Question 1

In many European countries, women were "rewarded" for their efforts in World War I with which of the following new rights?

Accepted Answer

A)  The right to join labor unions 
B)  The right to sue for custody of their children after divorce 
C)  The right to vote 
D)  The right to control their own wages 
A)  The right to join labor unions 
B)  The right to sue for custody of their children after divorce 
C)  The right to vote 
D)  The right to control their own wages

Question 2

Which of the following statements regarding World War I is supported by this map?
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Accepted Answer

A)  The Central Powers were unable to advance further east than Poland. 
B)  Great Britain had no use for its navy, as most battles were fought on mainland Europe. 
C)  The western front stabilized along the eastern border of France. 
D)  Italy remained neutral for most of the war. 
A)  The Central Powers were unable to advance further east than Poland. 
B)  Great Britain had no use for its navy, as most battles were fought on mainland Europe. 
C)  The western front stabilized along the eastern border of France. 
D)  Italy remained neutral for most of the war.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the new republics of eastern Europe during the 1920s?

Accepted Answer

A)  They flourished economically, as they were better able to industrialize and regulate agricultural production as individual countries than as subject nations under vast empires. 
B)  They struggled to accommodate the arrival of hundreds of thousands of postwar refugees, most of whom had neither land nor jobs. 
C)  They attracted Europe's greatest cultural and intellectual leaders, who saw the new republics as spaces for democratic and artistic experimentation. 
D)  They became some of the most stable democracies in Europe, as the postwar concept of reorganizing eastern Europe along "nationality" lines turned out to be a success. 
A)  They flourished economically, as they were better able to industrialize and regulate agricultural production as individual countries than as subject nations under vast empires. 
B)  They struggled to accommodate the arrival of hundreds of thousands of postwar refugees, most of whom had neither land nor jobs. 
C)  They attracted Europe's greatest cultural and intellectual leaders, who saw the new republics as spaces for democratic and artistic experimentation. 
D)  They became some of the most stable democracies in Europe, as the postwar concept of reorganizing eastern Europe along "nationality" lines turned out to be a success.

Question 4

Although women's work was necessary to the war effort in virtually every European country, many people opposed it. Why?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 5

What changes did Lenin and the Bolshevik government institute in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution in the fall of 1917?

Accepted Answer

A)  They reorganized the collapsed Russian army to fight off the German invasion, organized elections for local and national offices, and restructured the economy. 
B)  They used troops to take over the government, limited elected candidates to members of the Communist Party, abolished private property, and nationalized factories. 
C)  They first secured the food supply to prevent peasant uprisings and keep supplies moving to the front and then reorganized the economy and political system. 
D)  They instituted universal suffrage for both men and women, abolished all political parties except for the Communist Party, and instituted mandatory primary schooling for all peasants. 
A)  They reorganized the collapsed Russian army to fight off the German invasion, organized elections for local and national offices, and restructured the economy. 
B)  They used troops to take over the government, limited elected candidates to members of the Communist Party, abolished private property, and nationalized factories. 
C)  They first secured the food supply to prevent peasant uprisings and keep supplies moving to the front and then reorganized the economy and political system. 
D)  They instituted universal suffrage for both men and women, abolished all political parties except for the Communist Party, and instituted mandatory primary schooling for all peasants.

Question 6

Why did Russia's Provisional Government lose popular support?

Accepted Answer

A)  It failed to win any military victories. 
B)  It prevented an election that would have brought the Bolsheviks to power. 
C)  It gave up enormous territories to Germany in exchange for peace. 
D)  It began seizing farm produce from peasants in order to feed the Russian army. 
A)  It failed to win any military victories. 
B)  It prevented an election that would have brought the Bolsheviks to power. 
C)  It gave up enormous territories to Germany in exchange for peace. 
D)  It began seizing farm produce from peasants in order to feed the Russian army.

Question 7

Which of the following countries was an original member of the League of Nations?
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Accepted Answer

A)  The USSR 
B)  Mexico 
C)  The United States 
D)  Canada 
A)  The USSR 
B)  Mexico 
C)  The United States 
D)  Canada

Question 8

Explain how the efforts of France and Belgium to secure reparations by seizing the Ruhr basin in 1923 led to the virtual economic collapse of Germany.

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 9

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed by Germany and Russia early in 1918,

Accepted Answer

A)  required Germany and Russia to cede territory for the reconstruction of Poland. 
B)  withdrew Russia from the war in exchange for German withdrawal from Ukraine. 
C)  pulled Russia out of the war and changed the balance of World War I. 
D)  created the Third International and promoted its aggressive Marxist agenda. 
A)  required Germany and Russia to cede territory for the reconstruction of Poland. 
B)  withdrew Russia from the war in exchange for German withdrawal from Ukraine. 
C)  pulled Russia out of the war and changed the balance of World War I. 
D)  created the Third International and promoted its aggressive Marxist agenda.

