Question 1

Deserts and savannas have extreme conditions. Explain why these conditions exist.

Accepted Answer

One of the most important causes of dese

Question 2

Describe the advantages and disadvantages that large mammals have living in hot deserts and dry savannas over small mammals in the same environment.

Accepted Answer

Most apparent disadvantages of large siz

Question 3

Which animal has the highest weight-specific water costs to void endogenously produced heat?

Accepted Answer

A)  Squirrel 
B)  Monkey 
C)  Lion 
D)  Elephant 
A)  Squirrel 
B)  Monkey 
C)  Lion 
D)  Elephant

Question 4

Refer to the figure shown.
  Which panel shows evaporative water loss under near-desert temperatures?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 5

Deserts and semi-deserts cover about _______ of the land on Earth.

Accepted Answer

A)  one-sixth 
B)  a quarter 
C)  a third 
D)  half 
A)  one-sixth 
B)  a quarter 
C)  a third 
D)  half

Question 6

What are the mechanisms by which oryxes achieve exceptional water conservation and low water turnover rates?

Accepted Answer

The kidneys of Arabian oryxes can concen

Question 7

The dominant controlling factor of biological processes in dry savannas is

Accepted Answer

A)  the air. 
B)  water. 
C)  the sun. 
D)  the sand. 
A)  the air. 
B)  water. 
C)  the sun. 
D)  the sand.

Question 8

List the strategies dromedary camels employ to conserve water.

Accepted Answer

They produce dry feces and concentrated

Question 9

If an Arabian oryx's urine osmolarity is 240 mOsm and the U/P ratio is 8, its plasma osmolarity would be _______ mOsm.

Accepted Answer

A)  30 
B)  60 
C)  240 
D)  1920 
A)  30 
B)  60 
C)  240 
D)  1920

Question 10

Refer to the figure shown.
  What do the two lines in this figure represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Species of perennial grasses 
B)  Species of drinking-water- dependent herbivores 
C)  Species of drinking-water- independent herbivores 
D)  Species of desert insects 
A)  Species of perennial grasses 
B)  Species of drinking-water- dependent herbivores 
C)  Species of drinking-water- independent herbivores 
D)  Species of desert insects

Question 11

Oryxes are

Accepted Answer

A)  small herbivores. 
B)  small omnivores. 
C)  large omnivores. 
D)  large herbivores. 
A)  small herbivores. 
B)  small omnivores. 
C)  large omnivores. 
D)  large herbivores.

Question 12

In dry savannas and deserts, animals that weigh _______ have the most behavioral advantages.

Accepted Answer

A)  500 g 
B)  100 kg 
C)  200 kg 
D)  300 kg 
A)  500 g 
B)  100 kg 
C)  200 kg 
D)  300 kg

Question 13

In an oryx living in a dry savanna, the amount of water saved per day as a result of a cycling body temperature as opposed to a constant one is

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 L. 
B)  0.2 L. 
C)  0.3 L. 
D)  1.0 L. 
A)  0.1 L. 
B)  0.2 L. 
C)  0.3 L. 
D)  1.0 L.

Question 14

D. B. Dill was a pioneer in the study of exercise and heat. Describe his experiments and explain the results.

Accepted Answer

D. B. Dill studied the physiological adv

Question 15

An organism meets 30% of its water needs from metabolic water; the rest of its water needs are met

Accepted Answer

A)  from preformed water. 
B)  by drinking. 
C)  by eating plants. 
D)  from preformed water and by drinking. 
A)  from preformed water. 
B)  by drinking. 
C)  by eating plants. 
D)  from preformed water and by drinking.

