Question 1

In amphibians, which of the following is not an effect of ADH release?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kidneys reduce the rate of urine production 
B)  Increases aquaporin insertion into the bladder 
C)  Increases ability for ventral skin surface to absorb water 
D)  Increases NaCl transport into the bladder 
A)  Kidneys reduce the rate of urine production 
B)  Increases aquaporin insertion into the bladder 
C)  Increases ability for ventral skin surface to absorb water 
D)  Increases NaCl transport into the bladder

Question 2

Freshwater animals are

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperosmotic regulators. 
B)  hyposmotic regulators. 
C)  isosmotic conformers. 
D)  hyperosmotic conformers. 
A)  hyperosmotic regulators. 
B)  hyposmotic regulators. 
C)  isosmotic conformers. 
D)  hyperosmotic conformers.

Question 3

Animals that leave a saltwater environment to breed in a freshwater environment are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  anadromous. 
B)  catadromous. 
C)  anadromous and euryhaline. 
D)  catadromous and stenohaline. 
A)  anadromous. 
B)  catadromous. 
C)  anadromous and euryhaline. 
D)  catadromous and stenohaline.

Question 4

If a crayfish's antennal gland is damaged, which function is lost?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensation 
B)  Chemical detection 
C)  Defenses 
D)  Chemical consistency 
A)  Sensation 
B)  Chemical detection 
C)  Defenses 
D)  Chemical consistency

Question 5

If you were to apply an inhibitor that shuts down the mitochondria, what would occur in the gills of freshwater fish?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chloride cells would cease to function. 
B)  Pavement cells would increase in function. 
C)  Sodium uptake would be unaffected. 
D)  Urination would cease. 
A)  Chloride cells would cease to function. 
B)  Pavement cells would increase in function. 
C)  Sodium uptake would be unaffected. 
D)  Urination would cease.

Question 6

The chloride channels in the mitochondria-rich cells of marine teleosts are located on the _______ membrane(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  apical 
B)  basolateral 
C)  blood cell 
D)  apical and basolateral 
A)  apical 
B)  basolateral 
C)  blood cell 
D)  apical and basolateral

Question 7

Choose the best description of a typical marine shark.

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperosmotic and hyperionic to ocean water 
B)  Hyperosmotic but hypoionic to ocean water 
C)  Hypoosmotic but hyperionic to ocean water 
D)  Hypoosmotic and hypoionic to ocean water 
A)  Hyperosmotic and hyperionic to ocean water 
B)  Hyperosmotic but hypoionic to ocean water 
C)  Hypoosmotic but hyperionic to ocean water 
D)  Hypoosmotic and hypoionic to ocean water

Question 8

Newly landlocked populations of sticklebacks are in danger of

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive predation. 
B)  the low osmotic pressure of freshwater. 
C)  the lack of ability to reproduce. 
D)  a lack of omega-3 fatty acids. 
A)  excessive predation. 
B)  the low osmotic pressure of freshwater. 
C)  the lack of ability to reproduce. 
D)  a lack of omega-3 fatty acids.

Question 9

Explain how immunocytochemistry is used to study ion transport in animals.

Accepted Answer

Immunocytochemistry, applied to transpor

Question 10

Which statement about sodium movement in frogs is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium moves across the skin by energy-requiring mechanisms. 
B)  Sodium movement regulates acid-base levels. 
C)  Sodium movement is directly associated with bicarbonate movement. 
D)  Sodium moves across the skin by energy-requiring mechanisms, and its movement regulates acid-base levels. 
A)  Sodium moves across the skin by energy-requiring mechanisms. 
B)  Sodium movement regulates acid-base levels. 
C)  Sodium movement is directly associated with bicarbonate movement. 
D)  Sodium moves across the skin by energy-requiring mechanisms, and its movement regulates acid-base levels.

Question 11

Why have scientists never found European eel eggs or hatchlings in their European freshwater habitats?

Accepted Answer

A)  Larvae do not emerge from buried mud until almost fully grown. 
B)  Eggs are buried and develop on moist land. 
C)  Spawning takes place in the west North Atlantic Ocean. 
D)  Young are developed internally and only released from the mother when close to fully grown. 
A)  Larvae do not emerge from buried mud until almost fully grown. 
B)  Eggs are buried and develop on moist land. 
C)  Spawning takes place in the west North Atlantic Ocean. 
D)  Young are developed internally and only released from the mother when close to fully grown.

