Question 1

Define the law of mass action and apply it to a real biochemical reaction.

Accepted Answer

For a given reaction of A + B ↔ C + D, t

Question 2

Refer to the figure shown.
  The diamonds refer to

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic divergence. 
B)  gene duplication. 
C)  mutations. 
D)  speciation. 
A)  genetic divergence. 
B)  gene duplication. 
C)  mutations. 
D)  speciation.

Question 3

The amount of substrate converted to product per unit of time is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  turnover number. 
B)  saturated speed. 
C)  Vmax. 
D)  reaction velocity. 
A)  turnover number. 
B)  saturated speed. 
C)  Vmax. 
D)  reaction velocity.

Question 4

How does venom permit a slow-moving predator to feed on prey capable of high-speed escape?

Accepted Answer

A)  Venom disrupts sensory systems such that the prey can no longer detect the predator. 
B)  Venom disrupts the ability of the prey to digest food and thus have the energy to escape. 
C)  Venom shuts down the ability of the prey to move very far. 
D)  Venom confuses the prey such that it may run back in the direction of the predator. 
A)  Venom disrupts sensory systems such that the prey can no longer detect the predator. 
B)  Venom disrupts the ability of the prey to digest food and thus have the energy to escape. 
C)  Venom shuts down the ability of the prey to move very far. 
D)  Venom confuses the prey such that it may run back in the direction of the predator.

Question 5

Provide a specific example of how a membrane protein can be categorized as more than one functional type.

Accepted Answer

There are five functional types of membr

Question 6

Compared to fish found in lower temperature habitats, fish that inhabit higher temperatures tend to have more

Accepted Answer

A)  saturated phospholipids in their brain synaptic membranes. 
B)  saturated phospholipids in their brain proteins. 
C)  unsaturated phospholipids in their brain synaptic membranes. 
D)  unsaturated phospholipids in their brain proteins. 
A)  saturated phospholipids in their brain synaptic membranes. 
B)  saturated phospholipids in their brain proteins. 
C)  unsaturated phospholipids in their brain synaptic membranes. 
D)  unsaturated phospholipids in their brain proteins.

Question 7

How can amino acids in a protein be any closer to one another than their spaced positions in the linear string?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many amino acids break their covalent bonds in the linear arrangement and form closer ionic bonding arrangements. 
B)  Amino acids in their linear primary structure are constantly breaking and reforming their covalent bonds. When they are not in a bonding arrangement, they can be closer to adjacent amino acids temporarily. 
C)  As amino acid chains fold into their tertiary structure, this commonly brings some amino acids closer together than their linear spaced positions. 
D)  Amino acids only form covalent bonds with one another and do not associate with one another at a distance closer than the covalent bond. 
A)  Many amino acids break their covalent bonds in the linear arrangement and form closer ionic bonding arrangements. 
B)  Amino acids in their linear primary structure are constantly breaking and reforming their covalent bonds. When they are not in a bonding arrangement, they can be closer to adjacent amino acids temporarily. 
C)  As amino acid chains fold into their tertiary structure, this commonly brings some amino acids closer together than their linear spaced positions. 
D)  Amino acids only form covalent bonds with one another and do not associate with one another at a distance closer than the covalent bond.

Question 8

Compare and contrast the factors affecting the rate of an enzymatic reaction in a substrate that is subsaturated and one that is saturated or at Vmax.

Accepted Answer

Both reaction velocities at V_max and in rea

Question 9

Which of the following is considered a communicating junction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gap junction 
B)  Tight junction 
C)  Septate junction 
D)  Desmosome 
A)  Gap junction 
B)  Tight junction 
C)  Septate junction 
D)  Desmosome

Question 10

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which of the following represent the best labels for the x axis and the y axis in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  x = Substrate concentration; y = Reaction velocity 
B)  x = Enzyme concentration; y = Reaction velocity 
C)  x = Time; y = Substrate concentration 
D)  x = Time; y = Enzyme‒substrate conversion rate 
A)  x = Substrate concentration; y = Reaction velocity 
B)  x = Enzyme concentration; y = Reaction velocity 
C)  x = Time; y = Substrate concentration 
D)  x = Time; y = Enzyme‒substrate conversion rate

Question 11

The process of absorbing preexisting light and re-emitting it at longer wavelengths is called

Accepted Answer

A)  bioluminescence. 
B)  reflection. 
C)  chromatophoration. 
D)  fluorescence. 
A)  bioluminescence. 
B)  reflection. 
C)  chromatophoration. 
D)  fluorescence.

Question 12

Which reaction is catalyzed by LDH?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pyruvic acid + NADH2 → lactic acid + NAD 
B)  Pyruvic acid + NAD → pyruvic acid + NADH2 
C)  Pyruvic acid + NAD → lactic acid + NADH2 
D)  Lactic acid + NADH2 → pyruvic acid + NAD 
A)  Pyruvic acid + NADH2 → lactic acid + NAD 
B)  Pyruvic acid + NAD → pyruvic acid + NADH2 
C)  Pyruvic acid + NAD → lactic acid + NADH2 
D)  Lactic acid + NADH2 → pyruvic acid + NAD

Question 13

Refer to the figure shown.
  According to the figure, a high number of products from the Kreb's cycle could act as _______ and result in _______ of the overall reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  covalent modulators; inhibition 
B)  covalent modulators; acceleration 
C)  allosteric modulators; inhibition 
D)  allosteric modulators; acceleration 
A)  covalent modulators; inhibition 
B)  covalent modulators; acceleration 
C)  allosteric modulators; inhibition 
D)  allosteric modulators; acceleration

Question 14

The ability of animals to change color in seconds or minutes depends on the function of

Accepted Answer

A)  photocytes. 
B)  chromatophores. 
C)  photoproteins. 
D)  luciferin. 
A)  photocytes. 
B)  chromatophores. 
C)  photoproteins. 
D)  luciferin.

