Question 1

The mean pressure in the systemic aorta in a healthy human is about _______ mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A)  120 
B)  95 
C)  75 
D)  50 
A)  120 
B)  95 
C)  75 
D)  50 B

Question 2

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which plan represents the mammalian circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  II 
B)  III 
C)  IV 
D)  V 
A)  II 
B)  III 
C)  IV 
D)  V A

Question 3

Refer to the figure shown.
  Of the six circulatory plans above, how many partially or completely separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two 
B)  Three 
C)  Four 
D)  Five 
A)  Two 
B)  Three 
C)  Four 
D)  Five D

Question 4

Refer to the figure shown.
  How many labeled areas refer to arteries?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5

Question 5

Describe and explain the linear velocity profile of red blood cells as they travel from the heart through the systemic tissues and back.

Accepted Answer

As red blood cells leave the heart their

Question 6

Explain, according to the physics of fluid-column effects, why a vascular foot injury needs to be elevated as much and as long as possible.

Accepted Answer

Because the vessels in the mammalian cir

Question 7

The reason why blood capillaries can be exceedingly thin-walled and yet resist substantial pressures can be explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  Laplace's law. 
B)  Poiseuille's equation. 
C)  Hagen's equation. 
D)  Fick's law. 
A)  Laplace's law. 
B)  Poiseuille's equation. 
C)  Hagen's equation. 
D)  Fick's law.

Question 8

Refer to the figure shown.
  When an air-breathing organ at the mouth is integrated into the circulation depicted in the figure, a new circulation loop is created connecting

Accepted Answer

A)  I to III. 
B)  II to III. 
C)  I to IV. 
D)  III to IV. 
A)  I to III. 
B)  II to III. 
C)  I to IV. 
D)  III to IV.

Question 9

Halving the radius of a vessel _______ the resistance to flow through the vessel by a factor of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases; 4 
B)  decreases; 16 
C)  increases; 4 
D)  increases; 16 
A)  decreases; 4 
B)  decreases; 16 
C)  increases; 4 
D)  increases; 16

Question 10

In fish that have an air-breathing organ (ABO), the blood

Accepted Answer

A)  leaving the ABO mixes with systemic and venous blood. 
B)  leaving the ABO mixes with blood leaving the gills. 
C)  enters the ABO following the exit from the gills. 
D)  leaving the ABO enters the gills. 
A)  leaving the ABO mixes with systemic and venous blood. 
B)  leaving the ABO mixes with blood leaving the gills. 
C)  enters the ABO following the exit from the gills. 
D)  leaving the ABO enters the gills.

Question 11

Refer to the figure shown.
  From where do vessels branch off to supply the head and gut with oxygenated blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 12

Which of the following is present in crocodilians but not in amphibians?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 atria 
B)  the ability to shunt blood 
C)  a ventricular septum 
D)  a pulmonary circulation 
A)  2 atria 
B)  the ability to shunt blood 
C)  a ventricular septum 
D)  a pulmonary circulation

Question 13

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which region represents the isovolumetric contraction portion of the heart cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 14

If a squid and a fish both double cardiac output during exercise, circulatory oxygen delivery to the tissues in _______ will _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  both animals; remain the same 
B)  both animals; double 
C)  the fish; be higher than in the squid 
D)  the squid; be higher than in the fish 
A)  both animals; remain the same 
B)  both animals; double 
C)  the fish; be higher than in the squid 
D)  the squid; be higher than in the fish

Question 15

Which statement regarding cardiac output is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is independent of stroke volume. 
B)  It is the product of heart rate and stroke volume. 
C)  It is the heart rate divided by stroke volume. 
D)  It is the product of heart rate and blood pressure. 
A)  It is independent of stroke volume. 
B)  It is the product of heart rate and stroke volume. 
C)  It is the heart rate divided by stroke volume. 
D)  It is the product of heart rate and blood pressure.

Question 16

Explain how some animals modulate blood flow to their lungs independently of flow to the rest of the body and what the advantages are to this arrangement.

Accepted Answer

When animals have an incomplete separati

Question 17

Which statement describes a characteristic not found in the African lungfish Protopterus?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ventral aorta is extremely long and branched. 
B)  The atrium and the ventricles are partially divided into left and right halves by septa. 
C)  The conus arteriosus has longitudinal ridges that divide the lumen into two channels. 
D)  The four pairs of branchial arteries arise immediately from the conus arteriosus. 
A)  The ventral aorta is extremely long and branched. 
B)  The atrium and the ventricles are partially divided into left and right halves by septa. 
C)  The conus arteriosus has longitudinal ridges that divide the lumen into two channels. 
D)  The four pairs of branchial arteries arise immediately from the conus arteriosus.

Question 18

The pacemaker of a lobster heart is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  specialized myocardium that functions in a manner similar to the S-A node. 
B)  specialized myocardium that functions as a central pattern generator. 
C)  a series of neurons connected to and controlled by the brain. 
D)  a posterior cardiac neuron that functions as a cellular oscillator and central pattern generator. 
A)  specialized myocardium that functions in a manner similar to the S-A node. 
B)  specialized myocardium that functions as a central pattern generator. 
C)  a series of neurons connected to and controlled by the brain. 
D)  a posterior cardiac neuron that functions as a cellular oscillator and central pattern generator.

Question 19

Refer to the figure shown.
  According to the diagram, the highest blood pressure would be found just exiting the structure(s) at

Accepted Answer

A)  I. 
B)  II. 
C)  III. 
D)  IV. 
A)  I. 
B)  II. 
C)  III. 
D)  IV.

Question 20

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which vertical section denotes the vascular portion with the lowest mean blood velocity?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Exam 25: Circulation

The mean pressure in the systemic aorta in a healthy human is about _______ mm Hg.

Refer to the figure shown. Which plan represents the mammalian circulatory system?

Refer to the figure shown. Of the six circulatory plans above, how many partially or completely separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the heart?

Refer to the figure shown. How many labeled areas refer to arteries?

Describe and explain the linear velocity profile of red blood cells as they travel from the heart through the systemic tissues and back.

Explain, according to the physics of fluid-column effects, why a vascular foot injury needs to be elevated as much and as long as possible.

The reason why blood capillaries can be exceedingly thin-walled and yet resist substantial pressures can be explained by

Refer to the figure shown. When an air-breathing organ at the mouth is integrated into the circulation depicted in the figure, a new circulation loop is created connecting

Halving the radius of a vessel _______ the resistance to flow through the vessel by a factor of _______.

In fish that have an air-breathing organ (ABO), the blood

Refer to the figure shown. From where do vessels branch off to supply the head and gut with oxygenated blood?

Which of the following is present in crocodilians but not in amphibians?

Refer to the figure shown. Which region represents the isovolumetric contraction portion of the heart cycle?

If a squid and a fish both double cardiac output during exercise, circulatory oxygen delivery to the tissues in _______ will _______.

Which statement regarding cardiac output is true?

Explain how some animals modulate blood flow to their lungs independently of flow to the rest of the body and what the advantages are to this arrangement.

Which statement describes a characteristic not found in the African lungfish Protopterus?

The pacemaker of a lobster heart is composed of

Refer to the figure shown. According to the diagram, the highest blood pressure would be found just exiting the structure(s) at

Refer to the figure shown. Which vertical section denotes the vascular portion with the lowest mean blood velocity?

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters

Halving the radius of a vessel _ the resistance to flow through the vessel by a factor of _.

If a squid and a fish both double cardiac output during exercise, circulatory oxygen delivery to the tissues in _ will _.