Question 12

Which statement about chloride movement in frogs is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chloride moves across the skin by energy-requiring mechanisms. 
B)  Chloride movement regulates to acid-base levels. 
C)  Chloride movement is directly associated with bicarbonate movement. 
D)  Chloride movement is directly associated with proton movement. 
A)  Chloride moves across the skin by energy-requiring mechanisms. 
B)  Chloride movement regulates to acid-base levels. 
C)  Chloride movement is directly associated with bicarbonate movement. 
D)  Chloride movement is directly associated with proton movement.

Question 13

If the osmolarity of freshwater is 100 mOsm, the freshwater animals would regulate their blood to an osmolarity of about _______ mOsm.

Accepted Answer

A)  80 
B)  90 
C)  100 
D)  120 
A)  80 
B)  90 
C)  100 
D)  120

Question 14

In adult freshwater fish, the major site of sodium exchange is the

Accepted Answer

A)  kidney. 
B)  gill. 
C)  heart. 
D)  skin. 
A)  kidney. 
B)  gill. 
C)  heart. 
D)  skin.

Question 15

What characteristic do desert birds have that desert small mammals don't have?

Accepted Answer

A)  They produce excessively hyperosmotic urine. 
B)  Their evaporative water loss is low. 
C)  They do not need to drink. 
D)  They produce feces with no moisture. 
A)  They produce excessively hyperosmotic urine. 
B)  Their evaporative water loss is low. 
C)  They do not need to drink. 
D)  They produce feces with no moisture.

Question 16

Explain how amphibians compensate for water loss.

Accepted Answer

Amphibians have an integument that poses

Question 17

The integument of freshwater crayfish is no more than _______ as permeable to water and sodium as the integument of marine decapods of the same size.

Accepted Answer

A)  10% 
B)  12% 
C)  15% 
D)  21% 
A)  10% 
B)  12% 
C)  15% 
D)  21%

Question 18

Due to chloride active transport in the gills of freshwater fish, the epithelial cells of the gills

Accepted Answer

A)  become increasingly negative because chloride ions are negative. 
B)  become increasingly positive because chloride ions are positive. 
C)  are neutral because each chloride ion is exchanged with a sodium ion. 
D)  are neutral because each chloride ion is exchanged with a bicarbonate ion. 
A)  become increasingly negative because chloride ions are negative. 
B)  become increasingly positive because chloride ions are positive. 
C)  are neutral because each chloride ion is exchanged with a sodium ion. 
D)  are neutral because each chloride ion is exchanged with a bicarbonate ion.

Question 19

All freshwater animals regulate their blood osmotic pressures at levels _______ to fresh water.

Accepted Answer

A)  isosmotic 
B)  hyperosmotic 
C)  hyposmotic 
D)  isotonic 
A)  isosmotic 
B)  hyperosmotic 
C)  hyposmotic 
D)  isotonic

Question 20

When a marine teleost drinks seawater, what occurs initially in the gut?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water from the body tissues moves into the gut. 
B)  Salts from the body tissues moves into the gut. 
C)  Peristaltic action increases. 
D)  Water is actively transported from the gut into the tissues. 
A)  Water from the body tissues moves into the gut. 
B)  Salts from the body tissues moves into the gut. 
C)  Peristaltic action increases. 
D)  Water is actively transported from the gut into the tissues.

Exam 28: Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

In amphibians, which of the following is not an effect of ADH release?

Freshwater animals are

Animals that leave a saltwater environment to breed in a freshwater environment are known as

If a crayfish's antennal gland is damaged, which function is lost?

If you were to apply an inhibitor that shuts down the mitochondria, what would occur in the gills of freshwater fish?

The chloride channels in the mitochondria-rich cells of marine teleosts are located on the _______ membrane(s).

Choose the best description of a typical marine shark.

Newly landlocked populations of sticklebacks are in danger of

Explain how immunocytochemistry is used to study ion transport in animals.

Which statement about sodium movement in frogs is true?

Why have scientists never found European eel eggs or hatchlings in their European freshwater habitats?

Which statement about chloride movement in frogs is false?

If the osmolarity of freshwater is 100 mOsm, the freshwater animals would regulate their blood to an osmolarity of about _______ mOsm.

In adult freshwater fish, the major site of sodium exchange is the

What characteristic do desert birds have that desert small mammals don't have?

Explain how amphibians compensate for water loss.

The integument of freshwater crayfish is no more than _______ as permeable to water and sodium as the integument of marine decapods of the same size.

Due to chloride active transport in the gills of freshwater fish, the epithelial cells of the gills

All freshwater animals regulate their blood osmotic pressures at levels _______ to fresh water.

When a marine teleost drinks seawater, what occurs initially in the gut?

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

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