Question 1

_______ cells are the output of the retina.

Accepted Answer

A)  Amacrine 
B)  Horizontal 
C)  Bipolar 
D)  Ganglion 
A)  Amacrine 
B)  Horizontal 
C)  Bipolar 
D)  Ganglion

Question 2

Which statement regarding the vertebrate hair cell is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The vertebrate hair cell is an epithelial cell. 
B)  Displacement toward the kinocilium produces a depolarization. 
C)  Displacement away from the kinocilium produces a hyperpolarization. 
D)  When displaced enough toward the kinocilium, the hair cell will produce a train of action potentials. 
A)  The vertebrate hair cell is an epithelial cell. 
B)  Displacement toward the kinocilium produces a depolarization. 
C)  Displacement away from the kinocilium produces a hyperpolarization. 
D)  When displaced enough toward the kinocilium, the hair cell will produce a train of action potentials.

Question 3

In the mechanism of vertebrate olfaction, a G protein activates the enzyme

Accepted Answer

A)  cGMP phosphodiesterase. 
B)  phospholipase C. 
C)  adenylyl cyclase. 
D)  transducin. 
A)  cGMP phosphodiesterase. 
B)  phospholipase C. 
C)  adenylyl cyclase. 
D)  transducin.

Question 4

Which statement regarding the transduction mechanism in vision is true of both vertebrates and invertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  G proteins activate cGMP phosphodiesterase. 
B)  Light triggers the conversion of cis retinal to trans retinal. 
C)  Cation channels are opened and Na+ enters the photoreceptor membrane. 
D)  Second messengers IP3 and DAG are synthesized. 
A)  G proteins activate cGMP phosphodiesterase. 
B)  Light triggers the conversion of cis retinal to trans retinal. 
C)  Cation channels are opened and Na+ enters the photoreceptor membrane. 
D)  Second messengers IP3 and DAG are synthesized.

Question 5

Which statement regarding the basilar membrane is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It separates the cochlea into an upper chamber and a lower chamber. 
B)  It is widest at its basal end and narrowest at its apical end. 
C)  It is stiffer at its basal end and more compliant near its apical end. 
D)  It responds maximally to high frequency sounds toward its basal end. 
A)  It separates the cochlea into an upper chamber and a lower chamber. 
B)  It is widest at its basal end and narrowest at its apical end. 
C)  It is stiffer at its basal end and more compliant near its apical end. 
D)  It responds maximally to high frequency sounds toward its basal end.

Question 6

Which statement best describes the vertebrate vestibular system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Three semicircular canals detect movement via fluid that stimulates hair cells in the crista ampullaris. 
B)  A circular canal detects movement via fluid that stimulates the oval window. 
C)  Four canals, including the cochlea, detect indirect movement of hair cells. 
D)  The incus, malleus, and stapes detect movement by amplifying sound to the oval window. 
A)  Three semicircular canals detect movement via fluid that stimulates hair cells in the crista ampullaris. 
B)  A circular canal detects movement via fluid that stimulates the oval window. 
C)  Four canals, including the cochlea, detect indirect movement of hair cells. 
D)  The incus, malleus, and stapes detect movement by amplifying sound to the oval window.

Question 7

Refer to the figure shown.
  What the mechanism is occurring at IV in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Second messengers have led to the opening of a K+ channel. 
B)  Second messengers have led to the opening of a Ca2+ channel. 
C)  Second messengers have led to the opening of a cation channel, causing depolarization. 
D)  G proteins open a sodium channel. 
A)  Second messengers have led to the opening of a K+ channel. 
B)  Second messengers have led to the opening of a Ca2+ channel. 
C)  Second messengers have led to the opening of a cation channel, causing depolarization. 
D)  G proteins open a sodium channel.

Question 8

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which number in the figure corresponds to the location where an aldehyde is isomerized?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 9

Refer to the figure shown.
  What is the resulting electrical event on the membrane as shown in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperpolarization 
B)  Depolarization at I, hyperpolarization at II 
C)  Hyperpolarization at I, depolarization at II 
D)  Depolarization 
A)  Hyperpolarization 
B)  Depolarization at I, hyperpolarization at II 
C)  Hyperpolarization at I, depolarization at II 
D)  Depolarization

Question 10

How does the transduction mechanism work in a stretch (mechano-) receptor?

Accepted Answer

Stretch receptors have stretch-activated

Question 11

"The sensory modality or quality of sensation associated with a stimulus depends solely on which receptor cells are stimulated, rather than on how they are stimulated." This generalization is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  brain partitioning principle. 
B)  principle of pathway analysis. 
C)  principle of labeled lines. 
D)  principle of sensory organization. 
A)  brain partitioning principle. 
B)  principle of pathway analysis. 
C)  principle of labeled lines. 
D)  principle of sensory organization.

Question 12

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which key best represents the ion movement shown in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  I = Na+ and Ca2+; II = Cl- 
B)  I = K+; II = Cl‒ 
C)  I = Na+ and Cl‒; II = Ca2+ 
D)  I = Ca2+; II = K+ 
A)  I = Na+ and Ca2+; II = Cl- 
B)  I = K+; II = Cl‒ 
C)  I = Na+ and Cl‒; II = Ca2+ 
D)  I = Ca2+; II = K+

Question 13

Explain how the hair cells transduce sound intensity and frequency.

