Question 1

What response to the ingestion of food is shared by Burmese pythons and molluscs such as oysters, muscles, and clams?

Accepted Answer

The molluscs rapidly synthesize new cell

Question 2

In some ways, short-chain fatty acids share similarities with monosaccharides and amino acids. In other ways, they resemble long-chain fatty acids. What characteristic of short-chain fatty acids accounts for these resemblances?

Accepted Answer

The relevant characteristic is

Question 3

The entry of molecules into the living tissues of an animal from outside the living tissues of an animal is called

Accepted Answer

A)  targeted entry. 
B)  absorption. 
C)  intracellular digestion. 
D)  extracellular digestion. 
A)  targeted entry. 
B)  absorption. 
C)  intracellular digestion. 
D)  extracellular digestion.

Question 4

In children, there are nine essential amino acids but in adults there are only eight. What accounts for this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adults can synthesize enough of one amino acid that children cannot. 
B)  Children store one essential amino acid that they later use as adults. 
C)  Adults lose the ability to synthesize one amino acid that children can synthesize. 
D)  Adults have an amino acid transporter that children lack. 
A)  Adults can synthesize enough of one amino acid that children cannot. 
B)  Children store one essential amino acid that they later use as adults. 
C)  Adults lose the ability to synthesize one amino acid that children can synthesize. 
D)  Adults have an amino acid transporter that children lack.

Question 5

In the study by Mayntz et al., wolf spiders were fed either a protein-rich or lipid-rich diet of fruit flies (Drosophila) and then tested for their preference by being presented with each diet in sequence. Which statement about the results of the study is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  All spiders preferred protein because protein is both uniquely important and uniquely tenuous in animal nutrition (i.e., it is "foremost"). 
B)  All spiders preferred lipid because it has the most energy per gram. 
C)  Spiders on the protein-rich diet ate flies rich in protein and spiders on the lipid-rich diet ate flies rich in lipid. 
D)  Spiders on the protein-rich diet ate flies rich in lipid and spiders on the lipid-rich diet ate flies rich in protein. 
A)  All spiders preferred protein because protein is both uniquely important and uniquely tenuous in animal nutrition (i.e., it is "foremost"). 
B)  All spiders preferred lipid because it has the most energy per gram. 
C)  Spiders on the protein-rich diet ate flies rich in protein and spiders on the lipid-rich diet ate flies rich in lipid. 
D)  Spiders on the protein-rich diet ate flies rich in lipid and spiders on the lipid-rich diet ate flies rich in protein.

Question 6

Mineral deficiencies are a major problem in some impoverished regions of the world. Ultimately, mineral deficiencies result from

Accepted Answer

A)  soils with insufficient mineral availability. 
B)  diets low in lipids. 
C)  lactose intolerance. 
D)  diets with insufficient protein. 
A)  soils with insufficient mineral availability. 
B)  diets low in lipids. 
C)  lactose intolerance. 
D)  diets with insufficient protein.

Question 7

Why do animals need to eat?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individual molecules deteriorate. 
B)  Chemical-bond energy used in metabolism can be reused. 
C)  Animals are physiologically static systems. 
D)  Cells become damaged and need to be replaced. 
A)  Individual molecules deteriorate. 
B)  Chemical-bond energy used in metabolism can be reused. 
C)  Animals are physiologically static systems. 
D)  Cells become damaged and need to be replaced.

Question 8

Many "megachiropteran" bats feed on fruit, and many "microchiropteran" bats feed on insects. If you capture a number of bats from each of these groups and feed them all fruit because you are unable to find insects to feed them, what is most likely to occur (provided the other aspects of their captivity are low in stress)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both groups will do equally well if there are a wide variety of fruits available. 
B)  The microchirpteran group is likely to lag briefly because of a general lack of gut enzymes and transporters for fruit sugars but will adapt to fruits within days. 
C)  The microchirpteran group is likely to do very poorly because of a general lack of gut enzymes and transporters for fruit sugars. 
D)  The megachirpteran group is likely to do very poorly because of a general lack of gut enzymes and transporters for fruit sugars. 
A)  Both groups will do equally well if there are a wide variety of fruits available. 
B)  The microchirpteran group is likely to lag briefly because of a general lack of gut enzymes and transporters for fruit sugars but will adapt to fruits within days. 
C)  The microchirpteran group is likely to do very poorly because of a general lack of gut enzymes and transporters for fruit sugars. 
D)  The megachirpteran group is likely to do very poorly because of a general lack of gut enzymes and transporters for fruit sugars.

Question 9

Lipids are important for all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  reducing the permeability of the integument to water. 
B)  storing water. 
C)  forming cellular membranes. 
D)  serving as hormones (for example, steroid lipids). 
A)  reducing the permeability of the integument to water. 
B)  storing water. 
C)  forming cellular membranes. 
D)  serving as hormones (for example, steroid lipids).

Question 10

Which statement best describes blue whale feeding?

Accepted Answer

A)  A blue whale sucks in water containing krill across the baleen arrays. The krill caught in the baleen is then swallowed. 
B)  A blue whale takes in a huge volume of water containing krill and forces the water out laterally through baleen arrays. The krill are left behind in the mouth and swallowed. 
C)  A blue whale takes in a large volume of water containing krill, which is swallowed. 
D)  A blue whale takes in small amounts of water containing krill and pushes it across the baleen plates. When enough krill collects in the baleen, it is then all swallowed in one gulp. 
A)  A blue whale sucks in water containing krill across the baleen arrays. The krill caught in the baleen is then swallowed. 
B)  A blue whale takes in a huge volume of water containing krill and forces the water out laterally through baleen arrays. The krill are left behind in the mouth and swallowed. 
C)  A blue whale takes in a large volume of water containing krill, which is swallowed. 
D)  A blue whale takes in small amounts of water containing krill and pushes it across the baleen plates. When enough krill collects in the baleen, it is then all swallowed in one gulp.

Question 11

Which substance has stimulatory effects on acid-secreting cells, pepsinogen-secreting cells, and muscle motility in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secretin 
B)  Cholecystokinin 
C)  Gastrin 
D)  Gastric inhibitory polypeptide 
A)  Secretin 
B)  Cholecystokinin 
C)  Gastrin 
D)  Gastric inhibitory polypeptide

Question 12

Which substance(s) is(are) secreted in one part of the digestive tract and then reabsorbed downstream?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bile salts and sodium 
B)  Proenzymes 
C)  Exopeptidases 
D)  Zymogens 
A)  Bile salts and sodium 
B)  Proenzymes 
C)  Exopeptidases 
D)  Zymogens

Question 13

Which animal is not a suspension feeder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blue whale 
B)  Whale shark 
C)  Snail 
D)  Crabeater seal 
A)  Blue whale 
B)  Whale shark 
C)  Snail 
D)  Crabeater seal

Question 14

Many bats and rodents feed on insects, but humans and rabbits generally do not. These dietary habits suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)  humans and rabbits are strict herbivores. 
B)  many bats and rodents produce cellulase and chitinase enzymes, but humans and rabbits do not. 
C)  many bats and rodents produce cellulase enzymes, but humans and rabbits do not. 
D)  many bats and rodents produce chitinase enzymes, but humans and rabbits do not. 
A)  humans and rabbits are strict herbivores. 
B)  many bats and rodents produce cellulase and chitinase enzymes, but humans and rabbits do not. 
C)  many bats and rodents produce cellulase enzymes, but humans and rabbits do not. 
D)  many bats and rodents produce chitinase enzymes, but humans and rabbits do not.

