Question 1

The kidneys of marine teleosts produce urine at a rate that is _______ compared to freshwater teleosts.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher 
B)  lower 
C)  similar 
D)  more variable 
A)  higher 
B)  lower 
C)  similar 
D)  more variable

Question 2

Refer to the figure shown.
  The line indicated by the number I represents

Accepted Answer

A)  total evaporative water loss. 
B)  cutaneous water loss. 
C)  respiratory water loss. 
D)  metabolic water production. 
A)  total evaporative water loss. 
B)  cutaneous water loss. 
C)  respiratory water loss. 
D)  metabolic water production.

Question 3

Due to sodium active transport in gills of freshwater fish, the epithelial cells of the gills

Accepted Answer

A)  become increasingly negative because sodium ions are negative. 
B)  become increasingly positive because sodium ions are positive. 
C)  are neutral because each sodium ion is exchanged with a proton. 
D)  are neutral because each sodium ion is exchanged with a chloride ion. 
A)  become increasingly negative because sodium ions are negative. 
B)  become increasingly positive because sodium ions are positive. 
C)  are neutral because each sodium ion is exchanged with a proton. 
D)  are neutral because each sodium ion is exchanged with a chloride ion.

Question 4

Which statement about chloride cells is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They produce a lot of carbon dioxide. 
B)  They take up a lot of nutrients, such as glucose and fatty acids. 
C)  They are surrounded by pavement cells. 
D)  They are found in the gills of freshwater fish in greater quantities than pavement cells. 
A)  They produce a lot of carbon dioxide. 
B)  They take up a lot of nutrients, such as glucose and fatty acids. 
C)  They are surrounded by pavement cells. 
D)  They are found in the gills of freshwater fish in greater quantities than pavement cells.

Question 5

Why is the European eel classified as catadromous?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is hyperosmotic to freshwater. 
B)  It is hyposmostic to seawater. 
C)  It migrates to the ocean to spawn. 
D)  It migrates to freshwater to spawn. 
A)  It is hyperosmotic to freshwater. 
B)  It is hyposmostic to seawater. 
C)  It migrates to the ocean to spawn. 
D)  It migrates to freshwater to spawn.

Question 6

Squids' inner body fluid is

Accepted Answer

A)  hyposmotic to seawater. 
B)  hyperosmotic to seawater. 
C)  isosmotic to seawater. 
D)  sometimes hyperosmotic and sometimes hyposmotic to seawater. 
A)  hyposmotic to seawater. 
B)  hyperosmotic to seawater. 
C)  isosmotic to seawater. 
D)  sometimes hyperosmotic and sometimes hyposmotic to seawater.

Question 7

Freshwater animals tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  lose water and gain ions. 
B)  gain water and ions. 
C)  gain water and lose ions. 
D)  lose water and ions. 
A)  lose water and gain ions. 
B)  gain water and ions. 
C)  gain water and lose ions. 
D)  lose water and ions.

Question 8

Refer to the figure shown.
  What is the greatest contributor to total water loss in this animal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humidity 
B)  Feces 
C)  Urine 
D)  Evaporation 
A)  Humidity 
B)  Feces 
C)  Urine 
D)  Evaporation

Question 9

Refer to the figure shown.
  The line indicated by the number II represents

Accepted Answer

A)  total evaporative water loss. 
B)  cutaneous water loss. 
C)  respiratory water loss. 
D)  metabolic water production. 
A)  total evaporative water loss. 
B)  cutaneous water loss. 
C)  respiratory water loss. 
D)  metabolic water production.

Question 10

Which hormone promotes diuresis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aldosterone 
B)  Antidiuretic hormone 
C)  Atrial natriuretic peptide 
D)  Diuretic hormone 
A)  Aldosterone 
B)  Antidiuretic hormone 
C)  Atrial natriuretic peptide 
D)  Diuretic hormone

Question 11

To survive the disappearance of their pond, the lungfish

Accepted Answer

A)  crawls in search of the nearest body of water. 
B)  reproduces and the young enter a state of suspended animation. 
C)  creates a cocoon and enters a state of metabolic depression. 
D)  creates a cocoon and continues normal metabolism. 
A)  crawls in search of the nearest body of water. 
B)  reproduces and the young enter a state of suspended animation. 
C)  creates a cocoon and enters a state of metabolic depression. 
D)  creates a cocoon and continues normal metabolism.

