Question 1

"High-grade" energy refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical and mechanical energy. 
B)  chemical, electrical, and mechanical energy. 
C)  chemical, electrical, and mechanical energy + heat. 
D)  electrical and mechanical energy plus heat. 
A)  chemical and mechanical energy. 
B)  chemical, electrical, and mechanical energy. 
C)  chemical, electrical, and mechanical energy + heat. 
D)  electrical and mechanical energy plus heat.

Question 2

Suppose you breed and market fish sold for food and your greatest expense is the cost of the food. Why would it make sense to harvest animals either as soon as they reach adult size or before?

Accepted Answer

Growth eff

Question 3

Do microorganisms produce heat?

Accepted Answer

Yes; like all animals, microor

Question 4

The specific dynamic action (SDA) for an animal is measured in an animal that consumes 100 g of carbohydrate. The measurement is repeated a few days later, after the animal has been fed 200 g of protein. How will the magnitude of the second SDA compare with the first SDA measurement?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will be about the same. 
B)  It will be about twice as much. 
C)  It will be more than twice as much. 
D)  It is not possible to estimate without the RQ. 
A)  It will be about the same. 
B)  It will be about twice as much. 
C)  It will be more than twice as much. 
D)  It is not possible to estimate without the RQ.

Question 5

Suppose an animal is oxidizing food according to the following reaction:
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 2820 kJ/mol. What is the respiratory quotient?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  6 
C)  18 
D)  2820 
A)  1 
B)  6 
C)  18 
D)  2820

Question 6

The term "weight-specific metabolic rate" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  whole-animal metabolic rate at a specific body weight. 
B)  whole-animal metabolic rate divided by body weight. 
C)  the change in metabolic rate with body weight. 
D)  whole-animal metabolic rate multiplied by mass. 
A)  whole-animal metabolic rate at a specific body weight. 
B)  whole-animal metabolic rate divided by body weight. 
C)  the change in metabolic rate with body weight. 
D)  whole-animal metabolic rate multiplied by mass.

Question 7

Suppose an animal has been deprived of food so long that it is in a postabsorptive state and its physiology is abnormal. Which measure would provide physiologically valid results?

Accepted Answer

A)  BMR 
B)  SMR 
C)  SDA 
D)  Rate of heat production 
A)  BMR 
B)  SMR 
C)  SDA 
D)  Rate of heat production

Question 8

Humans can digest and absorb approximately _______% of their energy in cellulose.

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  25 
C)  50 
D)  75 
A)  0 
B)  25 
C)  50 
D)  75

Question 9

In order to measure the maximal aerobic metabolic rate of an animal, researchers commonly induce it by exercise. In vertebrates, a useful rule of thumb is that the maximal aerobic metabolic rate is about _______ times the resting metabolic rate.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  10 
D)  50 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  10 
D)  50

Question 10

A direct calorimeter measures the rate of

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen consumption. 
B)  carbon dioxide production. 
C)  heat production. 
D)  oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. 
A)  oxygen consumption. 
B)  carbon dioxide production. 
C)  heat production. 
D)  oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production.

Question 11

The statement "If an isolated system undergoes internal change, the direction of change is always toward greater disorder" is a description of

Accepted Answer

A)  energy metabolism. 
B)  molecular kinetic energy. 
C)  physiological work. 
D)  the second law of thermodynamics. 
A)  energy metabolism. 
B)  molecular kinetic energy. 
C)  physiological work. 
D)  the second law of thermodynamics.

Question 12

In most animals, the largest contributions to SDA occur

Accepted Answer

A)  during chewing. 
B)  during digestion. 
C)  during absorption. 
D)  after absorption. 
A)  during chewing. 
B)  during digestion. 
C)  during absorption. 
D)  after absorption.

Question 13

Small mammals need more O2 per gram of body weight than large mammals do. Compared to large mammals, small mammals have _______ lungs and breathe _______ times per minute.

Accepted Answer

A)  bigger; more 
B)  smaller; more 
C)  similar-sized; more 
D)  smaller; fewer 
A)  bigger; more 
B)  smaller; more 
C)  similar-sized; more 
D)  smaller; fewer

Question 14

Which factor exerts a particularly large effect on metabolic rates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Environmental O2 level 
B)  Time of day 
C)  Age 
D)  Environmental temperature 
A)  Environmental O2 level 
B)  Time of day 
C)  Age 
D)  Environmental temperature

Question 15

Which type of energy cannot be used by animals to do physiological work?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemical energy 
B)  Electrical energy 
C)  Heat (molecular kinetic energy) 
D)  Mechanical energy 
A)  Chemical energy 
B)  Electrical energy 
C)  Heat (molecular kinetic energy) 
D)  Mechanical energy

Question 16

Suppose an animal is oxidizing food according to the following reaction:
C16H32O2 + 23 O2 SYMBOL 174 \f "Symbol" 16 CO2 + 6 H2O + 10,042 kJ/mol. What is the respiratory quotient?