Question 15

Ruminants obtain energy from cellulose by

Accepted Answer

A)  absorbing short-chain fatty acids produced by microbes and digesting microbes that break down the cellulose. 
B)  absorbing proteins produced by microbes and digesting microbes that break down the cellulose. 
C)  absorbing both short-chain fatty acids and nonessential amino acids produced by microbes. 
D)  absorbing both essential and nonessential amino acids produced by microbes. 
A)  absorbing short-chain fatty acids produced by microbes and digesting microbes that break down the cellulose. 
B)  absorbing proteins produced by microbes and digesting microbes that break down the cellulose. 
C)  absorbing both short-chain fatty acids and nonessential amino acids produced by microbes. 
D)  absorbing both essential and nonessential amino acids produced by microbes.

Question 16

The sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of hydrothermal vent communities are

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic and heterotrophic. 
B)  aerobic and heterotrophic. 
C)  anaerobic and chemoautotrophic. 
D)  aerobic and chemoautotrophic. 
A)  anaerobic and heterotrophic. 
B)  aerobic and heterotrophic. 
C)  anaerobic and chemoautotrophic. 
D)  aerobic and chemoautotrophic.

Question 17

Suppose that large nonavian dinosaurs still roamed the earth. If the lowest level of the food chains started with the same amount of energy, dinosaurs at the top of the food chain would receive the most amount of energy from a _______ food chain.

Accepted Answer

A)  three-level 
B)  four-level 
C)  five-level 
D)  six-level 
A)  three-level 
B)  four-level 
C)  five-level 
D)  six-level

Question 18

Running is an energetically costly activity. If mice that normally run 4 km a day are forced to run 10 km a day, what might happen to their digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

The length of their

Question 19

Urea is highly soluble in water and readily diffuses across cells, but uric acid is relatively insoluble in water and does not readily diffuse across cell membranes. If ruminants excreted their nitrogenous wastes as uric acid, how might that affect the benefits that symbiotic microbes provide to them?

Accepted Answer

It might affect the ability to

Question 20

In humans and many other vertebrates, the midgut contains minute fingerlike projections called _______ that increase the surface area of the gut epithelium.

Accepted Answer

A)  villi 
B)  goblet cells 
C)  crypts 
D)  enterocytes 
A)  villi 
B)  goblet cells 
C)  crypts 
D)  enterocytes

Exam 6: Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

What response to the ingestion of food is shared by Burmese pythons and molluscs such as oysters, muscles, and clams?

In some ways, short-chain fatty acids share similarities with monosaccharides and amino acids. In other ways, they resemble long-chain fatty acids. What characteristic of short-chain fatty acids accounts for these resemblances?

The entry of molecules into the living tissues of an animal from outside the living tissues of an animal is called

In children, there are nine essential amino acids but in adults there are only eight. What accounts for this?

In the study by Mayntz et al., wolf spiders were fed either a protein-rich or lipid-rich diet of fruit flies (Drosophila) and then tested for their preference by being presented with each diet in sequence. Which statement about the results of the study is true?

Mineral deficiencies are a major problem in some impoverished regions of the world. Ultimately, mineral deficiencies result from

Why do animals need to eat?

Lipids are important for all of the following except

Which statement best describes blue whale feeding?

Which substance has stimulatory effects on acid-secreting cells, pepsinogen-secreting cells, and muscle motility in the stomach?

Which substance(s) is(are) secreted in one part of the digestive tract and then reabsorbed downstream?

Which animal is not a suspension feeder?

Many bats and rodents feed on insects, but humans and rabbits generally do not. These dietary habits suggest that

Ruminants obtain energy from cellulose by

The sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of hydrothermal vent communities are

Suppose that large nonavian dinosaurs still roamed the earth. If the lowest level of the food chains started with the same amount of energy, dinosaurs at the top of the food chain would receive the most amount of energy from a _______ food chain.

Running is an energetically costly activity. If mice that normally run 4 km a day are forced to run 10 km a day, what might happen to their digestive tract?

In humans and many other vertebrates, the midgut contains minute fingerlike projections called _______ that increase the surface area of the gut epithelium.

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

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