Question 1

Suppose you are comparing several muscles from the same animal. Which muscle would have the highest power output?

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscle length = 20 cm, cross-sectional area = 10 cm2, composed primarily of fast oxidative fibers 
B)  Muscle length = 20 cm, cross-sectional area = 10 cm2, composed primarily of fast glycolytic fibers 
C)  Muscle length = 20 cm, cross-sectional area = 20 cm2, composed primarily of slow oxidative fibers 
D)  Muscle length = 20 cm, cross-sectional area = 20 cm2, composed primarily of fast glycolytic fibers 
A)  Muscle length = 20 cm, cross-sectional area = 10 cm2, composed primarily of fast oxidative fibers 
B)  Muscle length = 20 cm, cross-sectional area = 10 cm2, composed primarily of fast glycolytic fibers 
C)  Muscle length = 20 cm, cross-sectional area = 20 cm2, composed primarily of slow oxidative fibers 
D)  Muscle length = 20 cm, cross-sectional area = 20 cm2, composed primarily of fast glycolytic fibers

Question 2

Refer to the figure shown.
  What is the likely treatment in this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microgravity 
B)  Resistance training 
C)  Endurance training 
D)  Resistance training followed by detraining 
A)  Microgravity 
B)  Resistance training 
C)  Endurance training 
D)  Resistance training followed by detraining

Question 3

"Double-muscled" animals such as Belgian Blue cattle and whippets have naturally occurring mutations in the gene encoding the protein

Accepted Answer

A)  myostatin. 
B)  myosin. 
C)  IGF-1. 
D)  Akt. 
A)  myostatin. 
B)  myosin. 
C)  IGF-1. 
D)  Akt.

Question 4

Myostatin mutations that increase muscle mass may not be favored by evolution because

Accepted Answer

A)  larger muscles in animals that have impaired myostatin production actually produce less force than normal muscles. 
B)  larger muscles fatigue more rapidly in myostatin-null animals. 
C)  impaired atrophy may deprive myostatin-null animals of the amino acids needed for physiological processes in non-muscle tissues. 
D)  the high degree of conservation of the myostatin sequence in different tetrapods indicates that the gene is not important in most animals. 
A)  larger muscles in animals that have impaired myostatin production actually produce less force than normal muscles. 
B)  larger muscles fatigue more rapidly in myostatin-null animals. 
C)  impaired atrophy may deprive myostatin-null animals of the amino acids needed for physiological processes in non-muscle tissues. 
D)  the high degree of conservation of the myostatin sequence in different tetrapods indicates that the gene is not important in most animals.

Question 5

The number of myonuclei in a muscle cell is important to the process of muscle repair and hypertrophy because each nucleus must

Accepted Answer

A)  transcribe mRNA to serve as a template for protein synthesis. 
B)  translate protein to overcome protein degradation. 
C)  recycle proteins that are being degraded. 
D)  duplicate its DNA to make additional muscle cells. 
A)  transcribe mRNA to serve as a template for protein synthesis. 
B)  translate protein to overcome protein degradation. 
C)  recycle proteins that are being degraded. 
D)  duplicate its DNA to make additional muscle cells.

Question 6

Based on the phenotype of patients who have been paralyzed for a substantial period of time, scientists have inferred that the default fiber type of skeletal muscle is

Accepted Answer

A)  fast oxidative. 
B)  fast glycolytic. 
C)  slow oxidative. 
D)  slow glycolytic. 
A)  fast oxidative. 
B)  fast glycolytic. 
C)  slow oxidative. 
D)  slow glycolytic.

Question 7

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using humans versus rodents for experimental studies of muscle plasticity.

Accepted Answer

Humans can be told to follow specific ex

Suppose you are comparing several muscles from the same animal. Which muscle would have the highest power output?

Refer to the figure shown. What is the likely treatment in this figure?

"Double-muscled" animals such as Belgian Blue cattle and whippets have naturally occurring mutations in the gene encoding the protein

Myostatin mutations that increase muscle mass may not be favored by evolution because

The number of myonuclei in a muscle cell is important to the process of muscle repair and hypertrophy because each nucleus must

Based on the phenotype of patients who have been paralyzed for a substantial period of time, scientists have inferred that the default fiber type of skeletal muscle is

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using humans versus rodents for experimental studies of muscle plasticity.

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters

Exam 21: Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Suppose you are comparing several muscles from the same animal. Which muscle would have the highest power output?

Refer to the figure shown. What is the likely treatment in this figure?

"Double-muscled" animals such as Belgian Blue cattle and whippets have naturally occurring mutations in the gene encoding the protein

Myostatin mutations that increase muscle mass may not be favored by evolution because

The number of myonuclei in a muscle cell is important to the process of muscle repair and hypertrophy because each nucleus must

Based on the phenotype of patients who have been paralyzed for a substantial period of time, scientists have inferred that the default fiber type of skeletal muscle is

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using humans versus rodents for experimental studies of muscle plasticity.

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters