Question 1

If a person had very low levels of Ig__,he or she may be more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes.

Accepted Answer

A)  G 
B)  M 
C)  A 
D)  E 
A)  G 
B)  M 
C)  A 
D)  E

Question 2

Match the CD 4 (cluster of differentiation)cells and CD 8 cells with their characteristics.(Answers may be used more than once. )
-Develop into cytotoxic T cells

Accepted Answer

A) CD 4 cells 
B) CD 8 cells 
A) CD 4 cells 
B) CD 8 cells

Question 3

T lymphocytes are primarily responsible for protection against bacteria and a variety of viruses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

MATCHING
Match each immunoglobulin with its characteristic or function.(Immunoglobulins can be used more than once. )
-Most abundant immunoglobulin and accounts for most of the protective activity against infections

Accepted Answer

A) Immunoglobulin A (Ig
A)  
B) Immunoglobulin E (Ig
E)  
C) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) 
D) Immunoglobulin M (IgM) 
A) Immunoglobulin A (Ig
A)  
B) Immunoglobulin E (Ig
E)  
C) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) 
D) Immunoglobulin M (IgM)

Question 5

Before birth,humans produce a large number of T lymphocytes (T cells)and B lymphocytes (B cells)that have the capacity to recognize almost any foreign antigen found in the environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which antibody is detected in the circulation to indicate a typical primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG 
B)  IgM 
C)  IgA 
D)  IgE 
A)  IgG 
B)  IgM 
C)  IgA 
D)  IgE

Question 7

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)molecules are located on the surface of all body cells except erythrocytes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which are characteristics of the generation of clonal diversity?

Accepted Answer

A)  The process involves antigens selecting those lymphocytes with compatible receptors. 
B)  The process allows the differentiation of cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells or mature T cells. 
C)  The process takes place in the primary (central)lymphoid organs (i.e. ,thymus and bone marrow). 
D)  The process causes antigens to expand and diversify their populations. 
A)  The process involves antigens selecting those lymphocytes with compatible receptors. 
B)  The process allows the differentiation of cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells or mature T cells. 
C)  The process takes place in the primary (central)lymphoid organs (i.e. ,thymus and bone marrow). 
D)  The process causes antigens to expand and diversify their populations.

Question 9

Where do B lymphocytes mature and undergo changes that commit them to becoming B cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the thymus gland 
B)  In regional lymph nodes 
C)  In bone marrow 
D)  In the spleen 
A)  In the thymus gland 
B)  In regional lymph nodes 
C)  In bone marrow 
D)  In the spleen

Question 10

Which cytokine is needed for the maturation of a functional helper T cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interleukin-1 (Il-1) 
B)  Interleukin-2 (Il-2) 
C)  Interleukin-4 (Il-4) 
D)  Interleukin-12 (Il-12) 
A)  Interleukin-1 (Il-1) 
B)  Interleukin-2 (Il-2) 
C)  Interleukin-4 (Il-4) 
D)  Interleukin-12 (Il-12)

Question 11

What are characteristics of helper T2 cells (Th2)?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are induced by antigens derived from allergens. 
B)  They are induced by antigens derived from cancer cells. 
C)  They produce interleukin 1 (Il-2)tumor necrosis factor ß and interferon 
D)  They assist in the development of cell-mediated immunity. 
A)  They are induced by antigens derived from allergens. 
B)  They are induced by antigens derived from cancer cells. 
C)  They produce interleukin 1 (Il-2)tumor necrosis factor ß and interferon 
D)  They assist in the development of cell-mediated immunity.

Question 12

Which is an example of a bacterial toxin that has been inactivated,but still retains its immunogenicity to protect the person?

Accepted Answer

A)  Poliomyelitis 
B)  Measles 
C)  Tetanus 
D)  Gonorrhea 
A)  Poliomyelitis 
B)  Measles 
C)  Tetanus 
D)  Gonorrhea

Question 13

Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Passive acquired immunity 
B)  Active acquired immunity 
C)  Passive innate immunity 
D)  Active innate immunity 
A)  Passive acquired immunity 
B)  Active acquired immunity 
C)  Passive innate immunity 
D)  Active innate immunity

Question 14

What is the most important determinant of immunogenicity?