Question 15

Receptor proteins can bring about all of the following cellular actions except

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcing the structure of the membrane. 
B)  opening a protein channel on the membrane. 
C)  activating an enzyme on the intracellular surface. 
D)  combining with a ligand to initiate transcription. 
A)  reinforcing the structure of the membrane. 
B)  opening a protein channel on the membrane. 
C)  activating an enzyme on the intracellular surface. 
D)  combining with a ligand to initiate transcription.

Question 16

Refer to the figure shown.
  The figure shows the

Accepted Answer

A)  frequency distribution of two predators on killifish. 
B)  frequency distribution of two different alleles of the gene for LDH. 
C)  frequency distribution of two main diets of killifish. 
D)  temperature tolerance of two subtypes of killifish. 
A)  frequency distribution of two predators on killifish. 
B)  frequency distribution of two different alleles of the gene for LDH. 
C)  frequency distribution of two main diets of killifish. 
D)  temperature tolerance of two subtypes of killifish.

Question 17

Steroid hormones bind to _______ and ultimately cause _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  specific intracellular membrane proteins; the opening of ion channels 
B)  specific intracellular receptor proteins; gene expression 
C)  specific extracellular receptor proteins; the opening of ion channels 
D)  specific extracellular membrane proteins; gene expression 
A)  specific intracellular membrane proteins; the opening of ion channels 
B)  specific intracellular receptor proteins; gene expression 
C)  specific extracellular receptor proteins; the opening of ion channels 
D)  specific extracellular membrane proteins; gene expression

Question 18

_______ is(are) the specific set of processes by which complex chemical compounds are broken down to release energy, create smaller chemical building blocks, or prepare chemical constituents for elimination.

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolism 
B)  Catabolism 
C)  Anabolism 
D)  Biochemical reactions 
A)  Metabolism 
B)  Catabolism 
C)  Anabolism 
D)  Biochemical reactions

Question 19

The likelihood that an enzyme will form a complex with the substrate during a collision is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  catalytic effectiveness. 
B)  activation energy. 
C)  enzyme‒substrate affinity. 
D)  transition state. 
A)  catalytic effectiveness. 
B)  activation energy. 
C)  enzyme‒substrate affinity. 
D)  transition state.

Question 20

The α-conotoxin injected into fish by the cone snail binds to and therefore blocks receptor sites on the muscle membrane. This prevents a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  enzyme from being activated. 
B)  G protein from being activated. 
C)  channel from opening into the nucleus. 
D)  channel from opening. 
A)  enzyme from being activated. 
B)  G protein from being activated. 
C)  channel from opening into the nucleus. 
D)  channel from opening.

Exam 2: Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Define the law of mass action and apply it to a real biochemical reaction.

Refer to the figure shown. The diamonds refer to

The amount of substrate converted to product per unit of time is called the

How does venom permit a slow-moving predator to feed on prey capable of high-speed escape?

Provide a specific example of how a membrane protein can be categorized as more than one functional type.

Compared to fish found in lower temperature habitats, fish that inhabit higher temperatures tend to have more

How can amino acids in a protein be any closer to one another than their spaced positions in the linear string?

Compare and contrast the factors affecting the rate of an enzymatic reaction in a substrate that is subsaturated and one that is saturated or at Vmax.

Which of the following is considered a communicating junction?

Refer to the figure shown. Which of the following represent the best labels for the x axis and the y axis in the figure?

The process of absorbing preexisting light and re-emitting it at longer wavelengths is called

Which reaction is catalyzed by LDH?

Refer to the figure shown. According to the figure, a high number of products from the Kreb's cycle could act as _______ and result in _______ of the overall reaction.

The ability of animals to change color in seconds or minutes depends on the function of

Receptor proteins can bring about all of the following cellular actions except

Refer to the figure shown. The figure shows the

Steroid hormones bind to _______ and ultimately cause _______.

_______ is(are) the specific set of processes by which complex chemical compounds are broken down to release energy, create smaller chemical building blocks, or prepare chemical constituents for elimination.

The likelihood that an enzyme will form a complex with the substrate during a collision is called the

The α-conotoxin injected into fish by the cone snail binds to and therefore blocks receptor sites on the muscle membrane. This prevents a(n)

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters

Compare and contrast the factors affecting the rate of an enzymatic reaction in a substrate that is subsaturated and one that is saturated or at V_max.

Refer to the figure shown. According to the figure, a high number of products from the Kreb's cycle could act as _ and result in _ of the overall reaction.

Steroid hormones bind to _ and ultimately cause _.