Question 1

What was the main function of aristocratic Merovingian marriage? What marriage customs did the Merovingian elite employ?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the following. The main function of aristocratic Merovingian marriage was to produce heirs who could continue the family line and inherit its power and property. The economic and reproductive elements of marriage were emphasized by the fact that the groom paid a considerable dowry for his bride, and she also received a morning gift after consummation. Men could have more than one wife; less formal types of marriage did not require a dowry. Marriages were not performed in churches but were matters of family and property.

Question 2

According to this map, which of the following can be said about Islam by about 750?
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Accepted Answer

A)  The Islamic world was significantly threatened by Christianity in Europe. 
B)  The Islamic world was in steep decline due to conquering by the Byzantine Empire. 
C)  The Islamic world dwarfed Europe and the Byzantine Empire in size and influence. 
D)  The Islamic world failed to influence any regions north of the continent of Africa. 
A)  The Islamic world was significantly threatened by Christianity in Europe. 
B)  The Islamic world was in steep decline due to conquering by the Byzantine Empire. 
C)  The Islamic world dwarfed Europe and the Byzantine Empire in size and influence. 
D)  The Islamic world failed to influence any regions north of the continent of Africa. C

Question 3

What caused the split between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bitter disagreements over who was to succeed Muhammad as the leader of the new Islamic state 
B)  Unyielding opposition to the policy of conquering neighboring territories by force 
C)  Disagreements over whether to treat Christians and Jews in the same manner as pagan polytheists 
D)  The support that leading Sunni caliphs gave to the arts and literature 
A)  Bitter disagreements over who was to succeed Muhammad as the leader of the new Islamic state 
B)  Unyielding opposition to the policy of conquering neighboring territories by force 
C)  Disagreements over whether to treat Christians and Jews in the same manner as pagan polytheists 
D)  The support that leading Sunni caliphs gave to the arts and literature A

Question 4

Who ordered the destruction of all icons after the eighth-century defeat of the Arabs besieging Constantinople?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leo III the Isaurian 
B)  Gregory of Tours 
C)  Pippin III 
D)  Heraclius 
A)  Leo III the Isaurian 
B)  Gregory of Tours 
C)  Pippin III 
D)  Heraclius

Question 5

What does the term ummah refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Islamic clerics 
B)  The community of believers 
C)  Pagans and polytheists 
D)  Muhammad's night-journey to heaven 
A)  Islamic clerics 
B)  The community of believers 
C)  Pagans and polytheists 
D)  Muhammad's night-journey to heaven

Question 6

What did hadith literature consist of?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pious narratives about Muhammad 
B)  Poetry about courage, piety, and even erotic love 
C)  Arab translations of ancient Greek philosophical and mathematical texts 
D)  The suras of the Qur'an 
A)  Pious narratives about Muhammad 
B)  Poetry about courage, piety, and even erotic love 
C)  Arab translations of ancient Greek philosophical and mathematical texts 
D)  The suras of the Qur'an

Question 7

A major conflict between Irish and Roman Christianity was how to calculate the date of

Accepted Answer

A)  Christmas. 
B)  Easter. 
C)  Pentecost. 
D)  Epiphany. 
A)  Christmas. 
B)  Easter. 
C)  Pentecost. 
D)  Epiphany.

Question 8

Which kingdom in Spain was defeated in 711 by invading Arab armies?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Lombards 
B)  The Visigoths 
C)  The Burgundians 
D)  The Arians 
A)  The Lombards 
B)  The Visigoths 
C)  The Burgundians 
D)  The Arians

Question 9

Why did sentiment grow against the use of icons in the Byzantine Empire in the eighth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  Icons were used disproportionately by the upper classes, which had become notably corrupt. 
B)  The use of icons reminded the Byzantines of the religious practices of their enemies, including the Lombards and the Arabs. 
C)  The use of icons was expressly forbidden in the New Testament. 
D)  Icons violated prohibitions on the worship of graven images. 
A)  Icons were used disproportionately by the upper classes, which had become notably corrupt. 
B)  The use of icons reminded the Byzantines of the religious practices of their enemies, including the Lombards and the Arabs. 
C)  The use of icons was expressly forbidden in the New Testament. 
D)  Icons violated prohibitions on the worship of graven images.

