Question 1

MATCHING
Match the electrolytes with the corresponding descriptions.(Terms can be used more than once. )
-Required for glycogen deposition in the liver

Accepted Answer

A) Sodium 
B) Chloride 
C) Potassium 
D) Magnesium 
E) Phosphate 
A) Sodium 
B) Chloride 
C) Potassium 
D) Magnesium 
E) Phosphate

Question 2

_____ alterations occur when changes in total body water (TBW)are accompanied by proportional changes in electrolytes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Isotonic 
B)  Hypertonic 
C)  Hypotonic 
D)  Normotonic 
A)  Isotonic 
B)  Hypertonic 
C)  Hypotonic 
D)  Normotonic

Question 3

How does the body reestablish equilibrium when solute is added to extracellular fluid making it hypertonic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water is drawn from the extracellular space to the intracellular space. 
B)  Sodium is drawn from the extracellular space to the intracellular space. 
C)  Sodium is drawn from the intracellular space to the extracellular space. 
D)  Water is drawn from the intracellular space to the extracellular space. 
A)  Water is drawn from the extracellular space to the intracellular space. 
B)  Sodium is drawn from the extracellular space to the intracellular space. 
C)  Sodium is drawn from the intracellular space to the extracellular space. 
D)  Water is drawn from the intracellular space to the extracellular space.

Question 4

During acidosis,the body compensates for the increase in hydrogen ions in the blood by shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygen 
B)  Sodium 
C)  Potassium 
D)  Magnesium 
A)  Oxygen 
B)  Sodium 
C)  Potassium 
D)  Magnesium

Question 5

Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of a reduction in which pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Capillary hydrostatic pressure 
B)  Interstitial hydrostatic pressure 
C)  Capillary oncotic pressure 
D)  Interstitial oncotic pressure 
A)  Capillary hydrostatic pressure 
B)  Interstitial hydrostatic pressure 
C)  Capillary oncotic pressure 
D)  Interstitial oncotic pressure

Question 6

Infants have the highest overall percentage of body water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Match each electrolyte imbalance with its clinical manifestations.
-Confusion,irritability,depression,headache,seizures

Accepted Answer

A) Hyponatremia 
B) Hypernatremia 
C) Hypercalcemia 
D) Hypokalemia 
E) Hypomagnesemia 
A) Hyponatremia 
B) Hypernatremia 
C) Hypercalcemia 
D) Hypokalemia 
E) Hypomagnesemia

Question 8

Which groups are at risk for fluid imbalance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elderly persons,thin women,and infants 
B)  Infants,children,and obese persons 
C)  Thin women,obese persons,and elderly persons 
D)  Obese persons,elderly persons,and infants 
A)  Elderly persons,thin women,and infants 
B)  Infants,children,and obese persons 
C)  Thin women,obese persons,and elderly persons 
D)  Obese persons,elderly persons,and infants

Question 9

How does the loss of chloride during vomiting cause metabolic alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loss of chloride stimulates the release of aldosterone,which causes the retained sodium to bind with the chloride. 
B)  Loss of chloride causes hydrogen to move into the cell and exchange with potassium to maintain cation balance. 
C)  Loss of chloride causes retention of bicarbonate to maintain the anion balance. 
D)  Loss of chloride causes hypoventilation to compensate for the metabolic alkalosis. 
A)  Loss of chloride stimulates the release of aldosterone,which causes the retained sodium to bind with the chloride. 
B)  Loss of chloride causes hydrogen to move into the cell and exchange with potassium to maintain cation balance. 
C)  Loss of chloride causes retention of bicarbonate to maintain the anion balance. 
D)  Loss of chloride causes hypoventilation to compensate for the metabolic alkalosis.

Question 10

Which enzyme is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney when circulating blood volume is reduced?

Accepted Answer

A)  Angiotensin I 
B)  Angiotensin II 
C)  Aldosterone 
D)  Renin 
A)  Angiotensin I 
B)  Angiotensin II 
C)  Aldosterone 
D)  Renin

Question 11

What is the significance of deep,rapid breathing (Kussmaul respirations)in metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It indicates that anxiety,with rapid breathing,is a cause of respiratory acidosis. 
B)  It indicates the excessive carbon dioxide is exhaled to compensate for metabolic acidosis. 
C)  It indicates that diabetic ketoacidosis is the cause of the metabolic acidosis. 
D)  It indicates that more oxygen is necessary to compensate for respiratory acidosis. 
A)  It indicates that anxiety,with rapid breathing,is a cause of respiratory acidosis. 
B)  It indicates the excessive carbon dioxide is exhaled to compensate for metabolic acidosis. 
C)  It indicates that diabetic ketoacidosis is the cause of the metabolic acidosis. 
D)  It indicates that more oxygen is necessary to compensate for respiratory acidosis.

