Question 1

A hallmark of cancer cells is their immortality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Most cancers must acquire mutation in six distinct areas: growth signals,antigrowth signals,evading apoptosis,replicating ability,angiogenesis,and invasion and metastasis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

For the function of tumor suppressor genes to be lost,only one chromosome (allele)of the gene must be inactivated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Smoking is associated with cancers of all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  lung. 
B)  skin. 
C)  bladder. 
D)  kidney. 
E)  pancreas. 
A)  lung. 
B)  skin. 
C)  bladder. 
D)  kidney. 
E)  pancreas.

Question 5

In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)a piece of chromosome 9 fuses to a piece of chromosome 22.This is an example of which mutation of normal genes to oncogenes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Point mutation 
B)  Chromosome fusion 
C)  Gene amplification 
D)  Chromosome translocation 
A)  Point mutation 
B)  Chromosome fusion 
C)  Gene amplification 
D)  Chromosome translocation

Question 6

Which of the following represents the correct nomenclature for benign and malignant tumors of adipose tissue,respectively?

Accepted Answer

A)  Liposarcoma,lipoma 
B)  Lipoma,liposarcoma 
C)  Adisarcoma,adipoma 
D)  Adipoma,adisarcoma 
A)  Liposarcoma,lipoma 
B)  Lipoma,liposarcoma 
C)  Adisarcoma,adipoma 
D)  Adipoma,adisarcoma

Question 7

Intestinal polyps are benign neoplasms and the first stage in development of colon cancer.These findings support the notion that:

Accepted Answer

A)  cancers of the colon are more easily diagnosed in the benign form because they can be visualized during colonoscopy. 
B)  an accumulation of mutations in specific genes is required for the development of cancer. 
C)  tumor invasion and metastasis progress more slowly in the gastrointestinal tract. 
D)  apoptosis is triggered by diverse stimuli including excessive growth. 
A)  cancers of the colon are more easily diagnosed in the benign form because they can be visualized during colonoscopy. 
B)  an accumulation of mutations in specific genes is required for the development of cancer. 
C)  tumor invasion and metastasis progress more slowly in the gastrointestinal tract. 
D)  apoptosis is triggered by diverse stimuli including excessive growth.

Question 8

What are oncogenes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genes that have undergone mutation that direct the synthesis of protein to accelerate the rate of tissue proliferation 
B)  Genes that direct synthesis of proteins to regulate growth and provide necessary replacement of tissue 
C)  Genes that encode proteins that negatively regulate the synthesis of proteins to show or halt replacement of tissue 
D)  Genes that have undergone mutation to direct malignant tissue toward blood vessels and lymph nodes for metastasis 
A)  Genes that have undergone mutation that direct the synthesis of protein to accelerate the rate of tissue proliferation 
B)  Genes that direct synthesis of proteins to regulate growth and provide necessary replacement of tissue 
C)  Genes that encode proteins that negatively regulate the synthesis of proteins to show or halt replacement of tissue 
D)  Genes that have undergone mutation to direct malignant tissue toward blood vessels and lymph nodes for metastasis

Question 9

Many cancers create a mutation of ras.What is ras?

Accepted Answer

A)  A tumor suppressor gene 
B)  A growth promoting gene 
C)  An intracellular signaling protein that regulates cell growth 
D)  A cell surface receptor that allows signaling to the nucleus about cell growth 
A)  A tumor suppressor gene 
B)  A growth promoting gene 
C)  An intracellular signaling protein that regulates cell growth 
D)  A cell surface receptor that allows signaling to the nucleus about cell growth

Question 10

An increased number of sexual partners has been shown to be related to the incidence of cervical cancer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Normally,which cells,if any,are "immortal" (never die)?

Accepted Answer

A)  None,all cells eventually die 
B)  Stems cells and germ cells 
C)  Blood cells 
D)  Epithelial cells 
A)  None,all cells eventually die 
B)  Stems cells and germ cells 
C)  Blood cells 
D)  Epithelial cells

Question 12

What is apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  A normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive 
B)  An antigrowth signal activated by tumor suppressor Rb 
C)  A mutation of cell growth stimulated by the p53 gene 
D)  The transformation of cells from dysplasia to anaplasia 
A)  A normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive 
B)  An antigrowth signal activated by tumor suppressor Rb 
C)  A mutation of cell growth stimulated by the p53 gene 
D)  The transformation of cells from dysplasia to anaplasia

Question 13

Cancer is predominantly a disease of aging.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

By what process does the ras gene convert from a proto-oncogene to an oncogene?

