Question 1

MATCHING
Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Immunomodulating agents

Accepted Answer

A) Provides cell-derived antiviral and immunomodulating proteins 
B) Provides direct cytotoxic effect on cancer cells 
C) Forms antibodies specific for tumor antigen 
D) Attacks cancerous cells in the cell cycle 
E) Provides nonspecific stimulation of the immune system 
A) Provides cell-derived antiviral and immunomodulating proteins 
B) Provides direct cytotoxic effect on cancer cells 
C) Forms antibodies specific for tumor antigen 
D) Attacks cancerous cells in the cell cycle 
E) Provides nonspecific stimulation of the immune system

Question 2

What is the most common route for distant metastasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Seeding 
B)  Blood 
C)  Lymphatics 
A)  Seeding 
B)  Blood 
C)  Lymphatics

Question 3

Invasion is a prerequisite for metastasis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

During angiogenesis,what is the role of platelet factor -4,angiostatin,endostatin,thrombospondin,and interferon alpha and beta?

Accepted Answer

A)  They stimulate the development of new blood vessels. 
B)  They facilitate the attachment of the tumor implants to new blood vessels. 
C)  They inhibit the formation of new blood vessels. 
D)  They prevent the formation of emboli that protect for tumor cells from host defenses. 
A)  They stimulate the development of new blood vessels. 
B)  They facilitate the attachment of the tumor implants to new blood vessels. 
C)  They inhibit the formation of new blood vessels. 
D)  They prevent the formation of emboli that protect for tumor cells from host defenses.

Question 5

MATCHING
Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Monoclonal antibodies

Accepted Answer

A) Provides cell-derived antiviral and immunomodulating proteins 
B) Provides direct cytotoxic effect on cancer cells 
C) Forms antibodies specific for tumor antigen 
D) Attacks cancerous cells in the cell cycle 
E) Provides nonspecific stimulation of the immune system 
A) Provides cell-derived antiviral and immunomodulating proteins 
B) Provides direct cytotoxic effect on cancer cells 
C) Forms antibodies specific for tumor antigen 
D) Attacks cancerous cells in the cell cycle 
E) Provides nonspecific stimulation of the immune system

Question 6

A pathology report stages a tumor as T2,N1,Mo.What is the meaning of this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a tumor with no spread to surrounding lymph nodes and no metastasis. 
B)  There are two malignant tumors and one involved lymph node with metastasis. 
C)  There is a tumor with spread to surrounding lymph nodes and no metastasis. 
D)  There is no tumor after two biopsies and one lymph node biopsy and no metastasis. 
A)  There is a tumor with no spread to surrounding lymph nodes and no metastasis. 
B)  There are two malignant tumors and one involved lymph node with metastasis. 
C)  There is a tumor with spread to surrounding lymph nodes and no metastasis. 
D)  There is no tumor after two biopsies and one lymph node biopsy and no metastasis.

Question 7

After the malignant change of the original cell,it must undergo _____ population doublings to produce a detectable tumor weighing about 1 g.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  10 
C)  30 
D)  50 
A)  2 
B)  10 
C)  30 
D)  50

Question 8

Why do nausea and vomiting occur after radiation therapy to the abdomen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because the patient is receiving chemotherapy at the same time as the radiation therapy 
B)  Because the radiation is metabolized by the liver,which alters the intestinal mucosa 
C)  Because the cancer in the gastrointestinal tract causes these clinical manifestations 
D)  Because the intestinal mucosa is the most radiosensitive tissue and divides rapidly 
A)  Because the patient is receiving chemotherapy at the same time as the radiation therapy 
B)  Because the radiation is metabolized by the liver,which alters the intestinal mucosa 
C)  Because the cancer in the gastrointestinal tract causes these clinical manifestations 
D)  Because the intestinal mucosa is the most radiosensitive tissue and divides rapidly

Question 9

When patients who have lung cancer develop Cushing syndrome it is an example of a(n)_____ syndrome.

