Question 1

Which of the following choices correctly identifies a reactant in the following chemical equation? CO2 + H2O$\harr$H2CO3

Accepted Answer

A)  carbonic acid 
B)  oxygen 
C)  water 
D)  sugar 
E)  carbon monoxide 
A)  carbonic acid 
B)  oxygen 
C)  water 
D)  sugar 
E)  carbon monoxide

Question 2

Which component is the oxidizing agent in the following chemical reaction? 4 Fe + 3 O2 $\rightarrow$2 Fe2O3

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  iron 
C)  oxygen 
D)  rust 
E)  hydrogen 
A)  water 
B)  iron 
C)  oxygen 
D)  rust 
E)  hydrogen

Question 3

An organic compound differs from an inorganic compound in that an organic compound:

Accepted Answer

A)  contains carbon. 
B)  contains two or more atoms. 
C)  lacks valence electrons. 
D)  lacks isotopes. 
E)  is basic rather than acidic. 
A)  contains carbon. 
B)  contains two or more atoms. 
C)  lacks valence electrons. 
D)  lacks isotopes. 
E)  is basic rather than acidic.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is not correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water heats up and cools down very quickly. 
B)  The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 $\degree$C is one calorie. 
C)  Due to hydrogen bonds, water has a high surface tension. 
D)  Large bodies of water have relatively constant temperatures. 
E)  When one gram of water evaporates, it removes heat. 
A)  Water heats up and cools down very quickly. 
B)  The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 $\degree$C is one calorie. 
C)  Due to hydrogen bonds, water has a high surface tension. 
D)  Large bodies of water have relatively constant temperatures. 
E)  When one gram of water evaporates, it removes heat.

Question 5

Identify the hydrogen ion concentration that represents the lowest pH from the following list:

Accepted Answer

A)  1 *10 - 3 
B)  1 * 10- 4 
C)  1 * 10 - 7 
D)  1 *10-11 
E)  1 *10-14 
A)  1 *10 - 3 
B)  1 * 10- 4 
C)  1 * 10 - 7 
D)  1 *10-11 
E)  1 *10-14

Question 6

A salt is a compound in which the hydrogen ion of __________ is replaced by some other cation.

Accepted Answer

A)  a base 
B)  an acid 
C)  an anion 
D)  a hydroxide ion 
E)  water 
A)  a base 
B)  an acid 
C)  an anion 
D)  a hydroxide ion 
E)  water

Question 7

The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by most directly by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  atomic number. 
B)  atomic weight. 
C)  number of energy levels. 
D)  number of valence electrons. 
E)  number of neutrons. 
A)  atomic number. 
B)  atomic weight. 
C)  number of energy levels. 
D)  number of valence electrons. 
E)  number of neutrons.

Question 8

Table salt dissolves easily in water because:

Accepted Answer

A)  water can form covalent linkages with salt molecules. 
B)  water can remove electrons from the chloride ion, which causes the latter to dissociate from the sodium and dissolve. 
C)  water can add electrons to the sodium ion. 
D)  water is polar and salt is nonpolar.Nonpolar compounds are more soluble in polar solvents because they are able to form strong covalent bonds that result in a breaking up of the molecule being dissolved. 
E)  the partial positive charge of the hydrogens in the water molecule can associate with the negative charge of the chloride ion, and the partial negative charge of the oxygen of the water molecule can associate with the positive charge of the sodium atom. 
A)  water can form covalent linkages with salt molecules. 
B)  water can remove electrons from the chloride ion, which causes the latter to dissociate from the sodium and dissolve. 
C)  water can add electrons to the sodium ion. 
D)  water is polar and salt is nonpolar.Nonpolar compounds are more soluble in polar solvents because they are able to form strong covalent bonds that result in a breaking up of the molecule being dissolved. 
E)  the partial positive charge of the hydrogens in the water molecule can associate with the negative charge of the chloride ion, and the partial negative charge of the oxygen of the water molecule can associate with the positive charge of the sodium atom.

Question 9

MATCHING
Match the type of bond or interaction with its description.
a.hydrogen bond
c.ionic bond
b.van de Waals interaction
d.covalent bond
-Very weak attractive force joining nonpolar molecules

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the type of bond or interaction...

Question 10

This characteristic of a molecule determines the ability of hydrogen bonds to form between it and hydrogen:

Accepted Answer

A)  A nonpolar atom. 
B)  An atom with a partial positive charge. 
C)  An atom with a partial negative charge. 
D)  A hydrophobic molecule. 
E)  An atom with a filled valence shell. 
A)  A nonpolar atom. 
B)  An atom with a partial positive charge. 
C)  An atom with a partial negative charge. 
D)  A hydrophobic molecule. 
E)  An atom with a filled valence shell.

Question 11

It takes 1 calorie of heat to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius at sea level.This is referred to as the __________ of water.