Accepted Answer

A)  By designating a chromosome that has a piece of one chromosome fused to a piece of another chromosome 
B)  By duplicating a small piece of a chromosome repeatedly making numerous copies 
C)  By alternating one or more nucleotide base pairs 
D)  By promoting proliferation of growth signals by impairing tumor suppressor genes 
A)  By designating a chromosome that has a piece of one chromosome fused to a piece of another chromosome 
B)  By duplicating a small piece of a chromosome repeatedly making numerous copies 
C)  By alternating one or more nucleotide base pairs 
D)  By promoting proliferation of growth signals by impairing tumor suppressor genes

Question 15

Which are cancers arising from connective tissue tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteogenic sarcoma 
B)  Basal cell carcinoma 
C)  Multiple myeloma 
D)  Adenocarcinoma 
A)  Osteogenic sarcoma 
B)  Basal cell carcinoma 
C)  Multiple myeloma 
D)  Adenocarcinoma

Question 16

There appears to be no relation between the incidence of melanoma and age at the time of exposure to excessive UV radiation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Burkitt lymphomas designate a chromosome that has a piece of chromosome 8 fused to a piece of chromosome 14.This is an example of which mutation of normal genes to oncogenes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Point mutation 
B)  Chromosome translocation 
C)  Gene amplification 
D)  Chromosome fusion 
A)  Point mutation 
B)  Chromosome translocation 
C)  Gene amplification 
D)  Chromosome fusion

Question 18

The term "neoplasm" can refer to a benign tumor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

How do cancer cells use the enzyme telomerase?

Accepted Answer

A)  They use it to repair the telomeres at the end of chromosome to restore somatic cell growth. 
B)  They use it as an intracellular signaling chemical to stimulate cell division. 
C)  They switch off the telomerase so that cells can divide indefinitely. 
D)  They switch on the telomerase so that cells can divide indefinitely. 
A)  They use it to repair the telomeres at the end of chromosome to restore somatic cell growth. 
B)  They use it as an intracellular signaling chemical to stimulate cell division. 
C)  They switch off the telomerase so that cells can divide indefinitely. 
D)  They switch on the telomerase so that cells can divide indefinitely.

Question 20

Some tumors initially described as benign can progress to malignant tumors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 11: Biology of Cancer

A hallmark of cancer cells is their immortality.

Most cancers must acquire mutation in six distinct areas: growth signals,antigrowth signals,evading apoptosis,replicating ability,angiogenesis,and invasion and metastasis.

For the function of tumor suppressor genes to be lost,only one chromosome (allele)of the gene must be inactivated.

Smoking is associated with cancers of all of the following except:

In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)a piece of chromosome 9 fuses to a piece of chromosome 22.This is an example of which mutation of normal genes to oncogenes?

Which of the following represents the correct nomenclature for benign and malignant tumors of adipose tissue,respectively?

Intestinal polyps are benign neoplasms and the first stage in development of colon cancer.These findings support the notion that:

What are oncogenes?

Many cancers create a mutation of ras.What is ras?

An increased number of sexual partners has been shown to be related to the incidence of cervical cancer.

Normally,which cells,if any,are "immortal" (never die)?

What is apoptosis?

Cancer is predominantly a disease of aging.

By what process does the ras gene convert from a proto-oncogene to an oncogene?

Which are cancers arising from connective tissue tissues?

There appears to be no relation between the incidence of melanoma and age at the time of exposure to excessive UV radiation.

Burkitt lymphomas designate a chromosome that has a piece of chromosome 8 fused to a piece of chromosome 14.This is an example of which mutation of normal genes to oncogenes?

The term "neoplasm" can refer to a benign tumor.

How do cancer cells use the enzyme telomerase?

Some tumors initially described as benign can progress to malignant tumors.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Filters