Question 1

Androgen receptors

Accepted Answer

A)  are found in muscle tissue, where they increase protein synthesis and muscle growth when activated by androgens. 
B)  are found in the cell nucleus in the inactive state. 
C)  translocate into the cell cytoplasm when bound to an androgen. 
D)  shut down gene transcription when activated. 
A)  are found in muscle tissue, where they increase protein synthesis and muscle growth when activated by androgens. 
B)  are found in the cell nucleus in the inactive state. 
C)  translocate into the cell cytoplasm when bound to an androgen. 
D)  shut down gene transcription when activated.

Question 2

All of the following are health risks of inhalant use except

Accepted Answer

A)  fatal cardiac arrhythmia. 
B)  coronary heart disease. 
C)  damage to myelin sheaths surrounding axons. 
D)  white matter damage. 
A)  fatal cardiac arrhythmia. 
B)  coronary heart disease. 
C)  damage to myelin sheaths surrounding axons. 
D)  white matter damage.

Question 3

Heavy users of anabolic steroids may show all of the following psychological or behavioral symptoms except

Accepted Answer

A)  a perception that the user is weak and small. 
B)  increased irritability or anxiety. 
C)  impaired cognitive function. 
D)  depressed mood during withdrawal. 
A)  a perception that the user is weak and small. 
B)  increased irritability or anxiety. 
C)  impaired cognitive function. 
D)  depressed mood during withdrawal.

Question 4

What is known about the action of inhalants in the CNS? Describe the evidence that supports that these drugs stimulate brain areas associated with reward. Are these substances reinforcing? Why are inhalants particularly difficult to study as a class of drugs?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is known about the action of...

Question 5

It is thought that GHB may be co-released with GABA upon neuronal firing because

Accepted Answer

A)  it can be taken up into GABAergic vesicles. 
B)  it is produced during the synthesis of GABA. 
C)  GABA is metabolized into GHB in the vesicles. 
D)  GHB easily passes through vesicular membranes. 
A)  it can be taken up into GABAergic vesicles. 
B)  it is produced during the synthesis of GABA. 
C)  GABA is metabolized into GHB in the vesicles. 
D)  GHB easily passes through vesicular membranes.

Question 6

In the human brain, the highest levels of endogenous GBH are found in the _______ and the lowest levels are found in the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  amygdala; hippocampus 
B)  hippocampus; amygdala 
C)  striatum; cerebellum 
D)  cerebellum; striatum 
A)  amygdala; hippocampus 
B)  hippocampus; amygdala 
C)  striatum; cerebellum 
D)  cerebellum; striatum

Question 7

The reinforcing properties of anabolic steroids

Accepted Answer

A)  are demonstrated in self-administration and place conditioning studies in animals. 
B)  are produced by activation of intracellular androgen receptors. 
C)  manifest immediately in human users as euphoria. 
D)  are amplified in rats genetically engineered to have nonfunctional androgen receptors. 
A)  are demonstrated in self-administration and place conditioning studies in animals. 
B)  are produced by activation of intracellular androgen receptors. 
C)  manifest immediately in human users as euphoria. 
D)  are amplified in rats genetically engineered to have nonfunctional androgen receptors.

Question 8

Describe the therapeutic uses of GHB/sodium oxybate in the United States and Europe. What measures have been taken to prevent recreational use of this compound?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the therapeutic uses of GHB/sodium oxybate...

Question 9

With respect to GHB tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal,

Accepted Answer

A)  tolerance to GHB has been found in animal studies. 
B)  anecdotal reports suggest that dependence does not develop with repeated use of GHB. 
C)  withdrawal symptoms are mild (sleep disruption), even at very high doses. 
D)  tolerance to GHB in humans has been well-studied and does not seem to exist. 
A)  tolerance to GHB has been found in animal studies. 
B)  anecdotal reports suggest that dependence does not develop with repeated use of GHB. 
C)  withdrawal symptoms are mild (sleep disruption), even at very high doses. 
D)  tolerance to GHB in humans has been well-studied and does not seem to exist.

Question 10

Low doses of GHB produce all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  disinhibition. 
B)  mild euphoria. 
C)  calmness and relaxation. 
D)  perceptual disturbances. 
A)  disinhibition. 
B)  mild euphoria. 
C)  calmness and relaxation. 
D)  perceptual disturbances.

Question 11

Specific effects of anabolic steroids on males and females include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller testes in males. 
B)  shrinking of the prostate in males. 
C)  breast development in males. 
D)  enlarged clitoris in females. 
A)  smaller testes in males. 
B)  shrinking of the prostate in males. 
C)  breast development in males. 
D)  enlarged clitoris in females.

