Question 1

Refer to the figure.
  According to the figure shown, which statement is the most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  O2 concentrations of arterial blood are inversely proportional to swimming speed. 
B)  As O2 concentrations of blood drop in venous blood, swimming speed increases. 
C)  Cold-acclimated fish have a much lower saturation level during exercise than other fish do. 
D)  As swimming speed increases, the arterial blood remains nearly saturated while the venous blood decreases in saturation. 
A)  O2 concentrations of arterial blood are inversely proportional to swimming speed. 
B)  As O2 concentrations of blood drop in venous blood, swimming speed increases. 
C)  Cold-acclimated fish have a much lower saturation level during exercise than other fish do. 
D)  As swimming speed increases, the arterial blood remains nearly saturated while the venous blood decreases in saturation. D

Question 2

The P50 in a fish species adapted to a low oxygen aquatic environment would likely be _______ the P50 of a fish species adapted to a well-oxygenated aquatic environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher than 
B)  equal to 
C)  lower than 
D)  extremely variable compared to 
A)  higher than 
B)  equal to 
C)  lower than 
D)  extremely variable compared to C

Question 3

The key enzyme involved in the formation of bicarbonate from CO2 is

Accepted Answer

A)  lactate dehydrogenase. 
B)  alcohol dehydrogenase. 
C)  carbonic anhydrase. 
D)  bicarbonate dehydrogenase. 
A)  lactate dehydrogenase. 
B)  alcohol dehydrogenase. 
C)  carbonic anhydrase. 
D)  bicarbonate dehydrogenase. C

Question 4

During chronic exposure to high altitude, increasing 2,3-DPG

Accepted Answer

A)  increases Hb‒O2 affinity. 
B)  increases the unloading of O2 at tissues. 
C)  increases the loading of O2 at the lungs. 
D)  decreases the P50 of hemoglobin. 
A)  increases Hb‒O2 affinity. 
B)  increases the unloading of O2 at tissues. 
C)  increases the loading of O2 at the lungs. 
D)  decreases the P50 of hemoglobin.

Question 5

The buffering effectiveness of any given buffer reaction is greatest when the prevailing pH _______ the pKʹ of the reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  is much greater than 
B)  matches 
C)  is much lower than 
D)  is as far away as possible from 
A)  is much greater than 
B)  matches 
C)  is much lower than 
D)  is as far away as possible from

Question 6

Why does temperature alter blood pH in ectotherms?

Accepted Answer

The current hypothesis for the increase

Question 7

The image on a graph showing the functional relationship between the percentage of oxygenated binding sites and the O2 partial pressure is best known as

Accepted Answer

A)  the saturation curve. 
B)  the affinity curve. 
C)  the P50 curve. 
D)  the oxygen dissociation curve. 
A)  the saturation curve. 
B)  the affinity curve. 
C)  the P50 curve. 
D)  the oxygen dissociation curve.

Question 8

In mammals, the bulk of the CO2 is transported from the tissue to the lungs as

Accepted Answer

A)  bicarbonate dissolved in the plasma. 
B)  CO2 dissolved in the plasma. 
C)  CO2 bound to hemoglobin. 
D)  bicarbonate bound to hemoglobin. 
A)  bicarbonate dissolved in the plasma. 
B)  CO2 dissolved in the plasma. 
C)  CO2 bound to hemoglobin. 
D)  bicarbonate bound to hemoglobin.

Question 9

What determines the shape of the CO2 equilibrium curve?

Accepted Answer

A)  The kinetics of HCO3- formation 
B)  The amount of dissolved CO2 
C)  The number of carbamate groups and the amount of dissolved CO2 
D)  The kinetics of HCO3- formation, the number of carbamate groups, and the amount of dissolved CO2 
A)  The kinetics of HCO3- formation 
B)  The amount of dissolved CO2 
C)  The number of carbamate groups and the amount of dissolved CO2 
D)  The kinetics of HCO3- formation, the number of carbamate groups, and the amount of dissolved CO2

Question 10

Why are carbonic anhydrase and anion transporters important in vertebrate CO2 transport?

Accepted Answer

Vertebrate CO₂ is transported mainly as H

Question 11

The affinity of hemoglobin for O2 increases with

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing temperature. 
B)  decreasing blood pH. 
C)  an increase in CO2 partial pressure. 
D)  increasing [H+]. 
A)  decreasing temperature. 
B)  decreasing blood pH. 
C)  an increase in CO2 partial pressure. 
D)  increasing [H+].

Question 12

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which oxygen dissociation curve in the figure would represent a hypoxia-adapted species such as a carp?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  IV 
D)  V 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  IV 
D)  V

Question 13

The alphastat hypothesis attempts to explain why _______ as temperature falls.