Accepted Answer

In the cochlea, both the number of bendi

Question 14

A bat is just a few centimeters away from a moth that it is locating and attempting to eat. What is the most likely response from the moth?

Accepted Answer

A)  The nearby bat emits an ultrasonic sound, which stimulate the A1 cells in the moth's tympanic organ. This causes the moth to dive to the ground. 
B)  The nearby bat emits an ultrasonic sound, which stimulate the A2 cells in the moth's tympanic organ. This causes the moth to dive to the ground. 
C)  The nearby bat emits an ultrasonic sound, which stimulate the A2 cells in the moth's tympanic organ. This causes the moth to fly away from the source of the sound. 
D)  The nearby bat emits an ultrasonic sound, which stimulate the A1 cells in the moth's tympanic organ. This causes the moth to fly away from the source of the sound. 
A)  The nearby bat emits an ultrasonic sound, which stimulate the A1 cells in the moth's tympanic organ. This causes the moth to dive to the ground. 
B)  The nearby bat emits an ultrasonic sound, which stimulate the A2 cells in the moth's tympanic organ. This causes the moth to dive to the ground. 
C)  The nearby bat emits an ultrasonic sound, which stimulate the A2 cells in the moth's tympanic organ. This causes the moth to fly away from the source of the sound. 
D)  The nearby bat emits an ultrasonic sound, which stimulate the A1 cells in the moth's tympanic organ. This causes the moth to fly away from the source of the sound.

Question 15

The area of the retina within which the membrane potential of a particular neuron can be influenced by light is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  on-center area. 
B)  straight-through area. 
C)  outer plexiform layer. 
D)  receptive field. 
A)  on-center area. 
B)  straight-through area. 
C)  outer plexiform layer. 
D)  receptive field.

Question 16

Choose the best statement regarding moth audition.

Accepted Answer

A)  Moths hear frequencies similar to what bats hear. 
B)  Moths are very sensitive to the frequencies of bat cries. 
C)  Moths hear only frequencies of bat cries. 
D)  Moths hear a broad range of frequencies including bat cries. 
A)  Moths hear frequencies similar to what bats hear. 
B)  Moths are very sensitive to the frequencies of bat cries. 
C)  Moths hear only frequencies of bat cries. 
D)  Moths hear a broad range of frequencies including bat cries.

Question 17

The conversion of stimulus energy into an electrical signal is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  transference. 
B)  transduction. 
C)  an action potential. 
D)  a graded potential. 
A)  transference. 
B)  transduction. 
C)  an action potential. 
D)  a graded potential.

Question 18

The molecule that absorbs light is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  photoreceptor. 
B)  photochemical. 
C)  rhabdomere. 
D)  photopigment. 
A)  photoreceptor. 
B)  photochemical. 
C)  rhabdomere. 
D)  photopigment.

Question 19

Choose the correct statement regarding Piezo channels.

Accepted Answer

A)  Piezo2 mutations in humans cause complete lack of touch reception. 
B)  Experimental removal of the Piezo2 gene in humans reduce touch sensitivity. 
C)  Experimental removal of the Piezo2 gene in humans abolishes touch sensitivity. 
D)  Piezo2 mutations in humans reduce touch sensitivity. 
A)  Piezo2 mutations in humans cause complete lack of touch reception. 
B)  Experimental removal of the Piezo2 gene in humans reduce touch sensitivity. 
C)  Experimental removal of the Piezo2 gene in humans abolishes touch sensitivity. 
D)  Piezo2 mutations in humans reduce touch sensitivity.

Question 20

For terrestrial vertebrates, the greatest amount of refraction occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  at the interface between the air and the cornea. 
B)  in the aqueous humor. 
C)  in the lens. 
D)  in the vitreous humor. 
A)  at the interface between the air and the cornea. 
B)  in the aqueous humor. 
C)  in the lens. 
D)  in the vitreous humor.

Exam 14: Sensory Processes

_______ cells are the output of the retina.

Which statement regarding the vertebrate hair cell is false?

In the mechanism of vertebrate olfaction, a G protein activates the enzyme

Which statement regarding the transduction mechanism in vision is true of both vertebrates and invertebrates?

Which statement regarding the basilar membrane is false?

Which statement best describes the vertebrate vestibular system?

Refer to the figure shown. What the mechanism is occurring at IV in the figure?

Refer to the figure shown. Which number in the figure corresponds to the location where an aldehyde is isomerized?

Refer to the figure shown. What is the resulting electrical event on the membrane as shown in the figure?

How does the transduction mechanism work in a stretch (mechano-) receptor?

"The sensory modality or quality of sensation associated with a stimulus depends solely on which receptor cells are stimulated, rather than on how they are stimulated." This generalization is known as the

Refer to the figure shown. Which key best represents the ion movement shown in the figure?

Explain how the hair cells transduce sound intensity and frequency.

A bat is just a few centimeters away from a moth that it is locating and attempting to eat. What is the most likely response from the moth?

The area of the retina within which the membrane potential of a particular neuron can be influenced by light is called the

Choose the best statement regarding moth audition.

The conversion of stimulus energy into an electrical signal is known as

The molecule that absorbs light is called a

Choose the correct statement regarding Piezo channels.

For terrestrial vertebrates, the greatest amount of refraction occurs

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

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