Question 12

Dependence on anabolic steroids is

Accepted Answer

A)  supported by multiple previous studies that suggested that users met most of the DSM-IV criteria for substance abuse and withdrawal. 
B)  supported by the fact that many individuals seek help for problems stemming from anabolic steroid abuse. 
C)  shown in the strong cravings reported by users who are no longer taking steroid drugs. 
D)  shown in the report that even first-time steroid users find the drugs to be rewarding and desirable. 
A)  supported by multiple previous studies that suggested that users met most of the DSM-IV criteria for substance abuse and withdrawal. 
B)  supported by the fact that many individuals seek help for problems stemming from anabolic steroid abuse. 
C)  shown in the strong cravings reported by users who are no longer taking steroid drugs. 
D)  shown in the report that even first-time steroid users find the drugs to be rewarding and desirable.

Question 13

List the ways in which anabolic steroid use meets the criteria for drug dependence. In what ways is steroid use atypical?

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the ways in which anabolic steroid...

Question 14

Animal studies designed to measure the reward value of GHB

Accepted Answer

A)  have been reliably consistent with human studies. 
B)  have shown positive findings in self-administration paradigms but not place-conditioning tasks. 
C)  have found even stronger evidence for the reinforcing effects of GHB than in human studies. 
D)  are inconsistent, with rodents showing positive findings and baboons demonstrating variable results. 
A)  have been reliably consistent with human studies. 
B)  have shown positive findings in self-administration paradigms but not place-conditioning tasks. 
C)  have found even stronger evidence for the reinforcing effects of GHB than in human studies. 
D)  are inconsistent, with rodents showing positive findings and baboons demonstrating variable results.

Question 15

Why might people who take anabolic steroids engage in a pattern of use called cycling?

Accepted Answer

A)  To allow time for the use of a second steroid 
B)  To lower the cost related to obtaining steroids 
C)  To avoid the obvious signs of increased muscle mass 
D)  To avoid detection of a banned substance 
A)  To allow time for the use of a second steroid 
B)  To lower the cost related to obtaining steroids 
C)  To avoid the obvious signs of increased muscle mass 
D)  To avoid detection of a banned substance

Question 16

All of the following symptoms have been observed during the abuse of inhalants except

Accepted Answer

A)  euphoria. 
B)  hallucinations. 
C)  delusions. 
D)  mania. 
A)  euphoria. 
B)  hallucinations. 
C)  delusions. 
D)  mania.

Question 17

What type of steroid use might an endurance athlete or a sprinter choose?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stacking 
B)  High doses right before the event 
C)  Pyramiding 
D)  Low dosing 
A)  Stacking 
B)  High doses right before the event 
C)  Pyramiding 
D)  Low dosing

Androgen receptors

All of the following are health risks of inhalant use except

Heavy users of anabolic steroids may show all of the following psychological or behavioral symptoms except

What is known about the action of inhalants in the CNS? Describe the evidence that supports that these drugs stimulate brain areas associated with reward. Are these substances reinforcing? Why are inhalants particularly difficult to study as a class of drugs?

It is thought that GHB may be co-released with GABA upon neuronal firing because

In the human brain, the highest levels of endogenous GBH are found in the _ and the lowest levels are found in the _.

The reinforcing properties of anabolic steroids

Describe the therapeutic uses of GHB/sodium oxybate in the United States and Europe. What measures have been taken to prevent recreational use of this compound?

With respect to GHB tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal,

Low doses of GHB produce all of the following except

Specific effects of anabolic steroids on males and females include all of the following except

Dependence on anabolic steroids is

List the ways in which anabolic steroid use meets the criteria for drug dependence. In what ways is steroid use atypical?

Animal studies designed to measure the reward value of GHB

Why might people who take anabolic steroids engage in a pattern of use called cycling?

All of the following symptoms have been observed during the abuse of inhalants except

What type of steroid use might an endurance athlete or a sprinter choose?

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Exam 16: Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Androgen receptors

All of the following are health risks of inhalant use except

Heavy users of anabolic steroids may show all of the following psychological or behavioral symptoms except

What is known about the action of inhalants in the CNS? Describe the evidence that supports that these drugs stimulate brain areas associated with reward. Are these substances reinforcing? Why are inhalants particularly difficult to study as a class of drugs?

It is thought that GHB may be co-released with GABA upon neuronal firing because

In the human brain, the highest levels of endogenous GBH are found in the _______ and the lowest levels are found in the _______.

The reinforcing properties of anabolic steroids

Describe the therapeutic uses of GHB/sodium oxybate in the United States and Europe. What measures have been taken to prevent recreational use of this compound?

With respect to GHB tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal,

Low doses of GHB produce all of the following except

Specific effects of anabolic steroids on males and females include all of the following except

Dependence on anabolic steroids is

List the ways in which anabolic steroid use meets the criteria for drug dependence. In what ways is steroid use atypical?

Animal studies designed to measure the reward value of GHB

Why might people who take anabolic steroids engage in a pattern of use called cycling?

All of the following symptoms have been observed during the abuse of inhalants except

What type of steroid use might an endurance athlete or a sprinter choose?

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

In the human brain, the highest levels of endogenous GBH are found in the _ and the lowest levels are found in the _.