Question 10

The Dome of the Rock, a holy Muslim mosque, is located in

Accepted Answer

A)  Mecca. 
B)  Medina. 
C)  Jerusalem. 
D)  Badr. 
A)  Mecca. 
B)  Medina. 
C)  Jerusalem. 
D)  Badr.

Question 11

Muhammad understood himself to be

Accepted Answer

A)  the son of God, like Jesus. 
B)  the last and final prophet. 
C)  a spiritual teacher and an enlightened figure, like the Buddha. 
D)  a scholar of religion. 
A)  the son of God, like Jesus. 
B)  the last and final prophet. 
C)  a spiritual teacher and an enlightened figure, like the Buddha. 
D)  a scholar of religion.

Question 12

What changes did Muhammad make after he realized that the Jews were not accepting Islam?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 13

Roman Christianity's organization was based on bishops' and archbishops' control of territorial units called

Accepted Answer

A)  oblations. 
B)  psalms. 
C)  monks. 
D)  dioceses. 
A)  oblations. 
B)  psalms. 
C)  monks. 
D)  dioceses.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is justified by the map shown here?
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Accepted Answer

A)  The Sasanid Empire assumed control of the lands formerly occupied by the Muslims. 
B)  The western Roman Empire had largely disintegrated as a result of barbarian invasions. 
C)  The Byzantine Empire assumed all lands formerly controlled by the western Roman Empire. 
D)  The Bulgarian Khanate was a threat to the Sasanids by c. 700. 
A)  The Sasanid Empire assumed control of the lands formerly occupied by the Muslims. 
B)  The western Roman Empire had largely disintegrated as a result of barbarian invasions. 
C)  The Byzantine Empire assumed all lands formerly controlled by the western Roman Empire. 
D)  The Bulgarian Khanate was a threat to the Sasanids by c. 700.

Question 15

What impact did war between the Sasanid Empire of Persia and the Byzantine Empire have on those empires' later experiences with Arab Muslims?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 16

Why did Muhammad change his attitude toward the Jews?

Accepted Answer

A)  They refused to pay the zakat. 
B)  They refused to recognize him as a prophet and convert to Islam. 
C)  They refused to take part in the battle of Badr. 
D)  They refused to resettle in either Mecca or Medina. 
A)  They refused to pay the zakat. 
B)  They refused to recognize him as a prophet and convert to Islam. 
C)  They refused to take part in the battle of Badr. 
D)  They refused to resettle in either Mecca or Medina.

Question 17

In what way did Muhammad's position in Medina become a model for Islamic governance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Muhammad's political position in the community made Medina's political and religious institutions inseparable. 
B)  Muhammad established the tradition of doctrinal disputes being settled by a supreme leader, later referred to as the imam. 
C)  Muhammad resolved all conflict via diplomacy and debate and never through war. 
D)  Muhammad discouraged Muslims from having any contact with nonbelievers due to fears of spiritual contamination. 
A)  Muhammad's political position in the community made Medina's political and religious institutions inseparable. 
B)  Muhammad established the tradition of doctrinal disputes being settled by a supreme leader, later referred to as the imam. 
C)  Muhammad resolved all conflict via diplomacy and debate and never through war. 
D)  Muhammad discouraged Muslims from having any contact with nonbelievers due to fears of spiritual contamination.

Question 18

Between the sixth and tenth centuries, Jews in western Europe were

Accepted Answer

A)  segregated in cities and rarely lived in rural areas. 
B)  heavily involved in trade and commerce. 
C)  forced to become traders and pawnbrokers. 
D)  forbidden to own land or slaves. 
A)  segregated in cities and rarely lived in rural areas. 
B)  heavily involved in trade and commerce. 
C)  forced to become traders and pawnbrokers. 
D)  forbidden to own land or slaves.

