Question 1

Which physiological reaction would occur in response to direct sympathetic activation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscle protein anabolism 
B)  Release of glucose from muscle and liver 
C)  Increase in digestive activity 
D)  Decrease in ventilation 
A)  Muscle protein anabolism 
B)  Release of glucose from muscle and liver 
C)  Increase in digestive activity 
D)  Decrease in ventilation

Question 2

Describe the two major classes of endocrine cells and how they work.

Accepted Answer

Endocrine cells are divided into two cla

Question 3

Name, compare, and contrast the two major types of insect metamorphosis.

Accepted Answer

Both versions of metamorphosis result in

Question 4

What statement best describes the function of vasopressin cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasopressin cells act like neurons. 
B)  Vasopressin cells receive input about osmotic pressure, and, if high, release vasopressin into the circulation. 
C)  Vasopressin cells receive input about osmotic pressure, and, if high, generate action potentials which then activate endocrine cells in the pituitary to release vasopressin into the circulation. 
D)  Cells in the hypothalamus respond to high osmotic pressure and activate vasopressin cells in the pituitary, which then secrete vasopressin into the circulation. 
A)  Vasopressin cells act like neurons. 
B)  Vasopressin cells receive input about osmotic pressure, and, if high, release vasopressin into the circulation. 
C)  Vasopressin cells receive input about osmotic pressure, and, if high, generate action potentials which then activate endocrine cells in the pituitary to release vasopressin into the circulation. 
D)  Cells in the hypothalamus respond to high osmotic pressure and activate vasopressin cells in the pituitary, which then secrete vasopressin into the circulation.

Question 5

Refer to the figure shown.
  If all of the panels in the figure represent data from one treatment, this treatment was most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  fasting. 
B)  fasting and ingestion of a high-carbohydrate meal. 
C)  fasting and ingestion of a high-protein meal. 
D)  fasting and ingestion of a high-fat meal. 
A)  fasting. 
B)  fasting and ingestion of a high-carbohydrate meal. 
C)  fasting and ingestion of a high-protein meal. 
D)  fasting and ingestion of a high-fat meal.

Question 6

Describe how the kidney acts to conserve water when it senses low blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

Juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney secr

Question 7

Which of the following is not part of the mammalian stress response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased release of thyroid-stimulating hormone 
B)  Vasoconstriction of specific regions such as the skin 
C)  Increase in fat catabolism 
D)  Release of glucocorticoids 
A)  Increased release of thyroid-stimulating hormone 
B)  Vasoconstriction of specific regions such as the skin 
C)  Increase in fat catabolism 
D)  Release of glucocorticoids

Question 8

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which statement regarding the mechanism represented in the diagram is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The hormone binds to a receptor 
B)  A second messenger system acts to shuttle storage vesicles to the membrane. 
C)  Storage vesicles fuse with the apical membrane. 
D)  Water moves from the extracellular fluid into the collecting duct. 
A)  The hormone binds to a receptor 
B)  A second messenger system acts to shuttle storage vesicles to the membrane. 
C)  Storage vesicles fuse with the apical membrane. 
D)  Water moves from the extracellular fluid into the collecting duct.

Question 9

The most common posterior pituitary nonapeptide found in most bony fish is

Accepted Answer

A)  arginine vasotocin. 
B)  oxytocin. 
C)  mesotocin. 
D)  isotocin. 
A)  arginine vasotocin. 
B)  oxytocin. 
C)  mesotocin. 
D)  isotocin.

Question 10

Which compound bypasses second messenger systems and alters gene expression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peptides 
B)  Steroids 
C)  Thyroid hormones 
D)  Melatonin 
A)  Peptides 
B)  Steroids 
C)  Thyroid hormones 
D)  Melatonin

Question 11

Describe the terms "antagonism" and "synergy" as they relate to hormones, and give examples of each.

Accepted Answer

Antagonism occurs when one hormone oppos

Question 12

Compare and contrast the anterior and posterior pituitary glands.