Accepted Answer

A)  23/16 
B)  16/23 
C)  10,042/23 
D)  10,042/16 
A)  23/16 
B)  16/23 
C)  10,042/23 
D)  10,042/16

Question 17

Why is thinking hard not an effective way to lose weight?

Accepted Answer

The increase in metabolic rate

Question 18

Suppose that the body‒surface area of mammals was proportional to weight5/6. Following the other lines of reasoning associated with Rubner's surface "law," what would be the predicted relationship between metabolic rate and weight?

Accepted Answer

A)  M = aW0.5 
B)  M = aW2/3 
C)  M = aW5/6 
D)  M = aW(2/3*5/6) = aW(5/9) 
A)  M = aW0.5 
B)  M = aW2/3 
C)  M = aW5/6 
D)  M = aW(2/3*5/6) = aW(5/9)

Question 19

During the reenactment of the Peary Arctic expedition, a dog sled team was loaded with supplies. What is the most important question to answer in order to calculate the weight of the most significant part of the supply mass?

Accepted Answer

A)  What is the basal metabolic rate of the humans? 
B)  What is the basal metabolic rate of the dogs? 
C)  What is metabolic rate of the dogs pulling a sled at cruising speed? 
D)  What is the maximum speed a sledding dog can run? 
A)  What is the basal metabolic rate of the humans? 
B)  What is the basal metabolic rate of the dogs? 
C)  What is metabolic rate of the dogs pulling a sled at cruising speed? 
D)  What is the maximum speed a sledding dog can run?

Question 20

Suppose that you use direct calorimetry to monitor a person enclosed in a small room. During the measurement the person lowers many heavy weights from a desk onto the floor. The heat production you measure will

Accepted Answer

A)  slightly underestimate the person's metabolic rate. 
B)  slightly overestimate the person's metabolic rate. 
C)  precisely and directly measure the person's metabolic rate. 
D)  be unrelated to the person's metabolic rate. 
A)  slightly underestimate the person's metabolic rate. 
B)  slightly overestimate the person's metabolic rate. 
C)  precisely and directly measure the person's metabolic rate. 
D)  be unrelated to the person's metabolic rate.

Exam 7: Energy Metabolism

"High-grade" energy refers to

Suppose you breed and market fish sold for food and your greatest expense is the cost of the food. Why would it make sense to harvest animals either as soon as they reach adult size or before?

Do microorganisms produce heat?

The specific dynamic action (SDA) for an animal is measured in an animal that consumes 100 g of carbohydrate. The measurement is repeated a few days later, after the animal has been fed 200 g of protein. How will the magnitude of the second SDA compare with the first SDA measurement?

Suppose an animal is oxidizing food according to the following reaction: C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 2820 kJ/mol. What is the respiratory quotient?

The term "weight-specific metabolic rate" refers to

Suppose an animal has been deprived of food so long that it is in a postabsorptive state and its physiology is abnormal. Which measure would provide physiologically valid results?

Humans can digest and absorb approximately _______% of their energy in cellulose.

In order to measure the maximal aerobic metabolic rate of an animal, researchers commonly induce it by exercise. In vertebrates, a useful rule of thumb is that the maximal aerobic metabolic rate is about _______ times the resting metabolic rate.

A direct calorimeter measures the rate of

The statement "If an isolated system undergoes internal change, the direction of change is always toward greater disorder" is a description of

In most animals, the largest contributions to SDA occur

Small mammals need more O2 per gram of body weight than large mammals do. Compared to large mammals, small mammals have _______ lungs and breathe _______ times per minute.

Which factor exerts a particularly large effect on metabolic rates?

Which type of energy cannot be used by animals to do physiological work?

Suppose an animal is oxidizing food according to the following reaction: C16H32O2 + 23 O2 SYMBOL 174 \f "Symbol" 16 CO2 + 6 H2O + 10,042 kJ/mol. What is the respiratory quotient?

Why is thinking hard not an effective way to lose weight?

Suppose that the body‒surface area of mammals was proportional to weight5/6. Following the other lines of reasoning associated with Rubner's surface "law," what would be the predicted relationship between metabolic rate and weight?

During the reenactment of the Peary Arctic expedition, a dog sled team was loaded with supplies. What is the most important question to answer in order to calculate the weight of the most significant part of the supply mass?

Suppose that you use direct calorimetry to monitor a person enclosed in a small room. During the measurement the person lowers many heavy weights from a desk onto the floor. The heat production you measure will

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters

Suppose an animal is oxidizing food according to the following reaction: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂  6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + 2820 kJ/mol. What is the respiratory quotient?

Small mammals need more O₂ per gram of body weight than large mammals do. Compared to large mammals, small mammals have _ lungs and breathe _ times per minute.

Suppose an animal is oxidizing food according to the following reaction: C₁₆H₃₂O₂ + 23 O₂ SYMBOL 174 \f "Symbol" 16 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + 10,042 kJ/mol. What is the respiratory quotient?

Suppose that the body‒surface area of mammals was proportional to weight^5/6. Following the other lines of reasoning associated with Rubner's surface "law," what would be the predicted relationship between metabolic rate and weight?