Question 1

Refer to the figure shown.
  What is the best label for the y axis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Food amount eaten (mg) 
B)  Metabolic rate (J/mg/h) 
C)  Activity (Watts/h) 
D)  Percent protein or lipid 
A)  Food amount eaten (mg) 
B)  Metabolic rate (J/mg/h) 
C)  Activity (Watts/h) 
D)  Percent protein or lipid

Question 2

In terms of essential nutritional requirements for particular molecules, the most exacting requirements are for _______ and the least exacting are for _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins; carbohydrates 
B)  proteins; lipids 
C)  carbohydrates; lipids 
D)  carbohydrates; proteins 
A)  proteins; carbohydrates 
B)  proteins; lipids 
C)  carbohydrates; lipids 
D)  carbohydrates; proteins

Question 3

Refer to the figure shown.
  What process is being shown by the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fatty acid absorption 
B)  Fatty acid metabolism 
C)  Bile synthesis 
D)  Glycerol cycling 
A)  Fatty acid absorption 
B)  Fatty acid metabolism 
C)  Bile synthesis 
D)  Glycerol cycling

Question 4

A newborn is having problems with excessive bleeding following a very minor injury. It is therefore suspected that vitamin _______ was inadequate following birth.

Accepted Answer

A)  B12 
B)  D 
C)  E 
D)  K 
A)  B12 
B)  D 
C)  E 
D)  K

Question 5

Suppose you discover the fossilized gill arches from a previously unknown species of fish. The gill arches have long, closely packed gill rakers. This fish most likely obtained its energy from

Accepted Answer

A)  eating aquatic plants. 
B)  eating large molluscs. 
C)  autotrophy. 
D)  suspension feeding. 
A)  eating aquatic plants. 
B)  eating large molluscs. 
C)  autotrophy. 
D)  suspension feeding.

Question 6

Nutritionally, the consumption of feces (coprophagy) makes more sense for hindgut fermenters than foregut fermenters. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nutrients produced by microbes in the hindgut are not absorbed; therefore, coprophagy enables hindgut fermenters to absorb nutrients produced by microbes. 
B)  Microbial symbionts are not activated to produce nutrients unless they have passed through the digestive system at least twice. 
C)  Microbial symbionts are rarely excreted; therefore, coprophagy enables hindgut fermenters to increase the population of beneficial microbes. 
D)  The microenvironment in the hindgut is more favorable to microbes compared to the foregut. 
A)  Nutrients produced by microbes in the hindgut are not absorbed; therefore, coprophagy enables hindgut fermenters to absorb nutrients produced by microbes. 
B)  Microbial symbionts are not activated to produce nutrients unless they have passed through the digestive system at least twice. 
C)  Microbial symbionts are rarely excreted; therefore, coprophagy enables hindgut fermenters to increase the population of beneficial microbes. 
D)  The microenvironment in the hindgut is more favorable to microbes compared to the foregut.

Question 7

Which factor is not required for a food to have nutritional value.

Accepted Answer

A)  Food must be ingestible. 
B)  Food must be digestible. 
C)  Food must have an essential component to it. 
D)  Food must be absorbable. 
A)  Food must be ingestible. 
B)  Food must be digestible. 
C)  Food must have an essential component to it. 
D)  Food must be absorbable.

Question 8

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which label most accurately points to lipoproteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 9

In crustaceans, the hepatopancreas performs functions very similar to those of the _______ in vertebrates.

Accepted Answer

A)  liver 
B)  pancreas 
C)  liver and pancreas 
D)  stomach 
A)  liver 
B)  pancreas 
C)  liver and pancreas 
D)  stomach

Question 10

Refer to the figure shown.
  According to the graph, spiders that fed most on protein-rich flies during the 24-hour period before testing

Accepted Answer

A)  were more active compared to those fed lipid-rich flies. 
B)  preferred lipid-rich flies over the next 72 h. 
C)  had a body composition higher in protein compared to fat. 
D)  had the highest metabolic rate. 
A)  were more active compared to those fed lipid-rich flies. 
B)  preferred lipid-rich flies over the next 72 h. 
C)  had a body composition higher in protein compared to fat. 
D)  had the highest metabolic rate.

Question 11

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are essential fatty acids. Can eating saturated fatty acids supply these essential nutritional needs? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids cannot s

Question 12

You discover a fossil of an organism that came from a deep marine environment. The fossil has no mouth or gastrointestinal tract, and your colleague thinks that it cannot be that of an animal. Is your colleague correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, because all animals have mouths. 
B)  Yes, because all animals have gastrointestinal tracts. 
C)  Yes, because all animals have both mouths and gastrointestinal tracts. 
D)  No, because some animals lack both mouths and gastrointestinal tracts. 
A)  Yes, because all animals have mouths. 
B)  Yes, because all animals have gastrointestinal tracts. 
C)  Yes, because all animals have both mouths and gastrointestinal tracts. 
D)  No, because some animals lack both mouths and gastrointestinal tracts.

