Question 1

Which diagram represents the mechanism of oxytocin release from the initial signal in the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 2

Which hormone is produced by neurosecretory cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ecdysis-triggering hormone 
B)  Juvenile hormone 
C)  Ecdysone 
D)  Prothoracicotropic hormone 
A)  Ecdysis-triggering hormone 
B)  Juvenile hormone 
C)  Ecdysone 
D)  Prothoracicotropic hormone

Question 3

Compare and contrast the synthesis, storage, and release of a peptide hormone such as insulin to those processes in a steroid hormone such as testosterone.

Accepted Answer

Peptide hormones such as insulin are syn

Question 4

Which hormone is directly responsible for milk let-down (ejection)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxytocin 
B)  Prolactin 
C)  Follicle-stimulating hormone 
D)  Luteinizing hormone 
A)  Oxytocin 
B)  Prolactin 
C)  Follicle-stimulating hormone 
D)  Luteinizing hormone

Question 5

Refer to the figure shown.
  The _______ in the diagram reaches its final form through _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin; ribosomal cleavage 
B)  glucagon; ribosomal cleavage 
C)  insulin; posttranslational processing 
D)  glucagon; posttranslational processing 
A)  insulin; ribosomal cleavage 
B)  glucagon; ribosomal cleavage 
C)  insulin; posttranslational processing 
D)  glucagon; posttranslational processing

Question 6

Which statement about insulin is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insulin is synthesized at ribosomes, stored in vesicles, and secreted on demand. 
B)  Insulin is synthesized in the nucleus and released into the blood by diffusion. 
C)  Insulin is synthesized on demand, stored in vesicles, and secreted on demand. 
D)  Insulin is synthesized on demand and released into the blood by diffusion. 
A)  Insulin is synthesized at ribosomes, stored in vesicles, and secreted on demand. 
B)  Insulin is synthesized in the nucleus and released into the blood by diffusion. 
C)  Insulin is synthesized on demand, stored in vesicles, and secreted on demand. 
D)  Insulin is synthesized on demand and released into the blood by diffusion.

Question 7

What is the mechanism by which chronic stress can negatively affect the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Glucocorticoids suppress the a

Question 8

How do silk growers take advantage of the knowledge of insect hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  They remove the corpora allata from silkworms to eliminate the production of juvenile hormone which causes them to pupate. This causes them to reproduce faster, creating more animals that can spin more silk. 
B)  They spray analog juvenile hormone on silkworms that causes them to pupate and reproduce faster, creating more animals that can spin more silk. 
C)  They spray analog juvenile hormone on silkworms to prevent them from pupating therefore creating larger larvae that create more silk. 
D)  They remove the corpora allata from silkworms to eliminate the production of juvenile hormone and prevent them from pupating. This creates larger larvae that create more silk. 
A)  They remove the corpora allata from silkworms to eliminate the production of juvenile hormone which causes them to pupate. This causes them to reproduce faster, creating more animals that can spin more silk. 
B)  They spray analog juvenile hormone on silkworms that causes them to pupate and reproduce faster, creating more animals that can spin more silk. 
C)  They spray analog juvenile hormone on silkworms to prevent them from pupating therefore creating larger larvae that create more silk. 
D)  They remove the corpora allata from silkworms to eliminate the production of juvenile hormone and prevent them from pupating. This creates larger larvae that create more silk.

Question 9

Uncontrollably high blood glucose, such as in people with diabetes mellitus,

Accepted Answer

A)  is uncomfortable but not a serious issue. 
B)  is typically fatal after a few episodes; therefore, medication is mandatory. 
C)  can result in eye, kidney, blood vessel, and nerve damage if not treated. 
D)  results in continual dehydration. 
A)  is uncomfortable but not a serious issue. 
B)  is typically fatal after a few episodes; therefore, medication is mandatory. 
C)  can result in eye, kidney, blood vessel, and nerve damage if not treated. 
D)  results in continual dehydration.

