Question 1

Following peptide bond formation between the amino acid in the A site on the ribosome and the growing polypeptide chain, the tRNA in the A site:

Accepted Answer

A)  releases the growing polypeptide chain. 
B)  picks up another amino acid to add to the chain. 
C)  moves to the P site of the ribosome. 
D)  forms a peptide bond with A site of the ribosome. 
E)  forms a covalent bond with the P site of the ribosome. 
A)  releases the growing polypeptide chain. 
B)  picks up another amino acid to add to the chain. 
C)  moves to the P site of the ribosome. 
D)  forms a peptide bond with A site of the ribosome. 
E)  forms a covalent bond with the P site of the ribosome.

Question 2

Leader sequences contain signals that:

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent enzymes from degrading the newly synthesized mRNA. 
B)  inhibit ribosome binding until the appropriate time. 
C)  initiate chain termination. 
D)  allow the ribosomes to be properly positioned to translate the message. 
E)  allow tRNA molecules to successfully bind to mRNA. 
A)  prevent enzymes from degrading the newly synthesized mRNA. 
B)  inhibit ribosome binding until the appropriate time. 
C)  initiate chain termination. 
D)  allow the ribosomes to be properly positioned to translate the message. 
E)  allow tRNA molecules to successfully bind to mRNA.

Question 3

Introns in pre-mRNA are known to:

Accepted Answer

A)  code for specific protein domains. 
B)  undergo excision, whereby they are spliced out of the message. 
C)  be able to move within the mRNA, thereby giving rise to new exon combinations. 
D)  protect pre mRNA from enzyme degradation. 
E)  code for important amino acid sequences. 
A)  code for specific protein domains. 
B)  undergo excision, whereby they are spliced out of the message. 
C)  be able to move within the mRNA, thereby giving rise to new exon combinations. 
D)  protect pre mRNA from enzyme degradation. 
E)  code for important amino acid sequences.

Question 4

Linus Pauling demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the structure of hemoglobin was altered by a mutation of a single gene. 
B)  mutations only caused defects in enzymes. 
C)  mutations alter the structure of RNA, but not proteins. 
D)  mutations were inherited. 
E)  the structure of hemoglobin was altered by mutations in any of a dozen genes. 
A)  the structure of hemoglobin was altered by a mutation of a single gene. 
B)  mutations only caused defects in enzymes. 
C)  mutations alter the structure of RNA, but not proteins. 
D)  mutations were inherited. 
E)  the structure of hemoglobin was altered by mutations in any of a dozen genes.

Question 5

In eukaryotes, the initiator tRNA carries the amino acid leucine.
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Proteins synthesized in bacteria have which of the following at their amino terminal end?

Accepted Answer

A)  N-formyl-methionine 
B)  N-acetyl-adenine 
C)  adenine triphosphate 
D)  the AUG codon 
E)  the UUU codon 
A)  N-formyl-methionine 
B)  N-acetyl-adenine 
C)  adenine triphosphate 
D)  the AUG codon 
E)  the UUU codon

Question 7

The nucleotide sequence in RNA to which RNA polymerase binds is called the promoter.
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

List the main steps involved in converting pre-mRNA to mRNA.

Accepted Answer

1) addition of a 5'cap, 2) add

Question 9

If a human gene mRNA were placed into a cell of yeast, it would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  degraded immediately. 
B)  translated into a repeating amino acid chain. 
C)  translated into a chain of random amino acids not resembling the protein in humans. 
D)  translated into the protein that is found in humans. 
E)  integrated into the genome of the yeast. 
A)  degraded immediately. 
B)  translated into a repeating amino acid chain. 
C)  translated into a chain of random amino acids not resembling the protein in humans. 
D)  translated into the protein that is found in humans. 
E)  integrated into the genome of the yeast.

Question 10

Garrod first proposed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic defects were due to the lack of an enzyme. 
B)  metabolic defects were due to excess enzyme production. 
C)  metabolic defects were due to chromosomal changes. 
D)  mutations were inheritable. 
E)  metabolic defects did not occur in humans. 
A)  metabolic defects were due to the lack of an enzyme. 
B)  metabolic defects were due to excess enzyme production. 
C)  metabolic defects were due to chromosomal changes. 
D)  mutations were inheritable. 
E)  metabolic defects did not occur in humans.

Question 11

Transcription and translation occur simultaneously in prokaryotes.Why can't this process take place in eukaryotes? What disadvantage results from such linking in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: The main barrier t

Question 12

A polyribosome is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a complex of many ribosomes and an mRNA. 
B)  a complex of many ribosomes in eukaryotes. 
C)  an initiation complex in eukaryotes. 
D)  an elongation complex in eukaryotes. 
E)  a complex of a ribosome with its two subunits and several mRNAs. 
A)  a complex of many ribosomes and an mRNA. 
B)  a complex of many ribosomes in eukaryotes. 
C)  an initiation complex in eukaryotes. 
D)  an elongation complex in eukaryotes. 
E)  a complex of a ribosome with its two subunits and several mRNAs.

