Question 1

What is the most predominant base involved in human acid-base balance?

Accepted Answer

A)  bicarbonate 
B)  alkaline water 
C)  calcium carbonate 
D)  magnesium citrate 
E)  ammonia 
A)  bicarbonate 
B)  alkaline water 
C)  calcium carbonate 
D)  magnesium citrate 
E)  ammonia

Question 2

Metabolic acidosis refers to all types of acidosis that are not caused by excessive ammonia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

What is the minimum pH of urine in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  3.9 
B)  3.2 
C)  4.5 
D)  5.8 
E)  5.1 
A)  3.9 
B)  3.2 
C)  4.5 
D)  5.8 
E)  5.1

Question 4

An important buffer system within red blood cells and tubules of the kidney is the protein buffer system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

List three physiological means by which the body can accommodate all the hydrogen ions it constantly produces.

Accepted Answer

The three physiological means

Question 6

Where is the respiratory center in the brain located?

Accepted Answer

A)  pineal gland 
B)  pituitary gland 
C)  posterior cerebrum 
D)  pons 
E)  medulla 
A)  pineal gland 
B)  pituitary gland 
C)  posterior cerebrum 
D)  pons 
E)  medulla

Question 7

Catecholamines are drugs that can cause what type of acid-base imbalance?

Accepted Answer

A)  physical acidosis 
B)  metabolic acidosis 
C)  metabolic alkalosis 
D)  respiratory acidosis 
E)  respiratory alkalosis 
A)  physical acidosis 
B)  metabolic acidosis 
C)  metabolic alkalosis 
D)  respiratory acidosis 
E)  respiratory alkalosis

Question 8

Lactic acidosis occurs as a result of increased production of lactate or ketoacids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Carbonic _______________ inhibitors such as the drug acetazolamide can result in excessive loss of base while inhibiting production of carbonic acid in the kidney.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carbonic _______________ inhibitors such as the drug...

Question 10

Free hydrogen ions combine with _______________ to form ammonium.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Free hydrogen ions combine with _______________ to...

Question 11

What is the most biochemically important volatile acid in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrochloric acid 
B)  acetic acid 
C)  phosphoric acid 
D)  nitric acid 
E)  carbonic acid 
A)  hydrochloric acid 
B)  acetic acid 
C)  phosphoric acid 
D)  nitric acid 
E)  carbonic acid

Question 12

Discuss the etiology of metabolic alkalosis.

Accepted Answer

Clinical situations resulting in alkalos

Question 13

Which of the following buffer systems buffers both extracellular and intracellular fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)  the phosphate buffer system 
B)  the protein buffer system 
C)  the hemoglobin buffer system 
D)  the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system 
E)  the monosodium buffer system 
A)  the phosphate buffer system 
B)  the protein buffer system 
C)  the hemoglobin buffer system 
D)  the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system 
E)  the monosodium buffer system

Question 14

Explain Kussmaul breathing.

Accepted Answer

Kussmaul breathing is rapid, deep, and l

Question 15

What is the most common cause of metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  asthma 
B)  morbid obesity 
C)  intestinal fistulas 
D)  diarrhea 
E)  overconsumption of coffee 
A)  asthma 
B)  morbid obesity 
C)  intestinal fistulas 
D)  diarrhea 
E)  overconsumption of coffee

Question 16

Water is considered neutral at pH _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Water is considered neutral at pH _______________....

Question 17

Nonvolatile acids include those inorganic acids that are formed during metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which medical condition occurs when the retention of carbon dioxide causes a decrease in the pH of the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic alkalosis 
B)  metabolic acidosis 
C)  diabetic alkalosis 
D)  respiratory alkalosis 
E)  respiratory acidosis 
A)  metabolic alkalosis 
B)  metabolic acidosis 
C)  diabetic alkalosis 
D)  respiratory alkalosis 
E)  respiratory acidosis

Question 19

What is the normal pH range of serum in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  7.35-7.45 
B)  6.15-6.75 
C)  5.4-5.6 
D)  8.55-8.59 
E)  4.0-5.0 
A)  7.35-7.45 
B)  6.15-6.75 
C)  5.4-5.6 
D)  8.55-8.59 
E)  4.0-5.0

Question 20

The kidney uses _______________ and _______________ as buffers because the kidneys cannot excrete bicarbonate at the same time as hydrogen ions.

Accepted Answer

dibasic ph

Exam 8: Acid Base Balance

What is the most predominant base involved in human acid-base balance?

Metabolic acidosis refers to all types of acidosis that are not caused by excessive ammonia.

What is the minimum pH of urine in humans?

An important buffer system within red blood cells and tubules of the kidney is the protein buffer system.

List three physiological means by which the body can accommodate all the hydrogen ions it constantly produces.

Where is the respiratory center in the brain located?

Catecholamines are drugs that can cause what type of acid-base imbalance?

Lactic acidosis occurs as a result of increased production of lactate or ketoacids.

Carbonic _______________ inhibitors such as the drug acetazolamide can result in excessive loss of base while inhibiting production of carbonic acid in the kidney.

Free hydrogen ions combine with _______________ to form ammonium.

What is the most biochemically important volatile acid in the body?

Discuss the etiology of metabolic alkalosis.

Which of the following buffer systems buffers both extracellular and intracellular fluids?

Explain Kussmaul breathing.

What is the most common cause of metabolic acidosis?

Water is considered neutral at pH _______________.

Nonvolatile acids include those inorganic acids that are formed during metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid.

Which medical condition occurs when the retention of carbon dioxide causes a decrease in the pH of the body?

What is the normal pH range of serum in humans?

The kidney uses _______________ and _______________ as buffers because the kidneys cannot excrete bicarbonate at the same time as hydrogen ions.

Role of the Registered Dietitian Nutritionist in the Health Care System

Overview the Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Assessment Foundation of the Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Intervention Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition Informatics and Documentation of the Nutrition Care Process

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Cellular and Physiological Response to Injury the Role of the Immune System

Nutritional Genomics

Pharmacology

Diseases and Disorders of Energy Imbalance

Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Liver Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Diseases of the Endocrine System

Diseases of the Renal System

Diseases of the Hematological System

Diseases and Disorders of the Neurological System

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Metabolic Stress and the Critically Ill

Neoplastic Disease

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

Metabolic Disorders

Filters

The kidney uses _ and _ as buffers because the kidneys cannot excrete bicarbonate at the same time as hydrogen ions.