Accepted Answer

A)  aberrant 
B)  paraneoplastic 
C)  carcinogenic 
D)  idiopathetic 
A)  aberrant 
B)  paraneoplastic 
C)  carcinogenic 
D)  idiopathetic

Question 10

Match the mechanisms causing pain from tumor invasion with the organ commonly involved.
-Small bowel

Accepted Answer

A) Pressure 
B) Compression 
C) Stretching 
D) Obstruction 
E) Tissue destruction 
A) Pressure 
B) Compression 
C) Stretching 
D) Obstruction 
E) Tissue destruction

Question 11

What is the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF),and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF  
)in cell metastasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  To stimulate growth of near by tumor cells 
B)  To develop new blood vessels to feed cancer cells 
C)  To prevent cancer cells from escaping apoptosis 
D)  To act as a chemical gradient to guide cells to blood vessels 
A)  To stimulate growth of near by tumor cells 
B)  To develop new blood vessels to feed cancer cells 
C)  To prevent cancer cells from escaping apoptosis 
D)  To act as a chemical gradient to guide cells to blood vessels

Question 12

Direct invasion may be a part of the mechanism of local tumor spreading.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Cancer cells adhere to one another better than normal cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

How do neoplastic cells survive after they detach from the originating cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  By extending the matrix from the primary cell of origin to adjacent cells 
B)  By exchanging enzymes and cytokines with originating cells 
C)  By recruiting growth factors from the extracellular matrix 
D)  By extending finger-like projections into originating cells 
A)  By extending the matrix from the primary cell of origin to adjacent cells 
B)  By exchanging enzymes and cytokines with originating cells 
C)  By recruiting growth factors from the extracellular matrix 
D)  By extending finger-like projections into originating cells

Question 15

MATCHING
Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Interferons

Accepted Answer

A) Provides cell-derived antiviral and immunomodulating proteins 
B) Provides direct cytotoxic effect on cancer cells 
C) Forms antibodies specific for tumor antigen 
D) Attacks cancerous cells in the cell cycle 
E) Provides nonspecific stimulation of the immune system 
A) Provides cell-derived antiviral and immunomodulating proteins 
B) Provides direct cytotoxic effect on cancer cells 
C) Forms antibodies specific for tumor antigen 
D) Attacks cancerous cells in the cell cycle 
E) Provides nonspecific stimulation of the immune system

Question 16

Match the mechanisms causing pain from tumor invasion with the organ commonly involved.
-Liver

Accepted Answer

A) Pressure 
B) Compression 
C) Stretching 
D) Obstruction 
E) Tissue destruction 
A) Pressure 
B) Compression 
C) Stretching 
D) Obstruction 
E) Tissue destruction

Exam 12: Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

MATCHING Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Immunomodulating agents

What is the most common route for distant metastasis?

Invasion is a prerequisite for metastasis.

During angiogenesis,what is the role of platelet factor -4,angiostatin,endostatin,thrombospondin,and interferon alpha and beta?

MATCHING Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Monoclonal antibodies

A pathology report stages a tumor as T2,N1,Mo.What is the meaning of this finding?

After the malignant change of the original cell,it must undergo _____ population doublings to produce a detectable tumor weighing about 1 g.

Why do nausea and vomiting occur after radiation therapy to the abdomen?

When patients who have lung cancer develop Cushing syndrome it is an example of a(n)_____ syndrome.

Match the mechanisms causing pain from tumor invasion with the organ commonly involved. -Small bowel

What is the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF),and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF )in cell metastasis?

Direct invasion may be a part of the mechanism of local tumor spreading.

Cancer cells adhere to one another better than normal cells.

How do neoplastic cells survive after they detach from the originating cell?

MATCHING Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Interferons

Match the mechanisms causing pain from tumor invasion with the organ commonly involved. -Liver

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Filters

A pathology report stages a tumor as T₂,N₁,M_o.What is the meaning of this finding?