Question 13

A sequence of bases located upstream from a reference point occurs:

Accepted Answer

A)  towards the 3'end of the amino acid sequence. 
B)  towards the 5' end of the mRNA sequence. 
C)  towards the 3' end of the mRNA sequence. 
D)  towards the 5' end of the transcribed DNA strand. 
E)  towards the carboxyl end of the amino acid sequence. 
A)  towards the 3'end of the amino acid sequence. 
B)  towards the 5' end of the mRNA sequence. 
C)  towards the 3' end of the mRNA sequence. 
D)  towards the 5' end of the transcribed DNA strand. 
E)  towards the carboxyl end of the amino acid sequence.

Question 14

Binding of the appropriate aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site requires:

Accepted Answer

A)  no additional energy. 
B)  the input of two ATP molecules to supply the needed energy. 
C)  energy supplied by GTP. 
D)  activation of the A site. 
E)  phosphorylation of the tRNA molecule. 
A)  no additional energy. 
B)  the input of two ATP molecules to supply the needed energy. 
C)  energy supplied by GTP. 
D)  activation of the A site. 
E)  phosphorylation of the tRNA molecule.

Question 15

In the process of transcription, incoming RNA nucleotides are in the form of their triphosphates.
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Signal-recognition particle RNA is involved in directing the ribosome-mRNA-polypeptide complex to the rough ER.
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Walter Gilbert proposed that exons are:

Accepted Answer

A)  remnants of older life forms. 
B)  sequences that code for protein domains that are shuffled to form new proteins. 
C)  the result of mutation of introns. 
D)  not present in prokaryotes. 
E)  sequences that interrupt the coding sequences of proteins. 
A)  remnants of older life forms. 
B)  sequences that code for protein domains that are shuffled to form new proteins. 
C)  the result of mutation of introns. 
D)  not present in prokaryotes. 
E)  sequences that interrupt the coding sequences of proteins.

Question 18

A gene can now be defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  a DNA sequence that carries information to produce a specific RNA or protein product. 
B)  a DNA nucleotide sequence that carries information to produce a specific polypeptide. 
C)  a DNA or RNA sequence that carries information to produce a single polypeptide. 
D)  a DNA nucleotide sequence that carries information to produce an enzyme. 
E)  a DNA or RNA sequence that carries information to produce a specific polypeptide. 
A)  a DNA sequence that carries information to produce a specific RNA or protein product. 
B)  a DNA nucleotide sequence that carries information to produce a specific polypeptide. 
C)  a DNA or RNA sequence that carries information to produce a single polypeptide. 
D)  a DNA nucleotide sequence that carries information to produce an enzyme. 
E)  a DNA or RNA sequence that carries information to produce a specific polypeptide.

Question 19

The wobble hypothesis states that:

Accepted Answer

A)  more than one ribosome can bind to an mRNA molecule. 
B)  some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon. 
C)  there is more than one stop codon in the genetic code. 
D)  a particular amino acid may be linked to more than one type of tRNA molecule. 
E)  certain tRNA anticodons can pair with more than one codon sequence. 
A)  more than one ribosome can bind to an mRNA molecule. 
B)  some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon. 
C)  there is more than one stop codon in the genetic code. 
D)  a particular amino acid may be linked to more than one type of tRNA molecule. 
E)  certain tRNA anticodons can pair with more than one codon sequence.

Question 20

Interrupted coding sequences include long sequences of bases that do not code for amino acids.These noncoding sequences, called __________, are found in __________ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  exons; only prokaryotic 
B)  introns; only prokaryotic 
C)  exons; only eukaryotic 
D)  introns; only eukaryotic 
E)  exons; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic 
A)  exons; only prokaryotic 
B)  introns; only prokaryotic 
C)  exons; only eukaryotic 
D)  introns; only eukaryotic 
E)  exons; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Exam 13: Gene Expression

Following peptide bond formation between the amino acid in the A site on the ribosome and the growing polypeptide chain, the tRNA in the A site:

Leader sequences contain signals that:

Introns in pre-mRNA are known to:

Linus Pauling demonstrated that:

In eukaryotes, the initiator tRNA carries the amino acid leucine. __________________

Proteins synthesized in bacteria have which of the following at their amino terminal end?

The nucleotide sequence in RNA to which RNA polymerase binds is called the promoter. __________________

List the main steps involved in converting pre-mRNA to mRNA.

If a human gene mRNA were placed into a cell of yeast, it would be:

Garrod first proposed that:

Transcription and translation occur simultaneously in prokaryotes.Why can't this process take place in eukaryotes? What disadvantage results from such linking in prokaryotes?

A polyribosome is:

A sequence of bases located upstream from a reference point occurs:

Binding of the appropriate aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site requires:

In the process of transcription, incoming RNA nucleotides are in the form of their triphosphates. __________________

Signal-recognition particle RNA is involved in directing the ribosome-mRNA-polypeptide complex to the rough ER. __________________

Walter Gilbert proposed that exons are:

A gene can now be defined as:

The wobble hypothesis states that:

Interrupted coding sequences include long sequences of bases that do not code for amino acids.These noncoding sequences, called __________, are found in __________ cells.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna: the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Interrupted coding sequences include long sequences of bases that do not code for amino acids.These noncoding sequences, called , are found in cells.