Question 1

Activity at an axoaxonic synapse can directly increase the amount of neurotransmitter released from the postsynaptic cell. This is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  presynaptic inhibition. 
B)  neuromodulation. 
C)  axosomatic activation. 
D)  presynaptic facilitation. 
A)  presynaptic inhibition. 
B)  neuromodulation. 
C)  axosomatic activation. 
D)  presynaptic facilitation.

Question 2

The relaxing effects of _______ on smooth muscle and the resulting dilation of the arteries are due to an increase in the second messenger _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein kinase G; cGMP 
B)  protein kinase A; cAMP 
C)  nitric oxide; cGMP 
D)  nitric oxide; calcium 
A)  protein kinase G; cGMP 
B)  protein kinase A; cAMP 
C)  nitric oxide; cGMP 
D)  nitric oxide; calcium

Question 3

Which statement about metabotropic receptors is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The receptor itself is an ion channel that opens upon ligand binding. 
B)  The receptor has one subunit with seven transmembrane domains. 
C)  They are coupled to intracellular G proteins. 
D)  When activated they can stimulate effector enzymes. 
A)  The receptor itself is an ion channel that opens upon ligand binding. 
B)  The receptor has one subunit with seven transmembrane domains. 
C)  They are coupled to intracellular G proteins. 
D)  When activated they can stimulate effector enzymes.

Question 4

Neurotransmitters are released into the _______, whereas hormones are released into the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  synaptic cleft; brain 
B)  bloodstream; synaptic cleft 
C)  synaptic cleft; bloodstream 
D)  vesicles; bloodstream 
A)  synaptic cleft; brain 
B)  bloodstream; synaptic cleft 
C)  synaptic cleft; bloodstream 
D)  vesicles; bloodstream

Question 5

Releasing hormones from the _______ enter the bloodstream in the median eminence and act on the _______, causing the release of various hormones.

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior pituitary; thyroid 
B)  posterior pituitary; hypothalamus 
C)  hypothalamus; anterior pituitary 
D)  hypothalamus; posterior pituitary 
A)  anterior pituitary; thyroid 
B)  posterior pituitary; hypothalamus 
C)  hypothalamus; anterior pituitary 
D)  hypothalamus; posterior pituitary

Question 6

Cocaine increases the amount of DA, 5-HT, and NE in the synaptic cleft by

Accepted Answer

A)  preventing metabolism. 
B)  blocking transporters. 
C)  blocking autoreceptors. 
D)  increasing synthesis. 
A)  preventing metabolism. 
B)  blocking transporters. 
C)  blocking autoreceptors. 
D)  increasing synthesis.

Question 7

The saclike structures in the presynaptic terminal are called _______ and are filled with _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria; neurotransmitter molecules 
B)  synaptic vesicles; mitochondria 
C)  synaptic vesicles; neurotransmitter molecules 
D)  mitochondria; ATP 
A)  mitochondria; neurotransmitter molecules 
B)  synaptic vesicles; mitochondria 
C)  synaptic vesicles; neurotransmitter molecules 
D)  mitochondria; ATP

Question 8

Though he could not see it, Sir Charles Sherrington correctly surmised that neurons do not actually touch one another. This idea has been verified with the use of

Accepted Answer

A)  the electron microscope. 
B)  the light microscope. 
C)  frog heart experiments first done by Loewi. 
D)  electrophysiological recordings. 
A)  the electron microscope. 
B)  the light microscope. 
C)  frog heart experiments first done by Loewi. 
D)  electrophysiological recordings.

Question 9

Describe the functions of the glucocorticoids, which are steroid hormones.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the functions of the glucocorticoids, which...

Question 10

Which of the following is not one of the criteria a substance must meet to be considered a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

A)  The presynaptic cell should contain the proposed substance and have a mechanism for synthesizing it. 
B)  Vesicles containing the substance move down the axon with the action potentials when the neuron is stimulated. 
C)  Receptors for the proposed substance should be present on the postsynaptic cell. 
D)  There is a means for inactivating the substance with an antagonist drug. 
A)  The presynaptic cell should contain the proposed substance and have a mechanism for synthesizing it. 
B)  Vesicles containing the substance move down the axon with the action potentials when the neuron is stimulated. 
C)  Receptors for the proposed substance should be present on the postsynaptic cell. 
D)  There is a means for inactivating the substance with an antagonist drug.