Accepted Answer

A)  heat of fusion 
B)  heat of vaporization 
C)  specific heat 
D)  heat of transformation 
E)  heat of homeostasis 
A)  heat of fusion 
B)  heat of vaporization 
C)  specific heat 
D)  heat of transformation 
E)  heat of homeostasis

Question 12

As a researcher, you are charged with determining the side effects of a new drug.From previous observations, you suspect that this drug reduces the rate of DNA production (replication) within skin cells of patients using the drug.With the following materials, design an experiment that would answer your questions about the effect of the drug on DNA production.You know that: DNA contains phosphate groups.You have: radioactive isotopes of phosphate (32P), skin cell cultures from various patients, the drug in question, and a device that measures radioactivity.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Construction of an

Question 13

If atom X contains 14 protons, 13 electrons, and 12 neutrons, and atom Y contains 14 protons, 14 electrons, and 12 neutrons, then you conclude that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Y is an ion but X is not. 
B)  X and Y are both ions. 
C)  X and Y both have filled valence shells. 
D)  X and Y are isotopes of the same element. 
E)  X and Y are atoms of the same element. 
A)  Y is an ion but X is not. 
B)  X and Y are both ions. 
C)  X and Y both have filled valence shells. 
D)  X and Y are isotopes of the same element. 
E)  X and Y are atoms of the same element.

Question 14

Which of the following would most likely form electrolytes in water?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  ethanol 
C)  an organic compound 
D)  an inorganic compound 
E)  a nonionic compound 
A)  glucose 
B)  ethanol 
C)  an organic compound 
D)  an inorganic compound 
E)  a nonionic compound

Question 15

Water is most dense at 4 C.
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

An atom having a filled valence shell is stable and unreactive.
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The representation H-O-H is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  a structural formula. 
B)  a simplest formula. 
C)  a molecular formula. 
D)  a Lewis structure. 
E)  an orbital diagram. 
A)  a structural formula. 
B)  a simplest formula. 
C)  a molecular formula. 
D)  a Lewis structure. 
E)  an orbital diagram.

Question 18

A solution having a pH of 6 would:

Accepted Answer

A)  have equal concentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. 
B)  have a higher concentrations of hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions. 
C)  be slightly acidic. 
D)  be slightly basic. 
E)  be neutral. 
A)  have equal concentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. 
B)  have a higher concentrations of hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions. 
C)  be slightly acidic. 
D)  be slightly basic. 
E)  be neutral.

Question 19

Evaporative cooling is a process whereby __________ moving __________ molecules vaporize, thus __________ large amounts of heat.

Accepted Answer

A)  slow; water; adding 
B)  fast; water; removing 
C)  slow; oxygen; adding 
D)  fast; oxygen; removing 
E)  fast; carbon dioxide; removing 
A)  slow; water; adding 
B)  fast; water; removing 
C)  slow; oxygen; adding 
D)  fast; oxygen; removing 
E)  fast; carbon dioxide; removing

Question 20

A substance that is resistant to changes in pH is called a buffer.
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 2: Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

Which of the following choices correctly identifies a reactant in the following chemical equation? CO2 + H2O ↔\harr↔ H2CO3

Which component is the oxidizing agent in the following chemical reaction? 4 Fe + 3 O2 →\rightarrow→ 2 Fe2O3

An organic compound differs from an inorganic compound in that an organic compound:

Which of the following statements is not correct?

Identify the hydrogen ion concentration that represents the lowest pH from the following list:

A salt is a compound in which the hydrogen ion of __________ is replaced by some other cation.

The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by most directly by the:

Table salt dissolves easily in water because:

MATCHING Match the type of bond or interaction with its description. a.hydrogen bond c.ionic bond b.van de Waals interaction d.covalent bond -Very weak attractive force joining nonpolar molecules

This characteristic of a molecule determines the ability of hydrogen bonds to form between it and hydrogen:

It takes 1 calorie of heat to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius at sea level.This is referred to as the __________ of water.

If atom X contains 14 protons, 13 electrons, and 12 neutrons, and atom Y contains 14 protons, 14 electrons, and 12 neutrons, then you conclude that:

Which of the following would most likely form electrolytes in water?

Water is most dense at 4 C. __________________

An atom having a filled valence shell is stable and unreactive. __________________

The representation H-O-H is known as:

A solution having a pH of 6 would:

Evaporative cooling is a process whereby __________ moving __________ molecules vaporize, thus __________ large amounts of heat.

A substance that is resistant to changes in pH is called a buffer. __________________

A View of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna: the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Which of the following choices correctly identifies a reactant in the following chemical equation? CO₂ + H₂O $\harr$ H₂CO₃

Which component is the oxidizing agent in the following chemical reaction? 4 Fe + 3 O₂ $\rightarrow$ 2 Fe₂O₃

Evaporative cooling is a process whereby moving molecules vaporize, thus __ large amounts of heat.