Accepted Answer

A)  blood pH of ectotherms decreases 
B)  blood pH of ectotherms increases 
C)  muscle pH of ectotherms decreases 
D)  blood pH of endotherms decreases 
A)  blood pH of ectotherms decreases 
B)  blood pH of ectotherms increases 
C)  muscle pH of ectotherms decreases 
D)  blood pH of endotherms decreases

Question 14

What is unique about the respiratory pigments and circulatory O2 transport of the octopus?

Accepted Answer

The respiratory pigment of the octopus i

Question 15

Why is human hemoglobin a good example of evolutionary molecular design?

Accepted Answer

The human hemoglobin molecule is a good

Question 16

In a healthy human at rest, what is the approximate O2 saturation of venous blood as it is leaving the tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  75% 
B)  50% 
C)  25% 
D)  0% 
A)  75% 
B)  50% 
C)  25% 
D)  0%

Question 17

The exposure of Daphnia to O2-poor water for days would result in

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in hemoglobin concentration. 
B)  a change in the globin subunits produced. 
C)  an increase in hemoglobin concentration and a decrease in the P50 of the blood. 
D)  an increase in hemoglobin concentration, a decrease in the P50 of the blood, and a change in the globin subunits produced. 
A)  an increase in hemoglobin concentration. 
B)  a change in the globin subunits produced. 
C)  an increase in hemoglobin concentration and a decrease in the P50 of the blood. 
D)  an increase in hemoglobin concentration, a decrease in the P50 of the blood, and a change in the globin subunits produced.

Question 18

Which statement about hemoglobin is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It plays a role in CO2 transport. 
B)  It plays a role as a pH buffer. 
C)  It plays a role in N2 transport. 
D)  It is affected by temperature. 
A)  It plays a role in CO2 transport. 
B)  It plays a role as a pH buffer. 
C)  It plays a role in N2 transport. 
D)  It is affected by temperature.

Question 19

Compare and contrast the CO2 Bohr effect and the Haldane effect.

Accepted Answer

Both the CO₂ Bohr effect and the Haldane

Question 20

Which of the following is not a chemical category of respiratory pigment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemocyanins 
B)  Hemerythrins 
C)  Chlorocruorins 
D)  Myoglobins 
A)  Hemocyanins 
B)  Hemerythrins 
C)  Chlorocruorins 
D)  Myoglobins

Exam 24: Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Refer to the figure. According to the figure shown, which statement is the most accurate?

The P50 in a fish species adapted to a low oxygen aquatic environment would likely be _______ the P50 of a fish species adapted to a well-oxygenated aquatic environment.

The key enzyme involved in the formation of bicarbonate from CO2 is

During chronic exposure to high altitude, increasing 2,3-DPG

The buffering effectiveness of any given buffer reaction is greatest when the prevailing pH _______ the pKʹ of the reaction.

Why does temperature alter blood pH in ectotherms?

The image on a graph showing the functional relationship between the percentage of oxygenated binding sites and the O2 partial pressure is best known as

In mammals, the bulk of the CO2 is transported from the tissue to the lungs as

What determines the shape of the CO2 equilibrium curve?

Why are carbonic anhydrase and anion transporters important in vertebrate CO2 transport?

The affinity of hemoglobin for O2 increases with

Refer to the figure shown. Which oxygen dissociation curve in the figure would represent a hypoxia-adapted species such as a carp?

The alphastat hypothesis attempts to explain why _______ as temperature falls.

What is unique about the respiratory pigments and circulatory O2 transport of the octopus?

Why is human hemoglobin a good example of evolutionary molecular design?

In a healthy human at rest, what is the approximate O2 saturation of venous blood as it is leaving the tissues?

The exposure of Daphnia to O2-poor water for days would result in

Which statement about hemoglobin is false?

Compare and contrast the CO2 Bohr effect and the Haldane effect.

Which of the following is not a chemical category of respiratory pigment?

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters

The P₅₀ in a fish species adapted to a low oxygen aquatic environment would likely be _______ the P₅₀ of a fish species adapted to a well-oxygenated aquatic environment.

The key enzyme involved in the formation of bicarbonate from CO₂ is

The image on a graph showing the functional relationship between the percentage of oxygenated binding sites and the O₂ partial pressure is best known as

In mammals, the bulk of the CO₂ is transported from the tissue to the lungs as

What determines the shape of the CO₂ equilibrium curve?

Why are carbonic anhydrase and anion transporters important in vertebrate CO₂ transport?

The affinity of hemoglobin for O₂ increases with

What is unique about the respiratory pigments and circulatory O₂ transport of the octopus?

In a healthy human at rest, what is the approximate O₂ saturation of venous blood as it is leaving the tissues?

The exposure of Daphnia to O₂-poor water for days would result in

Compare and contrast the CO₂ Bohr effect and the Haldane effect.