Exam 19: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

Mrs. Gray, a 50- year- old mother of seven children, is complaining of dull, aching pains in her legs. She reports that they have been getting progressively worse since the birth of her last child. During her physical examination, numerous varicosities are seen in both legs. How are varicosities recognized? What veins are most likely involved? What pathologic changes have occurred in these veins, and what is the most likely cause in this patient's case?

The left subclavian artery is the major branch of the aortic arch.

Hypotension is generally considered systolic blood pressure that is below 100 mm Hg.

Which of the following would not result in the dilation of the feeder arterioles and opening of the precapillary sphincters in systemic capillary beds?

Which of the following is true about veins?

The carotid sinus reflex protects the blood supply to the brain, whereas the aortic reflex is more concerned with maintaining adequate blood pressure in the systemic circuit as a whole.

Whereas diffusion is more important for solute exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid, bulk flow is more important for regulation of the relative volumes of blood and interstitial fluid.

The most common type of blood capillary is the _ .

Describe the effect of hypovolemic shock on the blood vessels and the heart.

Which of the following is not true regarding fenestrated capillaries?

If blood pressure is almost normal in a person who has lost blood, does that mean the tissues are receiving adequate blood flow?

Mr. Wilson is a 45- year- old stockbroker with essential hypertension. He is African American, obese, and he smokes 2- 3 packs of cigarettes daily. What risk factors for hypertension are typified by Mr. Wilson? What steps should be taken to treat Mr. Wilson, and what lifestyle changes should he make? What complications are likely if corrective steps are not taken?

Define vasoconstriction and vasodilation. What is the mechanism of regulation?

A pregnant patient comes into a clinic and asks about a small painless dark compressible bulge that is becoming more apparent on her leg. What is it and what caused it?

Figure 19.1Using Figure 19.1, match the following: -Blood islands are embryonic cells from which germ cell layer?

Which of the following statements regarding the hepatic portal system is false?

Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?

Every minute, about 1.5 ml of fluid leaks out of the capillaries.

Cerebral blood flow is regulated by _ .

An obstruction in the superior vena cava would decrease the flow of blood from the head and neck to the heart.