Question 1

A nerve consists of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a grouping of dendrites. 
B)  a mass of cell bodies. 
C)  a network of neurons. 
D)  a bundle of axons. 
E)  glial cells. 
A)  a grouping of dendrites. 
B)  a mass of cell bodies. 
C)  a network of neurons. 
D)  a bundle of axons. 
E)  glial cells.

Question 2

In divergence, one neuron:

Accepted Answer

A)  is controlled by several neurons. 
B)  is controlled by several neurotransmitter substances. 
C)  contains several different types of ion channels. 
D)  controls several other neurons. 
E)  contains several different types of receptors. 
A)  is controlled by several neurons. 
B)  is controlled by several neurotransmitter substances. 
C)  contains several different types of ion channels. 
D)  controls several other neurons. 
E)  contains several different types of receptors.

Question 3

The amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease:

Accepted Answer

A)  are associated with neurons lacking microglia. 
B)  are formed from the shortest known form of beta-amyloid molecules. 
C)  have been linked to mutations in genes that produced abnormal beta-amyloid. 
D)  result in disruption of sodium regulation. 
E)  are responsible for 90% of the diagnosed cases of this disease. 
A)  are associated with neurons lacking microglia. 
B)  are formed from the shortest known form of beta-amyloid molecules. 
C)  have been linked to mutations in genes that produced abnormal beta-amyloid. 
D)  result in disruption of sodium regulation. 
E)  are responsible for 90% of the diagnosed cases of this disease.

Question 4

Which of the following statements concerning glial cells is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Astrocytes are phagocytic cells that remove debris in the central nervous system. 
B)  Schwann cells form sheaths around neurons within the central nervous system. 
C)  Oligodendrocytes regulate the concentration of neurotransmitters in neurons. 
D)  Microglia are involved in the neurological disease multiple sclerosis. 
E)  Ependymal cells help produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid. 
A)  Astrocytes are phagocytic cells that remove debris in the central nervous system. 
B)  Schwann cells form sheaths around neurons within the central nervous system. 
C)  Oligodendrocytes regulate the concentration of neurotransmitters in neurons. 
D)  Microglia are involved in the neurological disease multiple sclerosis. 
E)  Ependymal cells help produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 5

An excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP):

Accepted Answer

A)  results in a partial depolarization of the neuron. 
B)  causes a neuron to fire. 
C)  prevents a neuron from firing. 
D)  results in a partial hyperpolarization of the neuron. 
E)  results in partial depolarization of presynaptic neurons, causing ions to pass through connecting channels. 
A)  results in a partial depolarization of the neuron. 
B)  causes a neuron to fire. 
C)  prevents a neuron from firing. 
D)  results in a partial hyperpolarization of the neuron. 
E)  results in partial depolarization of presynaptic neurons, causing ions to pass through connecting channels.

Question 6

Compare and contrast the production and transmission of a graded potential with those of an action potential.

Accepted Answer

Both are alternations in the membrane th

Question 7

Ependymal cells are a type of macrophage.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What would happen if a neuron with a resting membrane potential of -100 mV and a threshold level of -70 mV received three IPSPs of -5 mV and four EPSPs of -10 mV in close succession?

Accepted Answer

If the IPSPs and EPSPs arrive at approxi

Question 9

Neurofibrillary tangles occur:

Accepted Answer

A)  in the neuron cytoplasm of patients with Alzheimer's disease. 
B)  in the axon of patients with multiple sclerosis. 
C)  in the glial cells of patients with myasthenia gravis. 
D)  in the dendrites of patients with peripheral neuropathy. 
E)  in the cell bodies of patients with depression. 
A)  in the neuron cytoplasm of patients with Alzheimer's disease. 
B)  in the axon of patients with multiple sclerosis. 
C)  in the glial cells of patients with myasthenia gravis. 
D)  in the dendrites of patients with peripheral neuropathy. 
E)  in the cell bodies of patients with depression.

Question 10

Figure 41-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-The ion flow in part 1 of Figure 41-2:

Accepted Answer

A)  represents the equilibrium potential. 
B)  represents the resting state. 
C)  will increase the rate of repolarization. 
D)  will reestablish the electronegative resting potential. 
E)  represents the initial response of a neuron to an action potential. 
A)  represents the equilibrium potential. 
B)  represents the resting state. 
C)  will increase the rate of repolarization. 
D)  will reestablish the electronegative resting potential. 
E)  represents the initial response of a neuron to an action potential.

Question 11

Figure 41-3
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-Since all action potentials are identical, the intensity of a sensation depends on:

Accepted Answer

A)  whether a myelinated or unmyelinated neuron has been stimulated. 
B)  the duration of the stimulation. 
C)  whether the neuron stimulated is a pre- or postsynaptic neuron. 
D)  the total number of neurons stimulated and the frequency of their discharge. 
E)  the presence of an EPSP or IPSP, which allows for a graded response. 
A)  whether a myelinated or unmyelinated neuron has been stimulated. 
B)  the duration of the stimulation. 
C)  whether the neuron stimulated is a pre- or postsynaptic neuron. 
D)  the total number of neurons stimulated and the frequency of their discharge. 
E)  the presence of an EPSP or IPSP, which allows for a graded response.