Question 16

Which of the following does not occur in the Serengeti plains of East Africa?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lack of rainfall for 4-6 months at a time 
B)  The drying of streams 
C)  Prolonged period during which soils are extremely wet 
D)  Dry, brown grass 
A)  Lack of rainfall for 4-6 months at a time 
B)  The drying of streams 
C)  Prolonged period during which soils are extremely wet 
D)  Dry, brown grass

Question 17

Which statement about Arabian oryxes is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The more they acclimate, the lower their respiratory surface area. 
B)  The more they acclimate, the more water they conserve. 
C)  The more they acclimate, the less their total rate of evaporative water loss. 
D)  They turnover water at a rate one-quarter to that of other free-living mammals their size. 
A)  The more they acclimate, the lower their respiratory surface area. 
B)  The more they acclimate, the more water they conserve. 
C)  The more they acclimate, the less their total rate of evaporative water loss. 
D)  They turnover water at a rate one-quarter to that of other free-living mammals their size.

Question 18

Which animal has the lowest weight-specific metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Horse 
B)  Mouse 
C)  Kangaroo rat 
D)  Dog 
A)  Horse 
B)  Mouse 
C)  Kangaroo rat 
D)  Dog

Question 19

Which species does not migrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Grant's gazelle 
B)  Wildebeest 
C)  Thompson's gazelle 
D)  Zebra 
A)  Grant's gazelle 
B)  Wildebeest 
C)  Thompson's gazelle 
D)  Zebra

Question 20

The highest recorded rectal temperature in a vertebrate is

Accepted Answer

A)  38.5°C. 
B)  43°C. 
C)  46.5°C. 
D)  49°C. 
A)  38.5°C. 
B)  43°C. 
C)  46.5°C. 
D)  49°C.

Exam 30: Water, Salts, and Excretion at Work: Mammals of Deserts and Dry Savannas

Deserts and savannas have extreme conditions. Explain why these conditions exist.

Describe the advantages and disadvantages that large mammals have living in hot deserts and dry savannas over small mammals in the same environment.

Which animal has the highest weight-specific water costs to void endogenously produced heat?

Refer to the figure shown. Which panel shows evaporative water loss under near-desert temperatures?

Deserts and semi-deserts cover about _______ of the land on Earth.

What are the mechanisms by which oryxes achieve exceptional water conservation and low water turnover rates?

The dominant controlling factor of biological processes in dry savannas is

List the strategies dromedary camels employ to conserve water.

If an Arabian oryx's urine osmolarity is 240 mOsm and the U/P ratio is 8, its plasma osmolarity would be _______ mOsm.

Refer to the figure shown. What do the two lines in this figure represent?

Oryxes are

In dry savannas and deserts, animals that weigh _______ have the most behavioral advantages.

In an oryx living in a dry savanna, the amount of water saved per day as a result of a cycling body temperature as opposed to a constant one is

D. B. Dill was a pioneer in the study of exercise and heat. Describe his experiments and explain the results.

An organism meets 30% of its water needs from metabolic water; the rest of its water needs are met

Which of the following does not occur in the Serengeti plains of East Africa?

Which statement about Arabian oryxes is false?

Which animal has the lowest weight-specific metabolic rate?

Which species does not migrate?

The highest recorded rectal temperature in a vertebrate is

Animals and Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage

Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Related Approaches to Physiology

Physiological Development and Epigenetics

Transport of Solutes and Water

Nutrition, Feeding, and Digestion

Energy Metabolism

Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism

The Energetics of Aerobic Activity

Thermal Relations

Food, Energy, and Temperature at Work: The Lives of Mammals in Frigid Places

Neurons

Synapses

Sensory Processes

Nervous System Organization and Biological Clocks

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Physiology

Reproduction

Integrating Systems at Work: Animal Navigation

Control of Movement

Muscle

Movement and Muscle at Work: Plasticity in Response to Use and Disuse

Introduction to Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Physiology

External Respiration: the Physiology of Breathing

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

Circulation

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Internal Transport at Work: Diving by Marine Mammals

Water and Salt Physiology: Introduction and Mechanisms

Kidneys and Excretion With Notes on Nitrogen Excretion

Water and Salt Physiology of Animals in Their Environments

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