Question 1

Which endogenous opioid is located in the hypothalamus and pituitary and is a strong  
-receptor agonist?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enkephalins 
B)  Endorphins 
C)  Dynorphins 
D)  Endomorphins 
A)  Enkephalins 
B)  Endorphins 
C)  Dynorphins 
D)  Endomorphins

Question 2

Where is the gate located that is referred to in the gate control theory of pain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Substantia gelatinosa 
B)  Marginal layer 
C)  Nucleus proprius 
D)  Dorsolateral tract of Lissauer 
A)  Substantia gelatinosa 
B)  Marginal layer 
C)  Nucleus proprius 
D)  Dorsolateral tract of Lissauer

Question 3

Heat loss from the body via convection occurs by:

Accepted Answer

A)  emanations of electromagnetic waves. 
B)  transfer of heat through currents of liquids or gas. 
C)  dilation of blood vessels bringing blood to skin surfaces. 
D)  direct heat loss from molecule to molecule transfer. 
A)  emanations of electromagnetic waves. 
B)  transfer of heat through currents of liquids or gas. 
C)  dilation of blood vessels bringing blood to skin surfaces. 
D)  direct heat loss from molecule to molecule transfer.

Question 4

A medication used to reverse effects of malignant hyperthermia is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Propranolol 
B)  Diazepam 
C)  Dantrolene sodium 
D)  Sodium carbonate 
A)  Propranolol 
B)  Diazepam 
C)  Dantrolene sodium 
D)  Sodium carbonate

Question 5

The _____ theory proposes that pain results from excessive stimulation of sensory receptors.

Accepted Answer

A)  intensity 
B)  pattern 
C)  specificity 
D)  modality 
A)  intensity 
B)  pattern 
C)  specificity 
D)  modality

Question 6

Which are characteristics of visceral pain?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is sharp and well defined when transmitted by A-delta fibers. 
B)  It is perceived as poorly localized and is transmitted by the sympathetic nervous system. 
C)  It arises from connective tissue,muscle,bone,or skin. 
D)  It is perceived as dull,aching,and poorly localized when transmitted by C fibers. 
A)  It is sharp and well defined when transmitted by A-delta fibers. 
B)  It is perceived as poorly localized and is transmitted by the sympathetic nervous system. 
C)  It arises from connective tissue,muscle,bone,or skin. 
D)  It is perceived as dull,aching,and poorly localized when transmitted by C fibers.

Question 7

Individuals who recover from heat exhaustion may have permanent damage to the thermoregulatory center.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

_____ is/are characterized by sudden apparent arousal in which a child expresses intense fear or another strong emotion.

Accepted Answer

A)  Night terrors 
B)  Nightmares 
C)  Somnambulism 
D)  Parasomnias 
A)  Night terrors 
B)  Nightmares 
C)  Somnambulism 
D)  Parasomnias

Question 9

Which spinal tract carries the most nociceptive information?

Accepted Answer

A)  Archeospinothalamic tract 
B)  Paleospinothalamic tract 
C)  Dorsal spinothalamic tract 
D)  Lateral spinothalamic tract 
A)  Archeospinothalamic tract 
B)  Paleospinothalamic tract 
C)  Dorsal spinothalamic tract 
D)  Lateral spinothalamic tract

Question 10

MATCHING
Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Parageusia

Accepted Answer

A) Loss of ability to smell 
B) Perversion of sense of taste 
C) Smelling nonexistent odors 
D) Defective vision in half of a visual field 
E) Defect in central field of vision
F)Involuntary movement of eyeballs 
A) Loss of ability to smell 
B) Perversion of sense of taste 
C) Smelling nonexistent odors 
D) Defective vision in half of a visual field 
E) Defect in central field of vision
F)Involuntary movement of eyeballs

Question 11

Loud snoring,a decrease in oxygen saturation,fragmented sleep,chronic daytime sleepiness,and fatigue are clinical manifestations of which sleep disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Obstructive sleep apnea 
B)  Upper airway resistance syndrome 
C)  Somnambulism 
D)  Narcolepsy 
A)  Obstructive sleep apnea 
B)  Upper airway resistance syndrome 
C)  Somnambulism 
D)  Narcolepsy

Question 12

In acute hypothermia,what physiologic change shunts blood away from the colder skin to the body core in an effort to decrease heat loss?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypotension 
B)  Peripheral vasoconstriction 
C)  Voluntary muscle movements 
D)  Shivering 
A)  Hypotension 
B)  Peripheral vasoconstriction 
C)  Voluntary muscle movements 
D)  Shivering