Question 10

Which country initially sided with the Central Powers but ended up joining the Allies in 1915 in hopes of postwar gain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Russia 
B)  The Ottoman Empire 
C)  Italy 
D)  Japan 
A)  Russia 
B)  The Ottoman Empire 
C)  Italy 
D)  Japan

Question 11

How did Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP) break with his war communism policy?

Accepted Answer

A)  It reversed the policy of absolute nationalization and allowed some free-market activity. 
B)  It gave soldiers and sailors their first raise in pay in over four years. 
C)  It set up essential trade with Germany. 
D)  It brought all economic activity under a centralized planning commission. 
A)  It reversed the policy of absolute nationalization and allowed some free-market activity. 
B)  It gave soldiers and sailors their first raise in pay in over four years. 
C)  It set up essential trade with Germany. 
D)  It brought all economic activity under a centralized planning commission.

Question 12

In 1921, after three years of fighting Irish republicans, the British drew up a treaty that

Accepted Answer

A)  made Ireland a self-governing dominion and let Northern Ireland retain seats in the British Parliament. 
B)  thoroughly ignored the distribution of religious minorities in Ireland. 
C)  finally recognized the Irish Free State, only to see the treaty rejected by the northern counties that contained Protestant majorities. 
D)  called for a cessation of hostilities and established a twenty-year timetable for Irish independence. 
A)  made Ireland a self-governing dominion and let Northern Ireland retain seats in the British Parliament. 
B)  thoroughly ignored the distribution of religious minorities in Ireland. 
C)  finally recognized the Irish Free State, only to see the treaty rejected by the northern counties that contained Protestant majorities. 
D)  called for a cessation of hostilities and established a twenty-year timetable for Irish independence.

Question 13

Why was the League of Nations weakened at the outset?

Accepted Answer

A)  The United States, the Soviet Union, and Germany did not or could not participate. 
B)  Germany refused to join the league because France was involved. 
C)  England and France agreed to partition the former territories of the Ottoman Empire. 
D)  France and Britain disagreed over the issue of admitting the former Central Powers. 
A)  The United States, the Soviet Union, and Germany did not or could not participate. 
B)  Germany refused to join the league because France was involved. 
C)  England and France agreed to partition the former territories of the Ottoman Empire. 
D)  France and Britain disagreed over the issue of admitting the former Central Powers.

Question 14

The Italian Fascist movement led by Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) placed its greatest emphasis on which of the following principles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Male violence and nationalist opposition to undesirable groups and ways of life 
B)  Individual dedication to an understanding of Fascist theory 
C)  Economic equality between the poor agrarian south and the rich industrial north 
D)  Liberation from ties to the past, especially the Italian parliament and the Catholic church 
A)  Male violence and nationalist opposition to undesirable groups and ways of life 
B)  Individual dedication to an understanding of Fascist theory 
C)  Economic equality between the poor agrarian south and the rich industrial north 
D)  Liberation from ties to the past, especially the Italian parliament and the Catholic church

Question 15

What do historians mean when they refer to a war as a "total war"? How was World War I a total war? What would a total war look like today? In your opinion, would such a war be possible? Explain why or why not.

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 16

What techniques did soldiers in the trenches adopt to manage the extreme conditions and miseries of prolonged trench warfare?

Accepted Answer

A)  They attempted to maintain their physical and mental fitness through constant military drills and physical workouts, which led to more content and compliant soldiers. 
B)  They organized poetry readings and educational programs to distract themselves from the battlefront and educate the working-class men for their postwar lives. 
C)  They developed strong bonds of male camaraderie with their fellow soldiers. 
D)  They organized unions along class and race lines to protest the conditions at the front and to influence the military leadership's battle decisions. 
A)  They attempted to maintain their physical and mental fitness through constant military drills and physical workouts, which led to more content and compliant soldiers. 
B)  They organized poetry readings and educational programs to distract themselves from the battlefront and educate the working-class men for their postwar lives. 
C)  They developed strong bonds of male camaraderie with their fellow soldiers. 
D)  They organized unions along class and race lines to protest the conditions at the front and to influence the military leadership's battle decisions.

Question 17

Which of the following was true of post-World War I European economies?

Accepted Answer

A)  They collapsed under the weight of war debt and reconstruction costs and never managed to recover. 
B)  Since western European economies were destroyed, new industrial growth in eastern Europe became the major competition for the United States and Japan. 
C)  Although the European economies were weakened, the war forced industry to become more productive and efficient. 
D)  They quickly regained their prewar strength, and by 1925 Britain and Germany once again surpassed the United States in industrial production. 
A)  They collapsed under the weight of war debt and reconstruction costs and never managed to recover. 
B)  Since western European economies were destroyed, new industrial growth in eastern Europe became the major competition for the United States and Japan. 
C)  Although the European economies were weakened, the war forced industry to become more productive and efficient. 
D)  They quickly regained their prewar strength, and by 1925 Britain and Germany once again surpassed the United States in industrial production.