Question 19

Metropolitans were

Accepted Answer

A)  bishops appointed by the patriarchs to preside over entire provinces. 
B)  Byzantine officials who collected taxes in urban areas. 
C)  churchmen designated to act as intermediaries between Christian factions. 
D)  clergymen of the Nestorian Christians in Sasanid-occupied Mesopotamia. 
A)  bishops appointed by the patriarchs to preside over entire provinces. 
B)  Byzantine officials who collected taxes in urban areas. 
C)  churchmen designated to act as intermediaries between Christian factions. 
D)  clergymen of the Nestorian Christians in Sasanid-occupied Mesopotamia.

Question 20

What does this map of the Merovingian city of Tours c. 600 tell us about religious life of the region?
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Accepted Answer

A)  The bishop preferred to live in the countryside, away from the people. 
B)  Pilgrims and others expanded the city beyond its fortified walls within three hundred years. 
C)  Care of the dead's remains was the purview of the state, not the church. 
D)  The palace of the bishop was a significant pilgrimage center by 600. 
A)  The bishop preferred to live in the countryside, away from the people. 
B)  Pilgrims and others expanded the city beyond its fortified walls within three hundred years. 
C)  Care of the dead's remains was the purview of the state, not the church. 
D)  The palace of the bishop was a significant pilgrimage center by 600.

Exam 8: The Heirs of Rome: Islam, Byzantium, and Europe, 600-750

What was the main function of aristocratic Merovingian marriage? What marriage customs did the Merovingian elite employ?

According to this map, which of the following can be said about Islam by about 750? ​ ​

What caused the split between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims?

Who ordered the destruction of all icons after the eighth-century defeat of the Arabs besieging Constantinople?

What does the term ummah refer to?

What did hadith literature consist of?

A major conflict between Irish and Roman Christianity was how to calculate the date of

Which kingdom in Spain was defeated in 711 by invading Arab armies?

Why did sentiment grow against the use of icons in the Byzantine Empire in the eighth century?

The Dome of the Rock, a holy Muslim mosque, is located in

Muhammad understood himself to be

What changes did Muhammad make after he realized that the Jews were not accepting Islam?

Roman Christianity's organization was based on bishops' and archbishops' control of territorial units called

Which of the following statements is justified by the map shown here? ​ ​

What impact did war between the Sasanid Empire of Persia and the Byzantine Empire have on those empires' later experiences with Arab Muslims?

Why did Muhammad change his attitude toward the Jews?

In what way did Muhammad's position in Medina become a model for Islamic governance?

Between the sixth and tenth centuries, Jews in western Europe were

Metropolitans were

What does this map of the Merovingian city of Tours c. 600 tell us about religious life of the region? ​ ​

Early Western Civilization, 400,000-1000 B.C.E

Near East Empires and the Reemergence of Civilization in Greece, 1000-500 B.C.E

The Greek Golden Age, C 500-C 400 B.C.E

From the Classical to the Hellenistic World, 400-30 B.C.E

The Rise of Rome and Its Republic, 753-44 B.C.E

The Creation of the Roman Empire, 44 B.C.E-284 C.E

The Transformation of the Roman Empire, 284-600 C.E

From Centralization to Fragmentation, 750-1050

Commercial Quickening and Religious Reform, 1050-1150

The Flowering of the Middle Ages, 1150-1215

The Medieval Synthesis and Its Cracks, 1215-1340

Crisis and Renaissance, 1340-1492

Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492-1560

Wars of Religion and the Clash of Worldviews, 1560-1648

Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and the Search for Order, 1640-1700

The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1700-1750

The Promise of Enlightenment, 1750-1789

The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789-1799

Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800-1830

Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830-1850

Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850-1870

Empire, Industry, and Everyday Life, 1870-1890

Modernity and the Road to War, 1890-1914

World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914-1929

The Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945

The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, 1945-1960s

Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960s-1989

A New Globalism, 1989 to the Present

Filters

According to this map, which of the following can be said about Islam by about 750?

Which of the following statements is justified by the map shown here?

What does this map of the Merovingian city of Tours c. 600 tell us about religious life of the region?