Question 12

What are causes of hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperparathyroidism and malnutrition 
B)  Vomiting and diarrhea 
C)  Renal failure and crush injuries 
D)  Hyperaldosteronism and Cushing disease 
A)  Hyperparathyroidism and malnutrition 
B)  Vomiting and diarrhea 
C)  Renal failure and crush injuries 
D)  Hyperaldosteronism and Cushing disease

Question 13

What is a major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for transmission of nerve impulses?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ratio between intracellular sodium (Na+)and extracellular sodium 
B)  The ratio between intracellular potassium (K+)and extracellular potassium 
C)  The ratio between intracellular sodium (Na+)and extracellular potassium (K+) 
D)  The ratio between intracellular potassium (K+)and extracellular sodium (Na+) 
A)  The ratio between intracellular sodium (Na+)and extracellular sodium 
B)  The ratio between intracellular potassium (K+)and extracellular potassium 
C)  The ratio between intracellular sodium (Na+)and extracellular potassium (K+) 
D)  The ratio between intracellular potassium (K+)and extracellular sodium (Na+)

Question 14

Match each electrolyte imbalance with its clinical manifestations.
-Fatigue,weakness,kidney stones,varying degrees of heart block

Accepted Answer

A) Hyponatremia 
B) Hypernatremia 
C) Hypercalcemia 
D) Hypokalemia 
E) Hypomagnesemia 
A) Hyponatremia 
B) Hypernatremia 
C) Hypercalcemia 
D) Hypokalemia 
E) Hypomagnesemia

Question 15

MATCHING
Match the electrolytes with the corresponding descriptions.(Terms can be used more than once. )
-Regulation of osmolality

Accepted Answer

A) Sodium 
B) Chloride 
C) Potassium 
D) Magnesium 
E) Phosphate 
A) Sodium 
B) Chloride 
C) Potassium 
D) Magnesium 
E) Phosphate

Question 16

Proteins are primarily an intracellular buffer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Movement of water from the intracellular fluid (ICF)to the extracellular fluid (ECF)is primarily accomplished by active transport.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Water movement between the intracellular fluid compartment and the extracellular compartment is primarily a function of:

Accepted Answer

A)  osmotic forces. 
B)  plasma oncotic pressure. 
C)  antidiuretic hormone. 
D)  hydrostatic forces. 
A)  osmotic forces. 
B)  plasma oncotic pressure. 
C)  antidiuretic hormone. 
D)  hydrostatic forces.

Question 19

Match each electrolyte imbalance with its clinical manifestations.
-Absent bowel sounds,skeletal muscle weakness,bradycardia

Accepted Answer

A) Hyponatremia 
B) Hypernatremia 
C) Hypercalcemia 
D) Hypokalemia 
E) Hypomagnesemia 
A) Hyponatremia 
B) Hypernatremia 
C) Hypercalcemia 
D) Hypokalemia 
E) Hypomagnesemia

Question 20

In hyperkalemia,cardiac rhythm changes are a direct result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac cell hypopolarization. 
B)  cardiac cell hyperexcitability. 
C)  depression of the sinoatrial (S
A) node. 
D)  cardiac cell repolarization. 
A)  cardiac cell hypopolarization. 
B)  cardiac cell hyperexcitability. 
C)  depression of the sinoatrial (S
A) node. 
D)  cardiac cell repolarization.

Exam 3: The Cellular Environment

MATCHING Match the electrolytes with the corresponding descriptions.(Terms can be used more than once. ) -Required for glycogen deposition in the liver

_____ alterations occur when changes in total body water (TBW)are accompanied by proportional changes in electrolytes.

How does the body reestablish equilibrium when solute is added to extracellular fluid making it hypertonic?

During acidosis,the body compensates for the increase in hydrogen ions in the blood by shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte?

Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of a reduction in which pressure?

Infants have the highest overall percentage of body water.

Match each electrolyte imbalance with its clinical manifestations. -Confusion,irritability,depression,headache,seizures

Which groups are at risk for fluid imbalance?

How does the loss of chloride during vomiting cause metabolic alkalosis?

Which enzyme is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney when circulating blood volume is reduced?

What is the significance of deep,rapid breathing (Kussmaul respirations)in metabolic acidosis?

What are causes of hyperkalemia?

What is a major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for transmission of nerve impulses?

Match each electrolyte imbalance with its clinical manifestations. -Fatigue,weakness,kidney stones,varying degrees of heart block

MATCHING Match the electrolytes with the corresponding descriptions.(Terms can be used more than once. ) -Regulation of osmolality

Proteins are primarily an intracellular buffer.

Movement of water from the intracellular fluid (ICF)to the extracellular fluid (ECF)is primarily accomplished by active transport.

Water movement between the intracellular fluid compartment and the extracellular compartment is primarily a function of:

Match each electrolyte imbalance with its clinical manifestations. -Absent bowel sounds,skeletal muscle weakness,bradycardia

In hyperkalemia,cardiac rhythm changes are a direct result of:

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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