Question 18

Describe the various ways in which Europeans expressed both their rage and frustration with the war, which they saw as the failure of European civilization, and the sense of optimism and idea of postwar utopia that existed in the 1920s. In your answer, be sure to consider artistic, social, and political responses to these dual impulses.

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 19

At the outbreak of World War I, France, Great Britain, and which other country made up the Allied Powers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Austria-Hungary 
B)  Russia 
C)  Germany 
D)  The Ottoman Empire 
A)  Austria-Hungary 
B)  Russia 
C)  Germany 
D)  The Ottoman Empire

Question 20

What was the major tactical strategy at the heart of the German military's Schlieffen Plan?

Accepted Answer

A)  To engage the British and French in trench warfare in the Belgian forest in order to keep them occupied while knocking out the Russian army on the eastern front 
B)  To engage Russia on the eastern front, distracting the British and French armies and allowing German forces to sneak in and attack France along its Italian border 
C)  To aim a concentrated blow against France that was expected to achieve that nation's defeat in six weeks, accompanied by a light holding action against Russia to the east 
D)  To engage Britain and France in skirmishes in their North African colonies while simultaneously planning land and sea invasions of their European territories 
A)  To engage the British and French in trench warfare in the Belgian forest in order to keep them occupied while knocking out the Russian army on the eastern front 
B)  To engage Russia on the eastern front, distracting the British and French armies and allowing German forces to sneak in and attack France along its Italian border 
C)  To aim a concentrated blow against France that was expected to achieve that nation's defeat in six weeks, accompanied by a light holding action against Russia to the east 
D)  To engage Britain and France in skirmishes in their North African colonies while simultaneously planning land and sea invasions of their European territories

Exam 25: World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914-1929

In many European countries, women were "rewarded" for their efforts in World War I with which of the following new rights?

Which of the following statements regarding World War I is supported by this map? ​ ​ ​

Which of the following best describes the new republics of eastern Europe during the 1920s?

Although women's work was necessary to the war effort in virtually every European country, many people opposed it. Why?

What changes did Lenin and the Bolshevik government institute in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution in the fall of 1917?

Why did Russia's Provisional Government lose popular support?

Which of the following countries was an original member of the League of Nations? ​ ​

Explain how the efforts of France and Belgium to secure reparations by seizing the Ruhr basin in 1923 led to the virtual economic collapse of Germany.

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed by Germany and Russia early in 1918,

Which country initially sided with the Central Powers but ended up joining the Allies in 1915 in hopes of postwar gain?

How did Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP) break with his war communism policy?

In 1921, after three years of fighting Irish republicans, the British drew up a treaty that

Why was the League of Nations weakened at the outset?

The Italian Fascist movement led by Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) placed its greatest emphasis on which of the following principles?

What do historians mean when they refer to a war as a "total war"? How was World War I a total war? What would a total war look like today? In your opinion, would such a war be possible? Explain why or why not.

What techniques did soldiers in the trenches adopt to manage the extreme conditions and miseries of prolonged trench warfare?

Which of the following was true of post-World War I European economies?

At the outbreak of World War I, France, Great Britain, and which other country made up the Allied Powers?

What was the major tactical strategy at the heart of the German military's Schlieffen Plan?

Early Western Civilization, 400,000-1000 B.C.E

Near East Empires and the Reemergence of Civilization in Greece, 1000-500 B.C.E

The Greek Golden Age, C 500-C 400 B.C.E

From the Classical to the Hellenistic World, 400-30 B.C.E

The Rise of Rome and Its Republic, 753-44 B.C.E

The Creation of the Roman Empire, 44 B.C.E-284 C.E

The Transformation of the Roman Empire, 284-600 C.E

The Heirs of Rome: Islam, Byzantium, and Europe, 600-750

From Centralization to Fragmentation, 750-1050

Commercial Quickening and Religious Reform, 1050-1150

The Flowering of the Middle Ages, 1150-1215

The Medieval Synthesis and Its Cracks, 1215-1340

Crisis and Renaissance, 1340-1492

Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492-1560

Wars of Religion and the Clash of Worldviews, 1560-1648

Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and the Search for Order, 1640-1700

The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1700-1750

The Promise of Enlightenment, 1750-1789

The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789-1799

Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800-1830

Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830-1850

Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850-1870

Empire, Industry, and Everyday Life, 1870-1890

Modernity and the Road to War, 1890-1914

The Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945

The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, 1945-1960s

Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960s-1989

A New Globalism, 1989 to the Present

Filters

Which of the following statements regarding World War I is supported by this map?

Which of the following countries was an original member of the League of Nations?