Question 10

Which term is not directly related to insect metamorphosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ecdysis 
B)  Bombykol 
C)  Instars 
D)  Pupa 
A)  Ecdysis 
B)  Bombykol 
C)  Instars 
D)  Pupa

Question 11

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which plot line on the graph likely represents an insulin-only treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 12

Describe the two output branches as well as the two phases of the mammalian stress response.

Accepted Answer

The two output branches of the mammalian

Question 13

Which hormone is categorized incorrectly?

Accepted Answer

A)  Testosterone-steroid 
B)  Insulin-peptide 
C)  Growth hormone-steroid 
D)  Melatonin-amine 
A)  Testosterone-steroid 
B)  Insulin-peptide 
C)  Growth hormone-steroid 
D)  Melatonin-amine

Question 14

Which compound functions as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thyroid hormone 
B)  Cholecystokinin 
C)  Carbon dioxide 
D)  Gastrin 
A)  Thyroid hormone 
B)  Cholecystokinin 
C)  Carbon dioxide 
D)  Gastrin

Question 15

Which of the following is not directly part of the HPA axis?

Accepted Answer

A)  ACTH 
B)  glucocorticoids 
C)  norepinephrine 
D)  CRH 
A)  ACTH 
B)  glucocorticoids 
C)  norepinephrine 
D)  CRH

Question 16

Which diagram(s) represent(s) the process of chemical signaling from the initial signal in the hypothalamus to the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II and III 
C)  II and IV 
D)  I and II 
A)  I 
B)  II and III 
C)  II and IV 
D)  I and II

Question 17

During a long period between meals, there is a rise in the blood concentration of

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin. 
B)  glucagon. 
C)  glycogen. 
D)  epinephrine. 
A)  insulin. 
B)  glucagon. 
C)  glycogen. 
D)  epinephrine.

Question 18

Why is iodine an essential nutrient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thyroid hormone includes iodine in its chemical structure. 
B)  Iodine is necessary for proper neural activity. 
C)  Iodine is an important antioxidant. 
D)  Iodine helps to create ATP. 
A)  Thyroid hormone includes iodine in its chemical structure. 
B)  Iodine is necessary for proper neural activity. 
C)  Iodine is an important antioxidant. 
D)  Iodine helps to create ATP.

Question 19

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which plot line represents antagonism toward insulin?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  I, II, and III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  I, II, and III 
D)  IV

Question 20

Which of the following is responsible for secreting paracrines that inhibit renin during high blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carotid bodies 
B)  Macula dense cells 
C)  Juxtaglomerular cells 
D)  The atria of the heart 
A)  Carotid bodies 
B)  Macula dense cells 
C)  Juxtaglomerular cells 
D)  The atria of the heart

Exam 16: Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Which diagram represents the mechanism of oxytocin release from the initial signal in the hypothalamus?

Which hormone is produced by neurosecretory cells?

Compare and contrast the synthesis, storage, and release of a peptide hormone such as insulin to those processes in a steroid hormone such as testosterone.

Which hormone is directly responsible for milk let-down (ejection)?

Refer to the figure shown. The _______ in the diagram reaches its final form through _______.

Which statement about insulin is true?

What is the mechanism by which chronic stress can negatively affect the immune system?

How do silk growers take advantage of the knowledge of insect hormones?

Uncontrollably high blood glucose, such as in people with diabetes mellitus,

Which term is not directly related to insect metamorphosis?

Refer to the figure shown. Which plot line on the graph likely represents an insulin-only treatment?

Describe the two output branches as well as the two phases of the mammalian stress response.

Which hormone is categorized incorrectly?

Which compound functions as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter?

Which of the following is not directly part of the HPA axis?

Which diagram(s) represent(s) the process of chemical signaling from the initial signal in the hypothalamus to the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone?

During a long period between meals, there is a rise in the blood concentration of

Why is iodine an essential nutrient?

Refer to the figure shown. Which plot line represents antagonism toward insulin?

Which of the following is responsible for secreting paracrines that inhibit renin during high blood pressure?

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

Filters

Refer to the figure shown. The _ in the diagram reaches its final form through _.