Exam 17: Thermodynamics: Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Reactions and Processes

Carbon monoxide has a very weak dipole moment. In the formation of solid carbon monoxide some molecules will be reversed in their orientation from C O - - - C O to C O - - - O C. What do you expect the absolute entropy of carbon monoxide solid to be at 0 K, and why?

What type of motion is depicted in the following before-and-after pictures?

What is the maximum amount of work that can be done by the reaction

For a particular hypothetical reaction, , the value of G is 250 kJ/mol. What is the value of G for this reaction at 298 K when [A]  0.60 M, [B]  0.10 M, and [C]  4.0  10^3 M ?

The entropy change in the surroundings (S_surr) during a spontaneous process must be ________

If 3.500 g of Ni are reacted with excess oxygen to form nickel oxide (NiO) under standard state conditions, what is the entropy change for the reaction?

The following figures represent distributions of two types of gas molecules between two containers connected by an open tube. In which figure is the entropy of the system maximized?

The symbol  (MgSO₄, s) refers to which of the following reactions?

A perturbation or stress to a chemical reaction at equilibrium ________

NO gas is converted to NO₂ gas according to the following reaction: What is the standard entropy change when 0.5 mol of NO gas reacts with 0.5 mol of O₂ gas?

Benzene is a liquid under standard conditions. The standard free-energy change for the evaporation of liquid benzene to form benzene vapor is 5.2 kJ/mol. If liquid benzene is placed in an open container under standard conditions, ________

In a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe ________

A sealed tube containing an equilibrium mixture of NO₂(g) (brown) and N₂O₄(g) (colorless) is subjected to a variety of temperatures. For the equilibrium reaction shown, the values of the and are also shown. What is observed in the tube with increasing temperature? H  58.02 kJ/mol, S176.5 J/mol  K

Heat transfer from the system to the surroundings has a large effect on S_surr ________

If 1 mol of ice melts at its melting point of 273 K, the entropy change for the ice is 22.0 J/K. If the ice melts in someone's hand at 34C, what is the change in the entropy of the universe? Assume a final temperature for the water of 0C. The enthalpy of fusion for ice is 6.01 kJ/mol.

The standard entropy of nitrogen gas in air is 192 J/(mol  K). Estimate how many states are accessible to a nitrogen molecule in air.

Determine the change in the standard entropy of the universe for the given reaction from the given data.

As the temperature of a reaction with S  0 is increased, the equilibrium constant ________

The equilibrium vapor pressure for benzene is 94.4 mm Hg. When liquid benzene is in equilibrium with its vapor, we must have ________

The gas above the liquid in a sealed bottle of soda is primarily carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is also dissolved in the soda. When the distribution of carbon dioxide between the gas and liquid is at equilibrium, molecules of carbon dioxide in the gas phase can still dissolve in the liquid phase if they strike the surface and are captured. Similarly, molecules of carbon dioxide can escape from the liquid phase. What is the entropy change of the universe, S_{uni v}, for the dissolution of carbon dioxide under these conditions?