Question 12

Diagram a typical neuron, label its parts, and list the function of each labeled structure.

Accepted Answer

The diagram and its labels should resemb

Question 13

Figure 41-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-Gaps in the myelin sheath are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  synapses. 
B)  neuroglia. 
C)  microglia. 
D)  Schwann cells. 
E)  Nodes of Ranvier. 
A)  synapses. 
B)  neuroglia. 
C)  microglia. 
D)  Schwann cells. 
E)  Nodes of Ranvier.

Question 14

A strong stimulus will cause the neuron to generate a larger action potential than does a weaker stimulus.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The role of the Na/K pump in action potential is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  allow movement of sodium into the cell. 
B)  allow movement of potassium out of the cell. 
C)  allow movement of potassium into and sodium out of the cell. 
D)  allow movement of both ions into the cell. 
E)  allow movement of both ions out of the cell. 
A)  allow movement of sodium into the cell. 
B)  allow movement of potassium out of the cell. 
C)  allow movement of potassium into and sodium out of the cell. 
D)  allow movement of both ions into the cell. 
E)  allow movement of both ions out of the cell.

Question 16

The sodium-potassium pump transports two Na+ out of the cell for every two K+ transported in.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Briefly explain the action of a neurotransmitter.Include information regarding the source, target, and mode of operation of a neurotransmitter.

Accepted Answer

This process is summ

Question 18

Which of the following characteristics is not true of excitatory postsynaptic potentials and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials?

Accepted Answer

A)  They may both be summed spatially or temporally. 
B)  Both EPSPs and IPSPs are graded potentials. 
C)  IPSPs cancel the effects of some of the EPSPs. 
D)  Each EPSP or IPSP affects the membrane potential of the neuron. 
E)  They both represent an all-or-none response. 
A)  They may both be summed spatially or temporally. 
B)  Both EPSPs and IPSPs are graded potentials. 
C)  IPSPs cancel the effects of some of the EPSPs. 
D)  Each EPSP or IPSP affects the membrane potential of the neuron. 
E)  They both represent an all-or-none response.

Question 19

MATCHING
Match the part of the neuron with its description.
a.axon
d.node of Ranvier
b.dendrite
e.synaptic vesicle
c.myelin sheath
-may be more than 1 meter long

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the part of the neuron with...

Question 20

A steady state, or equilibrium potential, in a neuron is reached when:

Accepted Answer

A)  the outflow of sodium equals the inflow of potassium. 
B)  the inflow of sodium equals the inflow of potassium. 
C)  the outflow of potassium equals the inflow of potassium. 
D)  the outflow of sodium equals the inflow of sodium. 
E)  the outflow of calcium equals the inflow of sodium. 
A)  the outflow of sodium equals the inflow of potassium. 
B)  the inflow of sodium equals the inflow of potassium. 
C)  the outflow of potassium equals the inflow of potassium. 
D)  the outflow of sodium equals the inflow of sodium. 
E)  the outflow of calcium equals the inflow of sodium.

Exam 41: Neural Signaling

A nerve consists of:

In divergence, one neuron:

The amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease:

Which of the following statements concerning glial cells is true?

An excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP):

Compare and contrast the production and transmission of a graded potential with those of an action potential.

Ependymal cells are a type of macrophage. ____________________

What would happen if a neuron with a resting membrane potential of -100 mV and a threshold level of -70 mV received three IPSPs of -5 mV and four EPSPs of -10 mV in close succession?

Neurofibrillary tangles occur:

Figure 41-2 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -The ion flow in part 1 of Figure 41-2:

Figure 41-3 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -Since all action potentials are identical, the intensity of a sensation depends on:

Diagram a typical neuron, label its parts, and list the function of each labeled structure.

Figure 41-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -Gaps in the myelin sheath are referred to as:

A strong stimulus will cause the neuron to generate a larger action potential than does a weaker stimulus. ____________________

The role of the Na/K pump in action potential is to:

The sodium-potassium pump transports two Na+ out of the cell for every two K+ transported in. ____________________

Briefly explain the action of a neurotransmitter.Include information regarding the source, target, and mode of operation of a neurotransmitter.

Which of the following characteristics is not true of excitatory postsynaptic potentials and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials?

MATCHING Match the part of the neuron with its description. a.axon d.node of Ranvier b.dendrite e.synaptic vesicle c.myelin sheath -may be more than 1 meter long

A steady state, or equilibrium potential, in a neuron is reached when:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna: the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

The sodium-potassium pump transports two Na⁺ out of the cell for every two K⁺ transported in. ____________________