Accepted Answer

A)  The antigen's size 
B)  The antigen's foreignness 
C)  The antigen's complexity 
D)  The antigen's quantity 
A)  The antigen's size 
B)  The antigen's foreignness 
C)  The antigen's complexity 
D)  The antigen's quantity

Question 15

The portion of the antigen that is configured for recognition and binding is called an antigenic determinant or a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  immunotope. 
B)  paratope. 
C)  epitope. 
D)  antigenitope. 
A)  immunotope. 
B)  paratope. 
C)  epitope. 
D)  antigenitope.

Question 16

How do antibodies protect the host from bacterial toxins?

Accepted Answer

A)  By lysing the cell membrane of the toxins 
B)  By binding to the toxins to neutralize their biologic effects 
C)  By inhibiting the synthesis of DNA proteins needed for growth 
D)  By interfering with the DNA enzyme needed for replication 
A)  By lysing the cell membrane of the toxins 
B)  By binding to the toxins to neutralize their biologic effects 
C)  By inhibiting the synthesis of DNA proteins needed for growth 
D)  By interfering with the DNA enzyme needed for replication

Question 17

How are vaccinations able to provide protection against certain microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because of the strong response from immunoglobulin M (IgM) 
B)  Because of the level of protection provided by immunoglobulin G (IgG) 
C)  Because of the memory cells for immunoglobulin E (Ig
E)  
D)  Because of the rapid response from immunoglobulin A (Ig
A)  
A)  Because of the strong response from immunoglobulin M (IgM) 
B)  Because of the level of protection provided by immunoglobulin G (IgG) 
C)  Because of the memory cells for immunoglobulin E (Ig
E)  
D)  Because of the rapid response from immunoglobulin A (Ig
A)

Question 18

How are the functions of major histocompatibility molecules and CD1 molecules alike?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are both antigen-presenting molecules. 
B)  They both bind antigens to antibodies. 
C)  They both secrete interleukins during the immune process. 
D)  They are both capable of activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 
A)  They are both antigen-presenting molecules. 
B)  They both bind antigens to antibodies. 
C)  They both secrete interleukins during the immune process. 
D)  They are both capable of activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Question 19

Which is an example of an exogenous antigen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Virus 
B)  Cancer cells 
C)  Bacteria 
A)  Virus 
B)  Cancer cells 
C)  Bacteria

Question 20

What is the term for the process in which lymphoid stem cells migrate from the bone marrow to the central lymphoid organs (the thymus or bone marrow)where they undergo cellular changes into either immunocompetent T cells or immunocompetent B cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Generation of clonal diversity 
B)  Clonal differentiation 
C)  Clonal selection 
D)  Clonal competence 
A)  Generation of clonal diversity 
B)  Clonal differentiation 
C)  Clonal selection 
D)  Clonal competence

Exam 7: Adaptive Immunity

If a person had very low levels of Ig__,he or she may be more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes.

Match the CD 4 (cluster of differentiation)cells and CD 8 cells with their characteristics.(Answers may be used more than once. ) -Develop into cytotoxic T cells

T lymphocytes are primarily responsible for protection against bacteria and a variety of viruses.

MATCHING Match each immunoglobulin with its characteristic or function.(Immunoglobulins can be used more than once. ) -Most abundant immunoglobulin and accounts for most of the protective activity against infections

Before birth,humans produce a large number of T lymphocytes (T cells)and B lymphocytes (B cells)that have the capacity to recognize almost any foreign antigen found in the environment.

Which antibody is detected in the circulation to indicate a typical primary immune response?

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)molecules are located on the surface of all body cells except erythrocytes.

Which are characteristics of the generation of clonal diversity?

Where do B lymphocytes mature and undergo changes that commit them to becoming B cells?

Which cytokine is needed for the maturation of a functional helper T cell?

What are characteristics of helper T2 cells (Th2)?

Which is an example of a bacterial toxin that has been inactivated,but still retains its immunogenicity to protect the person?

Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen?

What is the most important determinant of immunogenicity?

The portion of the antigen that is configured for recognition and binding is called an antigenic determinant or a(n):

How do antibodies protect the host from bacterial toxins?

How are vaccinations able to provide protection against certain microorganisms?

How are the functions of major histocompatibility molecules and CD1 molecules alike?

Which is an example of an exogenous antigen?

What is the term for the process in which lymphoid stem cells migrate from the bone marrow to the central lymphoid organs (the thymus or bone marrow)where they undergo cellular changes into either immunocompetent T cells or immunocompetent B cells?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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