Question 1

The sum of all chemical activities taking place in an organism is:

Accepted Answer

A)  anabolism. 
B)  catabolism. 
C)  metabolism. 
D)  dehydration synthesis. 
E)  condensation reactions. 
A)  anabolism. 
B)  catabolism. 
C)  metabolism. 
D)  dehydration synthesis. 
E)  condensation reactions.

Question 2

Only 20% to 30% of the energy stored in the chemical bonds of gasoline molecules is transformed into mechanical energy; the other 70% to 80% is dissipated as waste heat.Which statement explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  The first law of thermodynamics. 
B)  The second law of thermodynamics. 
C)  When energy is converted from one form to another, some of the energy is converted into heat. 
D)  Both the first and second laws of thermodynamics. 
E)  Both the second law of thermodynamics, as well as the observation that the conversion of energy involves some energy being converted to heat. 
A)  The first law of thermodynamics. 
B)  The second law of thermodynamics. 
C)  When energy is converted from one form to another, some of the energy is converted into heat. 
D)  Both the first and second laws of thermodynamics. 
E)  Both the second law of thermodynamics, as well as the observation that the conversion of energy involves some energy being converted to heat.

Question 3

Which of the following statements concerning activation energy is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exergonic reactions have an energy of activation. 
B)  Endergonic reactions have an energy of activation. 
C)  Enzymes lower a reaction's activation energy. 
D)  Catalysts raise a reaction's activation energy. 
E)  Activation energy is the energy required to break existing bonds. 
A)  Exergonic reactions have an energy of activation. 
B)  Endergonic reactions have an energy of activation. 
C)  Enzymes lower a reaction's activation energy. 
D)  Catalysts raise a reaction's activation energy. 
E)  Activation energy is the energy required to break existing bonds.

Question 4

The cell maintains a ratio of ATP to ADP that is at the equilibrium point.
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

FAD and cytochromes are classified as:

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen or electron acceptors. 
B)  phosphate oxidizers. 
C)  phosphate reducers. 
D)  proteins that donate hydrogens or electrons. 
E)  redox intermediate catalysts. 
A)  hydrogen or electron acceptors. 
B)  phosphate oxidizers. 
C)  phosphate reducers. 
D)  proteins that donate hydrogens or electrons. 
E)  redox intermediate catalysts.

Question 6

Kilojoules are:

Accepted Answer

A)  units of heat energy. 
B)  units of matter. 
C)  units of work. 
D)  units of kinetics. 
E)  units of mechanical change. 
A)  units of heat energy. 
B)  units of matter. 
C)  units of work. 
D)  units of kinetics. 
E)  units of mechanical change.

Question 7

An exergonic reaction results in a net gain of free energy.
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The equation, G = H -TS, predicts that:

Accepted Answer

A)  as entropy increases, the amount of free energy decreases. 
B)  as enthalpy increases, the amount of free energy increases. 
C)  as enthalpy decreases, the amount of entropy also decreases. 
D)  metabolism decreases proportionately to anabolism. 
E)  metabolism increases proportionately to catabolism. 
A)  as entropy increases, the amount of free energy decreases. 
B)  as enthalpy increases, the amount of free energy increases. 
C)  as enthalpy decreases, the amount of entropy also decreases. 
D)  metabolism decreases proportionately to anabolism. 
E)  metabolism increases proportionately to catabolism.

Question 9

Because enzymes affect the speed of chemical reactions without being consumed, they are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen acceptors. 
B)  activation energy. 
C)  catalysts. 
D)  cytochromes. 
E)  transformation proteins. 
A)  hydrogen acceptors. 
B)  activation energy. 
C)  catalysts. 
D)  cytochromes. 
E)  transformation proteins.

