Question 1

Who was St. Martin? How does he typify the unofficial origins and roles of saints?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 2

What was one major departure from Roman life in Merovingian lands during the sixth and seventh centuries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slaves were used extensively, even on peasant-owned farms. 
B)  The Merovingian elites used Greek as their formal language. 
C)  Cities and trade had decayed drastically. 
D)  The spread of cereal cultivation replaced the Romans' enormous cattle herds. 
A)  Slaves were used extensively, even on peasant-owned farms. 
B)  The Merovingian elites used Greek as their formal language. 
C)  Cities and trade had decayed drastically. 
D)  The spread of cereal cultivation replaced the Romans' enormous cattle herds.

Question 3

As social life shifted away from decaying urban centers to small rural communities in the seventh and eighth centuries, emperors began to place greater emphasis on

Accepted Answer

A)  slavery, because they needed more slaves to till the fields. 
B)  religious ceremony; they minted special silver coins that were given to infants at their baptism. 
C)  family life; they restricted divorce and increased the punishment for adultery. 
D)  military information; they developed a vast spy network and improved mail delivery from remote outposts. 
A)  slavery, because they needed more slaves to till the fields. 
B)  religious ceremony; they minted special silver coins that were given to infants at their baptism. 
C)  family life; they restricted divorce and increased the punishment for adultery. 
D)  military information; they developed a vast spy network and improved mail delivery from remote outposts.

Question 4

Which of the following accurately describes Spain and Italy with regard to ecclesiastical authority?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bishops in Spain supported their kings, whereas in Italy the papacy was forever at odds with neighboring monarchs. 
B)  The Spanish bishops opposed their king, whom they blamed for the Muslim invasion, whereas the pope supported the Lombard king as a bulwark against Byzantine influence. 
C)  The Spanish were more receptive than the Italians to the teachings of the Catholic church and its emphasis on asceticism. 
D)  The papacy was characterized by a highly organized hierarchy, whereas the Spanish church was merely a loose collection of parishes. 
A)  Bishops in Spain supported their kings, whereas in Italy the papacy was forever at odds with neighboring monarchs. 
B)  The Spanish bishops opposed their king, whom they blamed for the Muslim invasion, whereas the pope supported the Lombard king as a bulwark against Byzantine influence. 
C)  The Spanish were more receptive than the Italians to the teachings of the Catholic church and its emphasis on asceticism. 
D)  The papacy was characterized by a highly organized hierarchy, whereas the Spanish church was merely a loose collection of parishes.

Question 5

Why did many Christians in the Middle East welcome the new Islamic overlords?

Accepted Answer

A)  They welcomed the more tolerant Islamic rule after the persecution waged by Byzantine rulers. 
B)  They appreciated the fact that the Islamic rulers were also monotheists. 
C)  The Islamic rulers were far less violent than the Vandal and Ostrogoth chieftains had been. 
D)  They welcomed the opportunity to convert the invading Muslims to Christianity. 
A)  They welcomed the more tolerant Islamic rule after the persecution waged by Byzantine rulers. 
B)  They appreciated the fact that the Islamic rulers were also monotheists. 
C)  The Islamic rulers were far less violent than the Vandal and Ostrogoth chieftains had been. 
D)  They welcomed the opportunity to convert the invading Muslims to Christianity.

Question 6

How did Boniface (680-754), who established churches in Germany and Gaul, demonstrate his loyalty to the church in Rome?

Accepted Answer

A)  By publicly proclaiming his support at meetings of the clergy in England 
B)  By changing his name from the Anglo-Saxon Wynfrith to the Latin Boniface 
C)  By insisting that German converts declare loyalty to Rome at their baptism 
D)  By wearing a monastic habit favored by the Roman church 
A)  By publicly proclaiming his support at meetings of the clergy in England 
B)  By changing his name from the Anglo-Saxon Wynfrith to the Latin Boniface 
C)  By insisting that German converts declare loyalty to Rome at their baptism 
D)  By wearing a monastic habit favored by the Roman church

Question 7

What is the Qur'an and what is its significance? According to the Qur'an, what is the fundamental unit of Muslim society? Who was responsible for establishing the Five Pillars of Islam? Explain the broader purpose of those pillars, and list four of the five pillars discussed in the text.

