Question 1

During an immunoglobulin E-mediated (IgE)hypersensitivity reaction,what stops the degranulation of mast cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  The action of histamine bound to H2 receptors 
B)  The action of chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis bound to receptors 
C)  The action of epinephrine bound to mast cell receptors 
D)  The action of acetylcholine bound to mast cell receptors 
A)  The action of histamine bound to H2 receptors 
B)  The action of chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis bound to receptors 
C)  The action of epinephrine bound to mast cell receptors 
D)  The action of acetylcholine bound to mast cell receptors

Question 2

MATCHING
Match the phrases with the corresponding descriptions.
-Type II hypersensitivity

Accepted Answer

A) Agammaglobulinemia 
B) Raynaud phenomenon 
C) Poison ivy 
D) Urticaria 
E) Graves' disease 
A) Agammaglobulinemia 
B) Raynaud phenomenon 
C) Poison ivy 
D) Urticaria 
E) Graves' disease

Question 3

When a tuberculin skin test is positive,what forms the hard center and erythema surrounding the induration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Histamine 
B)  T lymphocytes and macrophages 
C)  Immune complexes 
D)  Products of complement 
A)  Histamine 
B)  T lymphocytes and macrophages 
C)  Immune complexes 
D)  Products of complement

Question 4

When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus,_____ disease is a result.

Accepted Answer

A)  allergic 
B)  alloimmune 
C)  fetalimmune 
D)  autoimmune 
A)  allergic 
B)  alloimmune 
C)  fetalimmune 
D)  autoimmune

Question 5

Deficiencies in which element can produce depression of both B- and T-cell function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Iron 
B)  Zinc 
C)  Iodine 
D)  Magnesium 
A)  Iron 
B)  Zinc 
C)  Iodine 
D)  Magnesium

Question 6

What is the mechanism in type I hypersensitivity reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibodies bind to the antigen on the cell surface and cause lysis. 
B)  Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation followed by discharge of preformed mediators. 
C)  Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes are deposited in the tissues. 
D)  Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokines-producing Th1 cells attack and destroy cellular targets directly. 
A)  Antibodies bind to the antigen on the cell surface and cause lysis. 
B)  Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation followed by discharge of preformed mediators. 
C)  Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes are deposited in the tissues. 
D)  Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokines-producing Th1 cells attack and destroy cellular targets directly.

Question 7

In myasthenia gravis,the acetylcholine receptor antibodies block acetylcholine from attaching to their receptors impairing the neuromuscular transmission and causing muscle weakness.This mechanism is an example of which Type II hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Modulation 
B)  Antibody-dependent cell-mediated (ADC
C)  
C)  Neutrophil-mediated damage 
D)  Complement-mediated lysis 
A)  Modulation 
B)  Antibody-dependent cell-mediated (ADC
C)  
C)  Neutrophil-mediated damage 
D)  Complement-mediated lysis

Question 8

Immune deficiencies can either be congenital or acquired.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

After sexual transmission of HIV,a person can be infected yet seronegative for _____ months.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 to 2 
B)  6 to 14 
C)  18 to 20 
D)  24 to 36 
A)  1 to 2 
B)  6 to 14 
C)  18 to 20 
D)  24 to 36

Question 10

What is the mechanism in type III hypersensitivity reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation followed by discharge of preformed mediators. 
B)  Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes are deposited in the tissues. 
C)  Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokines-producing Th1 cells attack and destroy cellular targets directly. 
D)  Antibodies bind to the antigen on the cell surface. 
A)  Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation followed by discharge of preformed mediators. 
B)  Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes are deposited in the tissues. 
C)  Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokines-producing Th1 cells attack and destroy cellular targets directly. 
D)  Antibodies bind to the antigen on the cell surface.

Question 11

Considering the effects of nutritional deficiencies on the immune system,severe deficits in calories and protein lead to deficiencies in the formation of which immune cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells 
B)  T cells 
C)  Natural killer cells 
D)  Neutrophils 
A)  B cells 
B)  T cells 
C)  Natural killer cells 
D)  Neutrophils

Question 12

What is a characteristic of atopic individuals who are genetically predisposed to develop allergies?

Accepted Answer

A)  They produce greater quantities of histamine than other individuals. 
B)  They have more histamine receptors than other individuals. 
C)  They produce greater quantities of immunoglobulin E (Ig
E) than other individuals. 
D)  They have a deficiency in epinephrine compared with other individuals. 
A)  They produce greater quantities of histamine than other individuals. 
B)  They have more histamine receptors than other individuals. 
C)  They produce greater quantities of immunoglobulin E (Ig
E) than other individuals. 
D)  They have a deficiency in epinephrine compared with other individuals.

Question 13

Some forms of severe combined immune deficiency can be caused by a single gene defect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens. 
B)  immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person. 
C)  altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease. 
D)  undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens. 
A)  disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens. 
B)  immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person. 
C)  altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease. 
D)  undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens.