Question 11

The primary treatment for Parkinson's disease is the administration of the drug L-DOPA, which

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulates the release of dopamine. 
B)  inhibits the synthesis of dopamine. 
C)  directly stimulates postsynaptic dopamine receptors. 
D)  is the synthetic precursor to dopamine (D
A) . 
A)  stimulates the release of dopamine. 
B)  inhibits the synthesis of dopamine. 
C)  directly stimulates postsynaptic dopamine receptors. 
D)  is the synthetic precursor to dopamine (D
A) .

Question 12

Otto Loewi's experiment with frog hearts was important because it demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A)  the idea of chemical neurotransmission is correct. 
B)  electrical impulses are responsible for neural transmission. 
C)  the frog heart can be kept alive when removed from the frog. 
D)  the neuron doctrine is correct. 
A)  the idea of chemical neurotransmission is correct. 
B)  electrical impulses are responsible for neural transmission. 
C)  the frog heart can be kept alive when removed from the frog. 
D)  the neuron doctrine is correct.

Question 13

Which statement about ionotropic receptors is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They rapidly cause intracellular effects. 
B)  G proteins are activated upon binding of neurotransmitter. 
C)  They are composed of only one subunit. 
D)  Binding of an agonist induces long-lasting responses in the cell. 
A)  They rapidly cause intracellular effects. 
B)  G proteins are activated upon binding of neurotransmitter. 
C)  They are composed of only one subunit. 
D)  Binding of an agonist induces long-lasting responses in the cell.

Question 14

Prior to neurotransmitter release, vesicles are transported to specialized regions of the presynaptic terminal called _______ zones, where they bind to the terminal in a process known as _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  priming; docking 
B)  active; docking 
C)  active; endocytosis 
D)  priming; exocytosis 
A)  priming; docking 
B)  active; docking 
C)  active; endocytosis 
D)  priming; exocytosis

Question 15

Synaptic inhibition may be produced by ACh acting through metabotropic receptors. This inhibition results from the activation of _______ channels by the G protein.

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ 
B)  Cl- 
C)  K+ 
D)  Ca2+ 
A)  Na+ 
B)  Cl- 
C)  K+ 
D)  Ca2+

Question 16

Selective blockade of terminal autoreceptors for DA would lead to a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  increase in neurotransmitter release. 
B)  decrease in neurotransmitter release. 
C)  decrease in cell firing. 
D)  increase in cell firing. 
A)  increase in neurotransmitter release. 
B)  decrease in neurotransmitter release. 
C)  decrease in cell firing. 
D)  increase in cell firing.

Question 17

In the hypothalamus, secretory neurons, (called _______ neurons), release _______ and _______ into the bloodstream.

Accepted Answer

A)  microcellular; prolactin; vasopressin 
B)  magnocellular; vasopressin; oxytocin 
C)  target; oxytocin; prolactin 
D)  Langerhans; releasing hormones; tropic 
A)  microcellular; prolactin; vasopressin 
B)  magnocellular; vasopressin; oxytocin 
C)  target; oxytocin; prolactin 
D)  Langerhans; releasing hormones; tropic

Question 18

Steroid hormones bind to _______ receptors, which act as _______ when activated and regulate gene expression.

Accepted Answer

A)  metabotropic; G proteins 
B)  intracellular; transcription factors 
C)  tyrosine kinase; transcription factors 
D)  membrane-bound; G proteins 
A)  metabotropic; G proteins 
B)  intracellular; transcription factors 
C)  tyrosine kinase; transcription factors 
D)  membrane-bound; G proteins

Question 19

If a substance is a neurotransmitter, stimulation of the presynaptic cell should have the same effect as

Accepted Answer

A)  direct application of the proposed substance to the postsynaptic cell. 
B)  stimulation of the postsynaptic cell. 
C)  blocking receptors on the postsynaptic cell. 
D)  inactivating the substance. 
A)  direct application of the proposed substance to the postsynaptic cell. 
B)  stimulation of the postsynaptic cell. 
C)  blocking receptors on the postsynaptic cell. 
D)  inactivating the substance.

Question 20

The direct effect of depolarization of the presynaptic nerve terminal by the action potential is the

Accepted Answer

A)  docking of vesicles at the active zones. 
B)  opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. 
C)  packaging of neurotransmitter into vesicles. 
D)  activation of autoreceptors. 
A)  docking of vesicles at the active zones. 
B)  opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. 
C)  packaging of neurotransmitter into vesicles. 
D)  activation of autoreceptors.

