventilation in

In the mammalian alveoli, the partial pressure of O₂is _ that of atmospheric air and the CO₂ partial pressure is _ that of atmospheric air.

The O₂ partial pressure in the blood leaving a breathing organ is considered the best single measure of the breathing organ's effectiveness. Why is the partial pressure of blood going toward the breathing organ not an effective measure?