Question 12

Why are stickleback populations especially useful for understanding physiological evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sticklebacks are catadromous. 
B)  Sticklebacks are found all over the world. 
C)  There are many isolated populations of sticklebacks in landlocked freshwater lakes. 
D)  Sticklebacks have been around as a species for millions of years. 
A)  Sticklebacks are catadromous. 
B)  Sticklebacks are found all over the world. 
C)  There are many isolated populations of sticklebacks in landlocked freshwater lakes. 
D)  Sticklebacks have been around as a species for millions of years.

Question 13

Animals that can live in dry, water poor environments are called

Accepted Answer

A)  anadromous. 
B)  xeric. 
C)  catadromous. 
D)  stenohaline. 
A)  anadromous. 
B)  xeric. 
C)  catadromous. 
D)  stenohaline.

Question 14

In adult freshwater teleosts, ion exchange occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A)  gill lamellae. 
B)  gill arches. 
C)  gill filaments. 
D)  skin. 
A)  gill lamellae. 
B)  gill arches. 
C)  gill filaments. 
D)  skin.

Question 15

You conduct an experiment in which you make the environment of freshwater fish highly basic. You then isolate the ionocytes and conduct an immunocytochemistry technique. Under these conditions, you would be most likely to observe _______ in Cl-/HCO3- protein expression.

Accepted Answer

A)  a drastic increase 
B)  a drastic decrease 
C)  a slight decrease 
D)  no change in 
A)  a drastic increase 
B)  a drastic decrease 
C)  a slight decrease 
D)  no change in

Question 16

Why do freshwater fish make dilute urine?

Accepted Answer

To save energy. When producing dilute ur

Question 17

Based on the immunohistochemistry method used, the most common proteins found in the cells of gills in freshwater teleosts are

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+-K+-ATPases. 
B)  Na+/Cl- cotransporters. 
C)  Na+/Cl-/K+ cotransporters. 
D)  Na+-K+-ATPases and Na+/Cl-/K+ cotransporters. 
A)  Na+-K+-ATPases. 
B)  Na+/Cl- cotransporters. 
C)  Na+/Cl-/K+ cotransporters. 
D)  Na+-K+-ATPases and Na+/Cl-/K+ cotransporters.

Question 18

Why is the permeability of a freshwater animal's integument to water and ions relatively low?

Accepted Answer

In freshwater animals, evolution selecte

Question 19

If a researcher applies BAPTA, a calcium chelator (binds calcium), to the environment of freshwater fish, the

Accepted Answer

A)  number of chloride cells in the fish will increase. 
B)  number of chloride cells in the fish will decrease. 
C)  number of chloride cells in the fish will remain the same. 
D)  oxygen uptake ability in the fish will increase. 
A)  number of chloride cells in the fish will increase. 
B)  number of chloride cells in the fish will decrease. 
C)  number of chloride cells in the fish will remain the same. 
D)  oxygen uptake ability in the fish will increase.

Question 20

Which substance produces nitrogen waste when catabolized?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lipids 
B)  Carbohydrates 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Triglycerides 
A)  Lipids 
B)  Carbohydrates 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Triglycerides

Exam 28: Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

The kidneys of marine teleosts produce urine at a rate that is _______ compared to freshwater teleosts.

Refer to the figure shown. The line indicated by the number I represents

Due to sodium active transport in gills of freshwater fish, the epithelial cells of the gills

Which statement about chloride cells is false?

Why is the European eel classified as catadromous?

Squids' inner body fluid is

Freshwater animals tend to

Refer to the figure shown. What is the greatest contributor to total water loss in this animal?

Refer to the figure shown. The line indicated by the number II represents

Which hormone promotes diuresis?

To survive the disappearance of their pond, the lungfish

Why are stickleback populations especially useful for understanding physiological evolution?

Animals that can live in dry, water poor environments are called

In adult freshwater teleosts, ion exchange occurs in the

You conduct an experiment in which you make the environment of freshwater fish highly basic. You then isolate the ionocytes and conduct an immunocytochemistry technique. Under these conditions, you would be most likely to observe _______ in Cl-/HCO3- protein expression.

Why do freshwater fish make dilute urine?

Based on the immunohistochemistry method used, the most common proteins found in the cells of gills in freshwater teleosts are

Why is the permeability of a freshwater animal's integument to water and ions relatively low?

If a researcher applies BAPTA, a calcium chelator (binds calcium), to the environment of freshwater fish, the

Which substance produces nitrogen waste when catabolized?

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Filters

You conduct an experiment in which you make the environment of freshwater fish highly basic. You then isolate the ionocytes and conduct an immunocytochemistry technique. Under these conditions, you would be most likely to observe _______ in Cl^-/HCO₃^- protein expression.