Question 13

Which cytokines are endogenous pyrogens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interleukin-3 (Il-3),interleukin-10 (Il-10),and interleukin-18 (Il-18) 
B)  Interleukin-2 (Il-2),interleukin-8 (Il-8),and beta interferon (ß-INF) 
C)  Interleukin-4 (Il-4),interleukin-12 (Il-12),colony stimulating factor,and alpha interferon (-INF) 
D)  Interleukin-1 (Il-1),interleukin-6 (Il-6),tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-),and gamma interferon ( 
A)  Interleukin-3 (Il-3),interleukin-10 (Il-10),and interleukin-18 (Il-18) 
B)  Interleukin-2 (Il-2),interleukin-8 (Il-8),and beta interferon (ß-INF) 
C)  Interleukin-4 (Il-4),interleukin-12 (Il-12),colony stimulating factor,and alpha interferon (-INF) 
D)  Interleukin-1 (Il-1),interleukin-6 (Il-6),tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-),and gamma interferon (

Question 14

Match the types of chronic pain with its description.Types of pain may be used more than once.
-Pain described as paroxysmal with paresthesia,burning,shooting,or stabbing sensations

Accepted Answer

A) Myofascial pain syndrome 
B) Neuropathic pain 
C) Deafferentation pain 
D) Sympathetically maintained pain (SMP) 
A) Myofascial pain syndrome 
B) Neuropathic pain 
C) Deafferentation pain 
D) Sympathetically maintained pain (SMP)

Question 15

What occurs when one has "pink eye"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inflammation of the eyelids 
B)  Inflammation of the sebaceous glands of the eyelids 
C)  Inflammation of the meibomian 
D)  Inflammation of the conjunctiva 
A)  Inflammation of the eyelids 
B)  Inflammation of the sebaceous glands of the eyelids 
C)  Inflammation of the meibomian 
D)  Inflammation of the conjunctiva

Question 16

Where is the major relay station of sensory information?

Accepted Answer

A)  Basal ganglia 
B)  Midbrain 
C)  Thalamus 
D)  Hypothalamus 
A)  Basal ganglia 
B)  Midbrain 
C)  Thalamus 
D)  Hypothalamus

Question 17

Where is the major sleep center?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thalamus 
B)  Brain stem 
C)  Frontal lobe 
D)  Hypothalamus 
A)  Thalamus 
B)  Brain stem 
C)  Frontal lobe 
D)  Hypothalamus

Question 18

Match the types of chronic pain with its description.Types of pain may be used more than once.
-Pain described as constant,dull,viselike ache,accompanied by paroxysms of burning or electric shocklike sensations

Accepted Answer

A) Myofascial pain syndrome 
B) Neuropathic pain 
C) Deafferentation pain 
D) Sympathetically maintained pain (SMP) 
A) Myofascial pain syndrome 
B) Neuropathic pain 
C) Deafferentation pain 
D) Sympathetically maintained pain (SMP)

Question 19

Release (increase)of epinephrine increases body temperature by increasing:

Accepted Answer

A)  shivering. 
B)  muscle tone. 
C)  heat production. 
D)  the heat rate. 
A)  shivering. 
B)  muscle tone. 
C)  heat production. 
D)  the heat rate.

Question 20

MATCHING
Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Scotoma

Accepted Answer

A) Loss of ability to smell 
B) Perversion of sense of taste 
C) Smelling nonexistent odors 
D) Defective vision in half of a visual field 
E) Defect in central field of vision
F)Involuntary movement of eyeballs 
A) Loss of ability to smell 
B) Perversion of sense of taste 
C) Smelling nonexistent odors 
D) Defective vision in half of a visual field 
E) Defect in central field of vision
F)Involuntary movement of eyeballs

Exam 15: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Which endogenous opioid is located in the hypothalamus and pituitary and is a strong -receptor agonist?

Where is the gate located that is referred to in the gate control theory of pain?

Heat loss from the body via convection occurs by:

A medication used to reverse effects of malignant hyperthermia is:

The _____ theory proposes that pain results from excessive stimulation of sensory receptors.

Which are characteristics of visceral pain?

Individuals who recover from heat exhaustion may have permanent damage to the thermoregulatory center.

_____ is/are characterized by sudden apparent arousal in which a child expresses intense fear or another strong emotion.

Which spinal tract carries the most nociceptive information?

MATCHING Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Parageusia

Loud snoring,a decrease in oxygen saturation,fragmented sleep,chronic daytime sleepiness,and fatigue are clinical manifestations of which sleep disorder?

In acute hypothermia,what physiologic change shunts blood away from the colder skin to the body core in an effort to decrease heat loss?

Which cytokines are endogenous pyrogens?

Match the types of chronic pain with its description.Types of pain may be used more than once. -Pain described as paroxysmal with paresthesia,burning,shooting,or stabbing sensations

What occurs when one has "pink eye"?

Where is the major relay station of sensory information?

Where is the major sleep center?

Match the types of chronic pain with its description.Types of pain may be used more than once. -Pain described as constant,dull,viselike ache,accompanied by paroxysms of burning or electric shocklike sensations

Release (increase)of epinephrine increases body temperature by increasing:

MATCHING Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Scotoma

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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