Question 10

Select the phosphorylation reaction:

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose + fructose $\rightarrow$ sucrose + H2O 
B)  glucose + ATP $\rightarrow$ glucose-P + ADP 
C)  glucose-P + fructose $\rightarrow$ sucrose + Pi 
D)  glucose + glucose $\rightarrow$maltose 
E)  sucrose + H2O $\rightarrow$ glucose + fructose 
A)  glucose + fructose $\rightarrow$ sucrose + H2O 
B)  glucose + ATP $\rightarrow$ glucose-P + ADP 
C)  glucose-P + fructose $\rightarrow$ sucrose + Pi 
D)  glucose + glucose $\rightarrow$maltose 
E)  sucrose + H2O $\rightarrow$ glucose + fructose

Question 11

Select the reduced molecule:

Accepted Answer

A)  NAD+ 
B)  FAD 
C)  NADH 
D)  H - 
E)  NADP+ 
A)  NAD+ 
B)  FAD 
C)  NADH 
D)  H - 
E)  NADP+

Question 12

The substance on which an enzyme acts is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  substrate. 
B)  product. 
C)  ATP. 
D)  free energy. 
E)  cofactor. 
A)  substrate. 
B)  product. 
C)  ATP. 
D)  free energy. 
E)  cofactor.

Question 13

Figure 7-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-Parts of the enzyme molecule that interact with a substrate are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  cofactors. 
B)  active sites. 
C)  induced-fit models. 
D)  orientation sites. 
E)  reaction sites. 
A)  cofactors. 
B)  active sites. 
C)  induced-fit models. 
D)  orientation sites. 
E)  reaction sites.

Question 14

How is it possible for an enzyme to lower the required energy of activation for a reaction?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Specificity of the

Question 15

Select the compound that contains the most energy:

Accepted Answer

A)  AMP 
B)  ADP 
C)  ATP 
D)  Pi 
E)  AMP, ADP, ATP and Pi all contain equal amounts of energy. 
A)  AMP 
B)  ADP 
C)  ATP 
D)  Pi 
E)  AMP, ADP, ATP and Pi all contain equal amounts of energy.

Question 16

At a constant temperature and pH, the rate of an enzymatically catalyzed reaction is inversely proportional to the enzyme concentration.
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Explain the process of feedback inhibition.What role do allosteric regulators play in this process?

Accepted Answer

In feedback inhibition, the product of a

Question 18

An exergonic reaction is considered to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous. 
B)  potentially spontaneous. 
C)  endergonic. 
D)  nonspontaneous. 
E)  energy requiring. 
A)  spontaneous. 
B)  potentially spontaneous. 
C)  endergonic. 
D)  nonspontaneous. 
E)  energy requiring.

Question 19

Explain the second law of thermodynamics in your own words, and briefly explain how this law applies to living organisms.

Accepted Answer

The second law of thermodynamics states

Question 20

Competitive inhibitors inhibit biochemical reactions in such a way as to seemingly:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the concentration of substrate. 
B)  reduce the concentration of enzyme. 
C)  increase the concentration of enzyme. 
D)  reduce the concentration of substrate. 
E)  denature the enzyme. 
A)  increase the concentration of substrate. 
B)  reduce the concentration of enzyme. 
C)  increase the concentration of enzyme. 
D)  reduce the concentration of substrate. 
E)  denature the enzyme.

Exam 7: Energy and Metabolism

The sum of all chemical activities taking place in an organism is:

Only 20% to 30% of the energy stored in the chemical bonds of gasoline molecules is transformed into mechanical energy; the other 70% to 80% is dissipated as waste heat.Which statement explains this phenomenon?

Which of the following statements concerning activation energy is FALSE?

The cell maintains a ratio of ATP to ADP that is at the equilibrium point. __________________

FAD and cytochromes are classified as:

Kilojoules are:

An exergonic reaction results in a net gain of free energy. __________________

The equation, G = H -TS, predicts that:

Because enzymes affect the speed of chemical reactions without being consumed, they are referred to as:

Select the phosphorylation reaction:

Select the reduced molecule:

The substance on which an enzyme acts is called the:

Figure 7-2 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -Parts of the enzyme molecule that interact with a substrate are called:

How is it possible for an enzyme to lower the required energy of activation for a reaction?

Select the compound that contains the most energy:

At a constant temperature and pH, the rate of an enzymatically catalyzed reaction is inversely proportional to the enzyme concentration. __________________

Explain the process of feedback inhibition.What role do allosteric regulators play in this process?

An exergonic reaction is considered to be:

Explain the second law of thermodynamics in your own words, and briefly explain how this law applies to living organisms.

Competitive inhibitors inhibit biochemical reactions in such a way as to seemingly:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna: the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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