Question 13

The reactor model that is most analogous to the rumen of a cow is the _______; the model that is most analogous to the intestine of a cow is the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous-flow reactor with mixing; continuous-flow reactor without mixing 
B)  continuous-flow reactor without mixing; continuous-flow reactor with mixing 
C)  batch reactor; continuous-flow reactor with mixing 
D)  continuous-flow reactor without mixing; batch reactor 
A)  continuous-flow reactor with mixing; continuous-flow reactor without mixing 
B)  continuous-flow reactor without mixing; continuous-flow reactor with mixing 
C)  batch reactor; continuous-flow reactor with mixing 
D)  continuous-flow reactor without mixing; batch reactor

Question 14

Refer to the figure shown.
  In which area(s) is secondary active transport occurring?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  I and III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  I and III 
D)  IV

Question 15

Cellulose is one of the most abundant organic molecules in the biosphere, but most animals lack the enzymes needed to break it down. Nevertheless, some animals have and can digest a diet high in cellulose because

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose provides essential fatty acids. 
B)  their microbial symbionts break it down, allowing them to obtain energy from cellulose indirectly. 
C)  cellulose is a required nutrient for microbial symbionts. 
D)  the only food supply available to them contains large amounts of cellulose. 
A)  cellulose provides essential fatty acids. 
B)  their microbial symbionts break it down, allowing them to obtain energy from cellulose indirectly. 
C)  cellulose is a required nutrient for microbial symbionts. 
D)  the only food supply available to them contains large amounts of cellulose.

Question 16

Which substance is associated with extracellular digestion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intraluminal enzymes 
B)  Membrane-associated enzymes 
C)  Intracellular enzymes 
D)  Intraluminal enzymes and membrane-associated enzymes 
A)  Intraluminal enzymes 
B)  Membrane-associated enzymes 
C)  Intracellular enzymes 
D)  Intraluminal enzymes and membrane-associated enzymes

Question 17

One of the weird side effects of a drug you are taking is reduced gut segmentation. How might this manifest itself as a symptom?

Accepted Answer

A)  Food you eat takes longer to go through your intestinal tract. 
B)  Food has trouble exiting the stomach 
C)  Food exiting your intestinal tract is less fully broken down. 
D)  You have trouble swallowing food. 
A)  Food you eat takes longer to go through your intestinal tract. 
B)  Food has trouble exiting the stomach 
C)  Food exiting your intestinal tract is less fully broken down. 
D)  You have trouble swallowing food.

Question 18

The microbes that live in the guts of animals are collectively known as the gut

Accepted Answer

A)  microhome. 
B)  microbiome. 
C)  lumen. 
D)  culture. 
A)  microhome. 
B)  microbiome. 
C)  lumen. 
D)  culture.

Question 19

The posterior "pyloric" stomach chamber of a crustacean often has a lining of bristlelike setae. Collectively, these setae share a functional similarity with the omasum of ruminants, in that both

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent larger food particles from passing down the digestive tract. 
B)  participate in the mechanical grinding of food. 
C)  participate in the storing of food. 
D)  are the primary site of nutrient absorption. 
A)  prevent larger food particles from passing down the digestive tract. 
B)  participate in the mechanical grinding of food. 
C)  participate in the storing of food. 
D)  are the primary site of nutrient absorption.

Question 20

In vertebrates, the principal site of digestion of carbohydrates and lipids is the

Accepted Answer

A)  headgut. 
B)  foregut. 
C)  midgut. 
D)  hindgut. 
A)  headgut. 
B)  foregut. 
C)  midgut. 
D)  hindgut.

Exam 6: Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Refer to the figure shown. What is the best label for the y axis?

In terms of essential nutritional requirements for particular molecules, the most exacting requirements are for _______ and the least exacting are for _______.

Refer to the figure shown. What process is being shown by the figure?

A newborn is having problems with excessive bleeding following a very minor injury. It is therefore suspected that vitamin _______ was inadequate following birth.

Suppose you discover the fossilized gill arches from a previously unknown species of fish. The gill arches have long, closely packed gill rakers. This fish most likely obtained its energy from

Nutritionally, the consumption of feces (coprophagy) makes more sense for hindgut fermenters than foregut fermenters. Why?

Which factor is not required for a food to have nutritional value.

Refer to the figure shown. Which label most accurately points to lipoproteins?

In crustaceans, the hepatopancreas performs functions very similar to those of the _______ in vertebrates.

Refer to the figure shown. According to the graph, spiders that fed most on protein-rich flies during the 24-hour period before testing

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are essential fatty acids. Can eating saturated fatty acids supply these essential nutritional needs? Explain.

You discover a fossil of an organism that came from a deep marine environment. The fossil has no mouth or gastrointestinal tract, and your colleague thinks that it cannot be that of an animal. Is your colleague correct?

The reactor model that is most analogous to the rumen of a cow is the _______; the model that is most analogous to the intestine of a cow is the _______.

Refer to the figure shown. In which area(s) is secondary active transport occurring?

Cellulose is one of the most abundant organic molecules in the biosphere, but most animals lack the enzymes needed to break it down. Nevertheless, some animals have and can digest a diet high in cellulose because

Which substance is associated with extracellular digestion?

One of the weird side effects of a drug you are taking is reduced gut segmentation. How might this manifest itself as a symptom?

The microbes that live in the guts of animals are collectively known as the gut

The posterior "pyloric" stomach chamber of a crustacean often has a lining of bristlelike setae. Collectively, these setae share a functional similarity with the omasum of ruminants, in that both

In vertebrates, the principal site of digestion of carbohydrates and lipids is the

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters

In terms of essential nutritional requirements for particular molecules, the most exacting requirements are for _ and the least exacting are for _.

The reactor model that is most analogous to the rumen of a cow is the _; the model that is most analogous to the intestine of a cow is the _.