Exam 20: Muscle

Identify the two major uses of ATP in skeletal muscle cells that are involved in contraction and relaxation and explain why each process uses ATP more rapidly in fast-twitch muscles than in slow-twitch muscles.

Describe two mechanisms by which the human nervous system can voluntarily alter the force and velocity of a contraction of the biceps muscle of the arm.

Mammalian cardiac muscle cells are stimulated to contract by

The diffusion rate of which factor best explains why vertebrates evolved to have slow oxidative muscle fibers that are smaller in diameter than fast glycolytic fibers?

According to the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction, myosin heads pull on _______ filaments and _______.

During an isometric tetanic contraction, the sarcomeres

During an eccentric muscle contraction, the

How can summation of skeletal muscle twitches occur if the motor neuron's refractory period prevents multiple action potentials from being transmitted to the neuromuscular junction at the same time?

During the latent period of an isometric twitch,

Refer to the figure shown. Which number on the diagram represents the most optimal positioning of actin and myosin before contraction?

In striated muscle, _______ before the sarcomere can generate force.

In resting skeletal muscle, contraction does not occur because

Refer to the figure shown. In the figure, which numeral represents the A band?

Refer to the figure shown. In the figure, which panel, taken out of context, represents a state where muscle relaxation could be occurring?

Which statement is true of most arthropod and vertebrate skeletal muscle?

Refer to the figure shown. Which area(s) shorten(s) during muscle contraction?

A muscle produces less force during a twitch than during a tetanic contraction because during a twitch

The small diameter of slow oxidative muscle fibers is particularly advantageous for minimizing the distance over which

Why does a skeletal muscle twitch last longer than a skeletal muscle action potential?

One reason that fast glycolytic muscle fibers fatigue more rapidly than slow oxidative muscle fibers is that fast glycolytic fibers