Question 15

MATCHING
Match the phrases with the corresponding descriptions.
-Congenital immune deficiency

Accepted Answer

A) Agammaglobulinemia 
B) Raynaud phenomenon 
C) Poison ivy 
D) Urticaria 
E) Graves' disease 
A) Agammaglobulinemia 
B) Raynaud phenomenon 
C) Poison ivy 
D) Urticaria 
E) Graves' disease

Question 16

In Graves' disease (hyperthyroidism),autoantibodies bind to and activate receptors for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)so that excessive T4 (thyroxine)is secreted,causing clinical manifestations of an increased metabolism.This mechanism is an example of which Type II hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Modulation 
B)  Antibody-dependent cell-mediated (ADC
C)  
C)  Neutrophil-mediated damage 
D)  Complement-mediated lysis 
A)  Modulation 
B)  Antibody-dependent cell-mediated (ADC
C)  
C)  Neutrophil-mediated damage 
D)  Complement-mediated lysis

Question 17

Atopic individuals tend to produce higher levels of IgM.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which secretion transmits human immunodeficiency syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sweat 
B)  Urine 
C)  Saliva 
D)  Breast milk 
A)  Sweat 
B)  Urine 
C)  Saliva 
D)  Breast milk

Question 19

How does tissue damage occur in acute rejection after an organ transplant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Helper T cells (Th1)release cytokines that activate infiltrating macrophages and cytotoxic T cells directly attack the endothelial cells of the transplanted tissue. 
B)  Circulating immune complexes are deposited in the endothelial cells of transplanted tissue where the complement cascade lyses tissue. 
C)  Antigens on the cell surface of transplanted tissue are recognized by receptors on natural killer (NK)cells,which release lysosomal enzymes that destroy tissue. 
D)  Antibodies coat the surface of transplanted tissue to which mast cells bind and liberate preformed chemical mediators that destroy tissue. 
A)  Helper T cells (Th1)release cytokines that activate infiltrating macrophages and cytotoxic T cells directly attack the endothelial cells of the transplanted tissue. 
B)  Circulating immune complexes are deposited in the endothelial cells of transplanted tissue where the complement cascade lyses tissue. 
C)  Antigens on the cell surface of transplanted tissue are recognized by receptors on natural killer (NK)cells,which release lysosomal enzymes that destroy tissue. 
D)  Antibodies coat the surface of transplanted tissue to which mast cells bind and liberate preformed chemical mediators that destroy tissue.

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Accepted Answer

A)  It only infects T helper cells. 
B)  The virus is retrovirus. 
C)  It carries genetic information in DNA. 
D)  Five strains have been identified. 
A)  It only infects T helper cells. 
B)  The virus is retrovirus. 
C)  It carries genetic information in DNA. 
D)  Five strains have been identified.

Exam 8: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

During an immunoglobulin E-mediated (IgE)hypersensitivity reaction,what stops the degranulation of mast cells?

MATCHING Match the phrases with the corresponding descriptions. -Type II hypersensitivity

When a tuberculin skin test is positive,what forms the hard center and erythema surrounding the induration?

When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus,_____ disease is a result.

Deficiencies in which element can produce depression of both B- and T-cell function?

What is the mechanism in type I hypersensitivity reactions?

In myasthenia gravis,the acetylcholine receptor antibodies block acetylcholine from attaching to their receptors impairing the neuromuscular transmission and causing muscle weakness.This mechanism is an example of which Type II hypersensitivity reaction?

Immune deficiencies can either be congenital or acquired.

After sexual transmission of HIV,a person can be infected yet seronegative for _____ months.

What is the mechanism in type III hypersensitivity reactions?

Considering the effects of nutritional deficiencies on the immune system,severe deficits in calories and protein lead to deficiencies in the formation of which immune cells?

What is a characteristic of atopic individuals who are genetically predisposed to develop allergies?

Some forms of severe combined immune deficiency can be caused by a single gene defect.

Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(n):

MATCHING Match the phrases with the corresponding descriptions. -Congenital immune deficiency

In Graves' disease (hyperthyroidism),autoantibodies bind to and activate receptors for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)so that excessive T4 (thyroxine)is secreted,causing clinical manifestations of an increased metabolism.This mechanism is an example of which Type II hypersensitivity reaction?

Atopic individuals tend to produce higher levels of IgM.

Which secretion transmits human immunodeficiency syndrome?

How does tissue damage occur in acute rejection after an organ transplant?

Which of the following is a characteristic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Filters

In Graves' disease (hyperthyroidism),autoantibodies bind to and activate receptors for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)so that excessive T₄ (thyroxine)is secreted,causing clinical manifestations of an increased metabolism.This mechanism is an example of which Type II hypersensitivity reaction?