Activity at an axoaxonic synapse can directly increase the amount of neurotransmitter released from the postsynaptic cell. This is known as

The relaxing effects of _ on smooth muscle and the resulting dilation of the arteries are due to an increase in the second messenger _.

Which statement about metabotropic receptors is false?

Neurotransmitters are released into the _, whereas hormones are released into the _.

Releasing hormones from the _ enter the bloodstream in the median eminence and act on the _, causing the release of various hormones.

Cocaine increases the amount of DA, 5-HT, and NE in the synaptic cleft by

The saclike structures in the presynaptic terminal are called _ and are filled with _.

Though he could not see it, Sir Charles Sherrington correctly surmised that neurons do not actually touch one another. This idea has been verified with the use of

Describe the functions of the glucocorticoids, which are steroid hormones.

Which of the following is not one of the criteria a substance must meet to be considered a neurotransmitter?

The primary treatment for Parkinson's disease is the administration of the drug L-DOPA, which

Otto Loewi's experiment with frog hearts was important because it demonstrated that

Which statement about ionotropic receptors is true?

Prior to neurotransmitter release, vesicles are transported to specialized regions of the presynaptic terminal called _ zones, where they bind to the terminal in a process known as _.

Synaptic inhibition may be produced by ACh acting through metabotropic receptors. This inhibition results from the activation of _______ channels by the G protein.

Selective blockade of terminal autoreceptors for DA would lead to a(n)

In the hypothalamus, secretory neurons, (called ___ neurons), release _ and _____ into the bloodstream.

Steroid hormones bind to _ receptors, which act as _ when activated and regulate gene expression.

If a substance is a neurotransmitter, stimulation of the presynaptic cell should have the same effect as

The direct effect of depolarization of the presynaptic nerve terminal by the action potential is the

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Exam 3: Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Activity at an axoaxonic synapse can directly increase the amount of neurotransmitter released from the postsynaptic cell. This is known as

The relaxing effects of _______ on smooth muscle and the resulting dilation of the arteries are due to an increase in the second messenger _______.

Which statement about metabotropic receptors is false?

Neurotransmitters are released into the _______, whereas hormones are released into the _______.

Releasing hormones from the _______ enter the bloodstream in the median eminence and act on the _______, causing the release of various hormones.

Cocaine increases the amount of DA, 5-HT, and NE in the synaptic cleft by

The saclike structures in the presynaptic terminal are called _______ and are filled with _______.

Though he could not see it, Sir Charles Sherrington correctly surmised that neurons do not actually touch one another. This idea has been verified with the use of

Describe the functions of the glucocorticoids, which are steroid hormones.

Which of the following is not one of the criteria a substance must meet to be considered a neurotransmitter?

The primary treatment for Parkinson's disease is the administration of the drug L-DOPA, which

Otto Loewi's experiment with frog hearts was important because it demonstrated that

Which statement about ionotropic receptors is true?

Prior to neurotransmitter release, vesicles are transported to specialized regions of the presynaptic terminal called _______ zones, where they bind to the terminal in a process known as _______.

Synaptic inhibition may be produced by ACh acting through metabotropic receptors. This inhibition results from the activation of _______ channels by the G protein.

Selective blockade of terminal autoreceptors for DA would lead to a(n)

In the hypothalamus, secretory neurons, (called _______ neurons), release _______ and _______ into the bloodstream.

Steroid hormones bind to _______ receptors, which act as _______ when activated and regulate gene expression.

If a substance is a neurotransmitter, stimulation of the presynaptic cell should have the same effect as

The direct effect of depolarization of the presynaptic nerve terminal by the action potential is the

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

The relaxing effects of _ on smooth muscle and the resulting dilation of the arteries are due to an increase in the second messenger _.

Neurotransmitters are released into the _, whereas hormones are released into the _.

Releasing hormones from the _ enter the bloodstream in the median eminence and act on the _, causing the release of various hormones.

The saclike structures in the presynaptic terminal are called _ and are filled with _.

Prior to neurotransmitter release, vesicles are transported to specialized regions of the presynaptic terminal called _ zones, where they bind to the terminal in a process known as _.

In the hypothalamus, secretory neurons, (called ___ neurons), release _ and _____ into the bloodstream.

Steroid hormones bind to _ receptors, which act as _ when activated and regulate gene expression.