Accepted Answer

Both the anterior and posterior pituitar

Question 13

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which hormone is causing the mechanism represented in the diagram to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aldosterone 
B)  Atrial natriuretic peptide 
C)  Angiotensin 
D)  Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) 
A)  Aldosterone 
B)  Atrial natriuretic peptide 
C)  Angiotensin 
D)  Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

Question 14

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which diagram represents a neurosecretory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 15

Which hormone functions in skin darkening in amphibians and non-avian reptiles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Melanocyte stimulating hormones 
B)  Thyroid hormones 
C)  Glucocorticoids 
D)  Adrenocorticotropin 
A)  Melanocyte stimulating hormones 
B)  Thyroid hormones 
C)  Glucocorticoids 
D)  Adrenocorticotropin

Question 16

Refer to the figure shown.
  What process is represented at arrow II?

Accepted Answer

A)  Storage of insulin in vesicles 
B)  Release of insulin into the blood 
C)  Transporting of proinsulin to a different part of the cell, where it will mature into insulin 
D)  Release of insulin and C-peptide into the blood 
A)  Storage of insulin in vesicles 
B)  Release of insulin into the blood 
C)  Transporting of proinsulin to a different part of the cell, where it will mature into insulin 
D)  Release of insulin and C-peptide into the blood

Question 17

Which of the following would be categorized as an antagonist to aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

A)  angiotensin 
B)  renin 
C)  atrial natriuretic peptide 
D)  antidiuretic hormone 
A)  angiotensin 
B)  renin 
C)  atrial natriuretic peptide 
D)  antidiuretic hormone

Question 18

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin) upregulates the _______ of aquaporins into the _______ membrane of the collecting duct so that more water can be _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  insertion; apical; reabsorbed 
B)  insertion; apical; excreted 
C)  insertion; basal; reabsorbed 
D)  removal; apical; excreted 
A)  insertion; apical; reabsorbed 
B)  insertion; apical; excreted 
C)  insertion; basal; reabsorbed 
D)  removal; apical; excreted

Question 19

The juxtaglomerular cells sense

Accepted Answer

A)  low blood pressure in the carotid body and activate renin-angiotensin-aldosterone. 
B)  high blood pressure in the heart and increase urination. 
C)  low blood pressure and secrete renin. 
D)  low blood pressure and secrete angiotensin. 
A)  low blood pressure in the carotid body and activate renin-angiotensin-aldosterone. 
B)  high blood pressure in the heart and increase urination. 
C)  low blood pressure and secrete renin. 
D)  low blood pressure and secrete angiotensin.

Question 20

Neurosecretory cells

Accepted Answer

A)  are not connected to the nervous system. 
B)  release neurotransmitters into the blood. 
C)  transduce neural signals into endocrine signals. 
D)  do not typically produce action potentials. 
A)  are not connected to the nervous system. 
B)  release neurotransmitters into the blood. 
C)  transduce neural signals into endocrine signals. 
D)  do not typically produce action potentials.

Exam 16: Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Which physiological reaction would occur in response to direct sympathetic activation?

Describe the two major classes of endocrine cells and how they work.

Name, compare, and contrast the two major types of insect metamorphosis.

What statement best describes the function of vasopressin cells.

Refer to the figure shown. If all of the panels in the figure represent data from one treatment, this treatment was most likely

Describe how the kidney acts to conserve water when it senses low blood pressure.

Which of the following is not part of the mammalian stress response?

Refer to the figure shown. Which statement regarding the mechanism represented in the diagram is false?

The most common posterior pituitary nonapeptide found in most bony fish is

Which compound bypasses second messenger systems and alters gene expression?

Describe the terms "antagonism" and "synergy" as they relate to hormones, and give examples of each.

Compare and contrast the anterior and posterior pituitary glands.

Refer to the figure shown. Which hormone is causing the mechanism represented in the diagram to occur?

Refer to the figure shown. Which diagram represents a neurosecretory system?

Which hormone functions in skin darkening in amphibians and non-avian reptiles?

Refer to the figure shown. What process is represented at arrow II?

Which of the following would be categorized as an antagonist to aldosterone?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin) upregulates the _______ of aquaporins into the _______ membrane of the collecting duct so that more water can be _______.

The juxtaglomerular cells sense

Neurosecretory cells

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin) upregulates the ___ of aquaporins into the _ membrane of the collecting duct so that more water can be _____.