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 8

Why did the Byzantine Empire, an empire based in the east, see itself as the continuation of the old Roman Empire?

Accepted Answer

A)  It retained most of the territories held by the Roman Empire well into the ninth century. 
B)  It still relied on Latin as its primary language. 
C)  It maintained Roman laws and systems of taxation. 
D)  The two empires shared the same capital, Rome. 
A)  It retained most of the territories held by the Roman Empire well into the ninth century. 
B)  It still relied on Latin as its primary language. 
C)  It maintained Roman laws and systems of taxation. 
D)  The two empires shared the same capital, Rome.

Question 9

Why did Mecca have religious importance even before the rise of Islam?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Ka'ba shrine had been a sacred site of pilgrimage for generations. 
B)  Two of Jesus's apostles had founded a church there during their travels. 
C)  It was believed to be the birthplace of Abraham. 
D)  Zarathustra had retired to Mecca and died there. 
A)  The Ka'ba shrine had been a sacred site of pilgrimage for generations. 
B)  Two of Jesus's apostles had founded a church there during their travels. 
C)  It was believed to be the birthplace of Abraham. 
D)  Zarathustra had retired to Mecca and died there.

Question 10

What was the Byzantine emperor's role in the church? How did this contribute to Leo III's decision to adopt iconoclasm in the ninth century?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 11

During the medieval period, Christians showed special religious devotion to

Accepted Answer

A)  Merovingian queens. 
B)  angels. 
C)  rural shrines. 
D)  relics of saints. 
A)  Merovingian queens. 
B)  angels. 
C)  rural shrines. 
D)  relics of saints.

Question 12

What does the term Islam mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  Belief in one God 
B)  Members of the faith 
C)  Submission to God 
D)  Prophet of God 
A)  Belief in one God 
B)  Members of the faith 
C)  Submission to God 
D)  Prophet of God

Question 13

How did the reforms of Pope Gregory the Great in the late sixth century lay the foundations for the papacy's later spiritual and temporal ascendancy?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 14

What prompted the Hijra?

Accepted Answer

A)  Muhammad's hopes that the Christian inhabitants of Mecca would embrace his message 
B)  An assassination attempt on Muhammad plotted by Meccan leaders 
C)  The harassment of Muslims in Mecca 
D)  A shortage of food and water in Mecca 
A)  Muhammad's hopes that the Christian inhabitants of Mecca would embrace his message 
B)  An assassination attempt on Muhammad plotted by Meccan leaders 
C)  The harassment of Muslims in Mecca 
D)  A shortage of food and water in Mecca

Question 15

In the seventh and eighth centuries, war was a constant concern for Byzantine emperors, and it transformed their society. Explain what Byzantine rulers did to strengthen and reorganize society for war and defense. Assess the effect these measures had on Byzantine culture and society and the empire's relationship with western Europe.

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 16

Why had cities declined so much in size and importance by the seventh century in western Europe?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi

Question 17

Why did relations between Rome and the Byzantine Empire deteriorate so markedly in the late seventh and early eighth centuries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Constantinople was outraged by Roman support for the Merovingian kings. 
B)  The Roman pontiffs believed that the Byzantine emperors had not done enough to stem the invasions of the Arabs. 
C)  Doctrinal issues, including the thorny question of icons, began to divide eastern and western churches. 
D)  The Byzantine emperor had asserted his right to appoint and dismiss bishops and cardinals. 
A)  Constantinople was outraged by Roman support for the Merovingian kings. 
B)  The Roman pontiffs believed that the Byzantine emperors had not done enough to stem the invasions of the Arabs. 
C)  Doctrinal issues, including the thorny question of icons, began to divide eastern and western churches. 
D)  The Byzantine emperor had asserted his right to appoint and dismiss bishops and cardinals.

Question 18

Which of the following factors allowed Merovingian kings to increase their power?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alliances with aristocrats and churchmen 
B)  The support of local merchants who, in turn, paid taxes 
C)  The hereditary power to appoint the popes 
D)  The conquest of Muslim regions in Spain 
A)  Alliances with aristocrats and churchmen 
B)  The support of local merchants who, in turn, paid taxes 
C)  The hereditary power to appoint the popes 
D)  The conquest of Muslim regions in Spain

Question 19

Which of the following statements about Islam's expansion is justified by this map?
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Accepted Answer

A)  From the time of Muhammad through the Umayyad dynasty, Islam expanded. 
B)  The faith expanded to a greater territorial extent under Muhammad than under the Caliphs. 
C)  Islam never penetrated into Europe or into Africa and remained primarily an Arabian religion. 
D)  The expansion of Islam was carried out entirely peacefully. 
A)  From the time of Muhammad through the Umayyad dynasty, Islam expanded. 
B)  The faith expanded to a greater territorial extent under Muhammad than under the Caliphs. 
C)  Islam never penetrated into Europe or into Africa and remained primarily an Arabian religion. 
D)  The expansion of Islam was carried out entirely peacefully.

Question 20

The term caliph refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the community of believers. 
B)  Muhammad's triumphant return to Mecca. 
C)  Muhammad's successors as religious and spiritual leaders of Islam. 
D)  the Shi'ite rulers who oversaw the caliphate in Baghdad. 
A)  the community of believers. 
B)  Muhammad's triumphant return to Mecca. 
C)  Muhammad's successors as religious and spiritual leaders of Islam. 
D)  the Shi'ite rulers who oversaw the caliphate in Baghdad.

Exam 8: The Heirs of Rome: Islam, Byzantium, and Europe, 600-750

Who was St. Martin? How does he typify the unofficial origins and roles of saints?

What was one major departure from Roman life in Merovingian lands during the sixth and seventh centuries?

As social life shifted away from decaying urban centers to small rural communities in the seventh and eighth centuries, emperors began to place greater emphasis on

Which of the following accurately describes Spain and Italy with regard to ecclesiastical authority?

Why did many Christians in the Middle East welcome the new Islamic overlords?

How did Boniface (680-754), who established churches in Germany and Gaul, demonstrate his loyalty to the church in Rome?

What is the Qur'an and what is its significance? According to the Qur'an, what is the fundamental unit of Muslim society? Who was responsible for establishing the Five Pillars of Islam? Explain the broader purpose of those pillars, and list four of the five pillars discussed in the text.

Why did the Byzantine Empire, an empire based in the east, see itself as the continuation of the old Roman Empire?

Why did Mecca have religious importance even before the rise of Islam?

What was the Byzantine emperor's role in the church? How did this contribute to Leo III's decision to adopt iconoclasm in the ninth century?

During the medieval period, Christians showed special religious devotion to

What does the term Islam mean?

How did the reforms of Pope Gregory the Great in the late sixth century lay the foundations for the papacy's later spiritual and temporal ascendancy?

What prompted the Hijra?

Why had cities declined so much in size and importance by the seventh century in western Europe?

Why did relations between Rome and the Byzantine Empire deteriorate so markedly in the late seventh and early eighth centuries?

Which of the following factors allowed Merovingian kings to increase their power?

Which of the following statements about Islam's expansion is justified by this map? ​ ​

The term caliph refers to

Early Western Civilization, 400,000-1000 B.C.E

Near East Empires and the Reemergence of Civilization in Greece, 1000-500 B.C.E

The Greek Golden Age, C 500-C 400 B.C.E

From the Classical to the Hellenistic World, 400-30 B.C.E

The Rise of Rome and Its Republic, 753-44 B.C.E

The Creation of the Roman Empire, 44 B.C.E-284 C.E

The Transformation of the Roman Empire, 284-600 C.E

From Centralization to Fragmentation, 750-1050

Commercial Quickening and Religious Reform, 1050-1150

The Flowering of the Middle Ages, 1150-1215

The Medieval Synthesis and Its Cracks, 1215-1340

Crisis and Renaissance, 1340-1492

Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492-1560

Wars of Religion and the Clash of Worldviews, 1560-1648

Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and the Search for Order, 1640-1700

The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1700-1750

The Promise of Enlightenment, 1750-1789

The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789-1799

Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800-1830

Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830-1850

Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850-1870

Empire, Industry, and Everyday Life, 1870-1890

Modernity and the Road to War, 1890-1914

World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914-1929

The Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945

The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, 1945-1960s

Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960s-1989

A New Globalism, 1989 to the Present

Filters

Which of the following statements about Islam's expansion is justified by this map?